The Age of Imperialism Chapter 11 1850-1914. Introduction What is Imperialism?
Chapter 12-Imperialism
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Transcript of Chapter 12-Imperialism
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Chapter 12-Imperialism What is imperialism?
– 1 country controls political, economic, or cultural life of another country/region
By 1870’s most of the world was under Euro. Rule
Why would these European nations do this?
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Reasons Economic Factors
– Industrial growth in Europe increased the need to natural resources
– These nations needed new markets Nationalist Factors
– Nationalism-devotion to one’s nation
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Reasons Military Factors
– Advances in technology– Stronger armies and navies– Required bases around the world– Prestige
Humanitarian Factors– Spread ideas
Politically and religious
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Rapid Spread How were Euro nations able to gain
so much land?– Older Empires are in the decline
Ex. Ottoman Empire– Strong econ, gov’t, tech, and military– Resistance
Didn’t match Euro strength Educated nationalists finally get Euro out
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Support Pro-imperialists and Anti-Imperialists
– Pro: nation’s destiny, expand markets– Anti: benefits the rich, racism
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Two Methods of Rule Direct Rule
– Controls every level of govt
– Appoints positions – Ex- France and
Germany
Indirect Rule– Euro. is in control at
the top– Leaves original
leaders in power– Ex. Great Britain
Made decisions-local officers enforced them
Results-THE SAME
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Sphere of Influence Outside power claims investment or
trading privileges– Areas of China
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Section 2-Early 1800’s– North Africa
Sahara and Farming areas
Islamic influence Part of the Ottoman
Empire– East Africa
Islamic influence Trading centers
– Southern Africa Zulu Nation ruled
the area Boers-Dutch farmers
– Conflict between them and Zulus
– Western Africa Islamic influence Traders
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Early Explorers Missionaries
– Catholic and Protestant
– Built schools, hospitals
– But viewed their way of life as backwards
Dr. David Livingstone– Wrote about his
findings and anti-slavery
– Was not heard for years until 1871
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Scramble Congo
– King Leopold IIReason he told people why they went there?
– Barbaric lifestyles and they’re there to help– Belgium exploited the riches – Reports of horrible mistreatment
Leopold gave the colony to the gov’t
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Cont. Expansion France
– Conquered Northern Africa
– Controlled Western and Central Africa
– French Empire in Africa was larger than the US
Britain– Scattered but lots
of resources– Issues with the
Boers– Boer War 1899-
1902 British won at a cost
– 1910- Union of South Africa created
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Resisting Rule France dealt with
the Algerians British-Zulus and
Asante
Ethiopia – Fought off Euro rule– Unification under
Menelik II Industrialize New tech. Italy invaded and
lost
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Key Points Section 3 Decline of Empires Reform movements
– Opposed Euro rule, Ottoman way of life
Problems w/ Ottoman– Revolts– European pressure– Conflict with social
changes– Youth revolt– WWI– Armenian Genocide
Egypt– Muhammad Ali
Brought modernization to Egypt
– Building of the Suez Canal
Persia – Russia and GB wanted
this area– Oil–
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8:4 The British Take Over India, 1805
“THE SUN NEVER SETS ON THE BRITISH EMPIRE!”
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I. Early Years Why do you think the British
conquered India so easily?– Exploited its diversity
Different cultures, languages, traditions – GB took advantage
Indians couldn’t unite GB created division, supplied local rulers
with weapons
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II. “The Brightest Jewel”
A. The Sepoy Rebellion, 1857-Angry Hindus & Muslims revolt over East
India Company control & laws (mandatory military, marriage, etc)
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B. Aftermath – Northern, Central India to Delhi attacked– Massacred British men, women, children
How do you think the British responds?– Crush the riots – Slaughter thousands of unarmed Indians– Burn villages
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Impact of GB Rule
C. Est. a viceroy– British at the top of gov’t, Indians fill
other positions – Deforestation for farming – Population growth, which led to famine
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D. Educated Indians united Est. a democracy
– 1947, India gains independence from British rule.
Who is GHANDI?
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"When I despair, I remember that all through history the way of truth and love has always won. There have been tyrants and murderers and for a time they seem invincible, but in the end, they always fall — think of it, always.“
"What difference does it make to the dead, the orphans, and the homeless, whether the mad destruction is wrought under the name of totalitarianism or the holy name of liberty and democracy?“
"An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind.“
"There are many causes that I am prepared to die for but no causes that I am prepared to kill for."
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III. Impact of ImperialismA. Increased nationalism in conquered
territoriesB. Modernized nationsC. Increased tensions in the worldD. Increased trade, interconnected worldE. Spread Christianity & western culture
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12:5 China’s New Imperialism
A. Britain desires Opium trade-China “closed door policy” to west
(Emperor Qian Long)-China practices balance of trade, export
more than import
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B. Opium War 1839 China outlawed Opium trade GB refuses = war 1839 GB modern navy defeats China’s
outdated weapons.
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C. Treaty of Nanjing, 1842 Indemnity- China pays losses to GB
– GB gains Hong Kong– “Open Door Policy” Chinese ports to all
trade– Qing dynasty power decreasing by
1800’s
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D. Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864)
Poverty & misery increasing = peasants revolt
Hong Xiuquan, leader of “Heavenly Kingdom of Peace” aka Taiping, inspired by Christianity
20-30 million Chinese die Lasts 14 years Russia seizes land in north Weakens Qing gov’t more
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E. “Self Strengthening Movement”
1860’s China No government support westernize Built factories,
modern weapons railroads
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F. War with Japan 1868 Japan modernized 1894 War with China to acquire Korea
– Defeat revealed China’s industrial weakness
– European countries carve land from empire
1898 Guang Xu, “100 days of reform”
westernizedJailed Guang, CiXi
gains power
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G. Anti Foreign Feeling Boxer Rebellion
– Drive out “foreign devils”– Japan crushes revolt– Forced Chinese to support
westernization– Increased nationalism– 1900 became a
Constitutional Monarchy
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H. Chinese Republic
a. Sun Yixian, President 1911b. “Three principles of people”- built
by Revolutionary Alliance1. Nationalism2. Democracy3. Economic livelihood
China at war with itself.
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Word Wall Use these key terms to create a
summary of the chapterBoxer rebellion Taiping RebellionTreaty of Nanjing Opium War
ViceroyBerlin Conf. King Leopold
Indirect/Direct Imperialism