Chapter 12
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Transcript of Chapter 12
![Page 1: Chapter 12](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062613/54547514af7959a1608b6175/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 12
Robbery
Hess 12-1
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Introduction• Robbery has plagued the human race throughout
history• Robbery is one of the three most violent crimes against
the person• Most robberies were committed on streets or highways • Firearms were used in 42.6 percent of robberies • This crime poses a definite hazard to law enforcement
officers
Hess 12-2
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DEFINITION• Felonious taking of another’s property• Either directly from the person or in that person’s
presence• Through force or intimidation
Oral demand Note
Hess 12-3
Robbery: An Overview
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CATEGORIES• Residential• Commercial• Street• Vehicle-driver
Hess 12-4
Classification
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RESIDENTIAL• Less frequent than the other types • Tends to involve entire families• Home invaders usually target a resident• Home-invading robberies are increasing in rural areas
Hess 12-5
Classification
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COMMERCIAL• Occurs most frequently toward the end of the week • Committed by individuals with criminal records• MOs should be compared with those of past robberies• Convenience stores that are robbed once are likely to
be robbed again
Hess 12-6
Classification
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STREET• Most frequently committed on public streets,
sidewalks, in alleys and in parking lots• Most are committed with a weapon• Both the victim and the robber are usually on foot• Speed and surprise typify street robberies
Hess 12-7
Classification
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VEHICLE-DRIVER• Delivery and messenger vehicles• Armored trucks and personal cars• Taxis• Buses• Trucks
Hess 12-8
Classification
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CARJACKING• Taking of a motor vehicle by force or threat of force• Some stage accidents
BANK ROBBERY• Jurisdiction of the FBI• Professional versus amateur• Robberies at ATM machines
Hess 12-9
Classification
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OVERVIEW• In most state statutes, common elements exist: The wrongful taking of personal property From the person or in the person’s presence Against the person’s will by force or threat of force
Hess 12-10
Elements of the Crime: Robbery
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ALL-UNITS RESPONSE• Proceed rapidly, but use caution• Assume robbers at scene• Be prepared for gunfire• Look for/immobilize getaway vehicle• Avoid hostage situation if possible• Make immediate arrest if possible
Hess 12-11
Responding to a Robbery-in-Progress Call
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OVERVIEW• Average length is approximately 12 hours• Special weapons and tactics (SWAT) teams and crisis
negotiation teams (CNTs)• Main priority is to preserve life• Stockholm syndrome
Hess 12-12
Hostage Situations
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CHALLENGES FOR INVESTIGATORS• Lag time in reporting a robbery• Speed of its occurrence • Traumatizing effect on victims and witnesses• Nature of stolen items
Hess 12-13
Preliminary Investigation and Special Challenges
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ELEMENTS OF ROBBERY• Taking of property • Who is the legal owner?• Was property taken or intended to be taken? From the person or in the presence of the person By force or the threat of force
Hess 12-14
Proving the Elements of the Offense
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IDENTIFYING THE SUSPECT• General appearance• Clothing • Disguises• Weapon• Vehicle
Hess 12-15
The Complete Investigation
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ESTABLISHING MODUS OPERANDI• Type of robbery and time• Method of attack and weapon• Number of robbers• Voice and words• Vehicles used • Peculiarities and objects sought
Hess 12-16
The Complete Investigation
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PHYSICAL EVIDENCE• Minimal at robbery scene• Surveillance cameras
MAPPING ROBBERY• Inherently serial• Global Information Software
(GIS) mapping capabilities
Hess 12-17
The Complete Investigation
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INDICATORS• Unusual delay in reporting • Amount of the loss not fitting victim’s financial status• Lack of correspondence with the physical evidence• Improbable events• Exceptionally detailed or vague description of offender• Lack of cooperation
Hess 12-18
False Robbery Reports
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Summary• Robbery is the felonious taking of another’s property • Robberies are classified as either residential,
commercial, street or vehicle-driver• Bank robberies are within the jurisdiction of the FBI• Prove each element of robbery separately• Obtain information about the suspect’s general
appearance, clothing, disguises and vehicle
Hess 12-19