Chapter 11 Section 3 The Middle Ages and Renaissance
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Transcript of Chapter 11 Section 3 The Middle Ages and Renaissance
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Chapter 11 Section 3
The Middle Agesand Renaissance
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The Middle Ages or Medieval Era• The Middle Ages is the
time period between the fall of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the modern era.
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Medieval• From the Latin word for “Middle
Ages”.
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The Middle Ages or Medieval Era• After the collapse of the Roman
Empire in A.D. 476, the next 1,000 years was dominated by warfare, turmoil, and bloodshed in Europe.
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Charlemagne • French king who conquered much
of western Europe and ruled from 768 to 814. During his reign there was the only period of peace in the Middle Ages.
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Charlemagne • He improved education, enforced
laws, and supported the Christian Church.
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Feudalism• A decentralized government in
which a weak monarchy attempts to control the lands of the realm through agreements with regional leaders.
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Feudalism
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Kings and Lords• Land owning nobility.
• Owned a lot of land, but had little money.
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Vassals• Military officers who were given
large tracts of land, called a fief (feef), by the King or Lord of the manor.
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Knights• Land holding nobles.
• They served as police and soldier defending their lord’s lands
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Serf• Poor farmer who moved onto
plots of land and agreed to work the land for the lord of the manor in exchange for protection.
• Serfdom became almost slavery once the serf promised to work for a lord.
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The Church• During the Middle Ages the
Christian Church grew extremely powerful.
• It formed its own governing body, laws, courts, and systems of taxation.
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The Crusades• Series of military campaigns from
1096-1204 led by Christians to retake the Holy Lands from Muslims.
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Results of the Crusades• Europeans learned of
discoveries of Muslim scientists and reconnected with the histories of ancient Greece and Rome.
• Opened trade between the Middle East and Europe.
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The Black Death
• Occurred in the late Middle Ages, 1348-1350, and was called the “black death” because of the dark blotches that appeared on the skin of victims.
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The Black Death• In western Europe the Black
Death killed up to 25 million people, roughly 1/3 of the population.
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The Renaissance• Period of “rebirth” coming
out of the Middle Ages beginning in the 1300s.
• Was sparked by a renewed interest in the cultures of ancient Greece and Rome.
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The Renaissance• Was a time of great artistic and
intellectual achievement.
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Patrons• Wealthy Italian traders who
supported artist and their work.
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The Renaissance• People began to see life as more
than a time to prepare for eternity but a time to for personal achievement.
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The Renaissance• The combination of the Black
Death and this new thinking during the Renaissance led many to question the Church.
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Martin Luther• A German priest that was troubled
by some of the teachings of the Church.
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Martin Luther• In 1517, Luther wrote a list of 95
things he found wrong with the church and nailed it to the door of the church in Wittenberg, Germany, and sent copies to church officials.
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Martin Luther• The ideas of the ways to change
the Catholic Church became known as the Reformation.
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Martin Luther• Those who followed Luther’s
teachings became known as Protestants, because they protested against the church.
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Gutenberg Press• New device invented by a
German named Johannes Gutenberg that revolutionized the printing of books by having moveable letters that could be used time and time again.
• Ideas could be spread more quickly.
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Gutenberg Press