Chapter 11, Section 2 NotesChapter 11, Section 2 Notes

• TitleTitle: Victory at San Jacinto: Victory at San Jacinto

• Main IdeaMain Idea: The Texas army defeated Santa : The Texas army defeated Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto.Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto.

• Key TermsKey Terms: calvary, flank, infantry: calvary, flank, infantry

I. The Eve of BattleI. The Eve of Battle

A.A. On On April 20April 20, the Texans set camp at , the Texans set camp at BuffaloBuffalo Bayou where it joins the Bayou where it joins the San JacintoSan Jacinto River. River. A A wide prairiewide prairie extended in front of the extended in front of the camp.camp.

B.B. The Mexican army was camped The Mexican army was camped lessless than a than a milemile in a in a poorpoor location vulnerable to attack. location vulnerable to attack.

C.C. That same afternoon, a That same afternoon, a privateprivate from from GeorgiaGeorgia named named MirabeauMirabeau B. B. Lamar Lamar distinguished himself in the fighting of a distinguished himself in the fighting of a small small skirmishskirmish with the Mexicans. Because with the Mexicans. Because of this he was named to lead the Texas of this he was named to lead the Texas cavalrycavalry (mounted horse soldiers) (mounted horse soldiers)

II. San Jacinto Soldiers from II. San Jacinto Soldiers from Varied BackgroundsVaried Backgrounds

A.A. Juan SeguinJuan Seguin commanded 20-30 commanded 20-30 TejanosTejanos..

B.B. Jose Antonio MenchacaJose Antonio Menchaca acted as a acted as a spokespersonspokesperson for those who couldn’t for those who couldn’t speak English.speak English.

C.C. At first, Houston wanted them to guard At first, Houston wanted them to guard the camp; but he admired their the camp; but he admired their couragecourage and allowed them to fight.and allowed them to fight.

D.D. Overall, about a Overall, about a 10001000 various men various men arrived to fight for Texasarrived to fight for Texas

III. Houston Calls a Council of WarIII. Houston Calls a Council of War

A.A. On On April 21April 21, General , General CosCos arrived in arrived in the morning at the Mexican camp the morning at the Mexican camp with with 540540 inexperienced soldiers. inexperienced soldiers. They were allowed time to They were allowed time to eateat and and restrest..

o It was “siesta” time!

B. Santa Anna did not post enough guards.

III. Houston Calls a Council of WarIII. Houston Calls a Council of War

A. Meanwhile, Houston ordered Deaf Smith and Henry Karnes to destroy the bridge across Vince’s Bayou in order to cut off a path of retreat for both Texas and Mexican armies.

B. He called a Council of War to determine time of attack; but disagreement arose on whether or not they should attack directly or wait defensively.

IV. “Remember the Alamo!”IV. “Remember the Alamo!”

A.A. At At 3:303:30pm, General pm, General HoustonHouston ordered his officers to assemble ordered his officers to assemble the troops for an the troops for an immediateimmediate attack attack.

– Sidney ShermanSidney Sherman moved on the far left moved on the far left flankflank..– Edward BurlesonEdward Burleson moved on the right moved on the right.– GeorgeGeorge W. W. HockleyHockley moved on the center moved on the center.– Henry MillardHenry Millard led led 4 infantry4 infantry units units.– LamarLamar led the cavalry on the far right and led the cavalry on the far right and

were told to cut off the Mexicans’ path when were told to cut off the Mexicans’ path when they attempted to fleethey attempted to flee.

– HoustonHouston drew his drew his swordsword and led the attack and led the attack.

IV. “Remember the Alamo!”IV. “Remember the Alamo!”

B.B. The Texans used the The Texans used the “Twin Sisters”“Twin Sisters” to to attack Mexican fortifications and they attack Mexican fortifications and they easily easily stormedstormed through enemy lines. through enemy lines. (see battle map on p. 254)(see battle map on p. 254)

C.C. The 2 battle cries of the Texans were The 2 battle cries of the Texans were ““RememberRemember the the AlamoAlamo!” and !” and ““Remember GoliadRemember Goliad!”.!”.

D.D. Most Mexicans were Most Mexicans were ill-preparedill-prepared and and unarmedunarmed as the as the surprisesurprise attack ensued. attack ensued. Some were Some were restingresting, others gathered , others gathered firewoodfirewood or watered their or watered their horseshorses. Total . Total confusionconfusion resulted resulted.

IV. “Remember the Alamo!”IV. “Remember the Alamo!”

E.E. Result? The battle last for only Result? The battle last for only 1818 minutes! minutes!F.F. Fact or Legend?Fact or Legend?

i.i. Santa Anna was lured into his Santa Anna was lured into his tenttent before the before the battle by a battle by a mulatto mulatto (mixed) slave named (mixed) slave named Emily Emily MorganMorgan..

ii.ii. She becomes known as the “She becomes known as the “YellowYellow RoseRose of of TexasTexas”.”.

iii.iii. When the battle begins, Santa Anna suddenly When the battle begins, Santa Anna suddenly leaves and leaves and disappearsdisappears with no weapons or with no weapons or armorarmor

V. The Mexicans Suffer Heavy V. The Mexicans Suffer Heavy LossesLosses

A.A. TexansTexansi.i. Fewer than Fewer than 1010 killed or fatally killed or fatally

wounded.wounded.ii.ii. 3030 Texans injured including Texans injured including Sam Sam

HoustonHouston, whose right ankle was , whose right ankle was shattered by a Mexican musket ballshattered by a Mexican musket ball.

iii.iii. Ad-interim vice-president Ad-interim vice-president LorenzoLorenzo de de ZavalaZavala opened his home as a opened his home as a temporary temporary hospital hospital for both wounded for both wounded Texan and Mexican troopsTexan and Mexican troops.

V. The Mexicans Suffer Heavy V. The Mexicans Suffer Heavy LossesLosses

B.B. MexicansMexicansi.i. 630630 Mexicans killed Mexicans killedii.ii. 730 730 Mexicans taken prisonerMexicans taken prisoner

C.C. Capture of Santa AnnaCapture of Santa Annai.i. He was caught He was caught hidinghiding in some in some tall grasstall grass

dressed as a common dressed as a common soldiersoldier or peasant or peasant.ii.ii. On the way to the Texan camp, his On the way to the Texan camp, his own menown men

give him away with saying “give him away with saying “El PresidenteEl Presidente?”?” iii.iii. At Houston’s request, Santa Anna signed an At Houston’s request, Santa Anna signed an

orderorder instructing General instructing General FilisolaFilisola to withdraw to withdraw all Mexican troops to south of the all Mexican troops to south of the Rio GrandeRio Grande..

VI. Treaties of VelascoVI. Treaties of Velasco

A.A. The town of The town of VelascoVelasco at the mouth of the at the mouth of the Brazos Brazos River becomes the new capital in River becomes the new capital in MayMay 1836. 1836. Santa Anna was taken there to sign 2 Santa Anna was taken there to sign 2 treatiestreaties..

B.B. PublicPublici.i. He promises to never again He promises to never again fightfight against the against the

TexansTexans.ii.ii. He officially orders all He officially orders all Mexican forcesMexican forces out of out of

Texas.Texas. iii.iii. Prisoner ExchangePrisoner Exchangeiv.iv. All All propertyproperty taken by Mexican forces taken by Mexican forces

returnedreturned..

VI. Treaties of VelascoVI. Treaties of Velasco

C.C. PrivatePrivatei. He promises to work for Mexican

recognition of Texas independence .ii. He promises to work for the Rio

Grande as the border between Texas and Mexico.

iii. Result? He would be quietly escorted back to Mexico.

VI. Many Texans Wanted RevengeVI. Many Texans Wanted Revenge

A.A. Many Texans wanted to Many Texans wanted to hang hang Santa Anna to avenge Santa Anna to avenge the deaths of those at the Alamo and Goliadthe deaths of those at the Alamo and Goliad.

B.B. HoustonHouston and and BurnetBurnet both decided to both decided to sparespare his life. his life. C.C. In June 1836, Santa Anna boards the ship In June 1836, Santa Anna boards the ship

invincibleinvincible to return to to return to MexicoMexico..D.D. A group of A group of angryangry Texan army officers stopped the Texan army officers stopped the

ship from sailing and demanded that Santa Anna ship from sailing and demanded that Santa Anna be turned over for be turned over for executionexecution..

E.E. BurnetBurnet stops the officers and holds Santa Anna stops the officers and holds Santa Anna prisoner prisoner for several more months before allowing for several more months before allowing him to leave again.him to leave again.

VII. Victory’s ConsequencesVII. Victory’s Consequences

A. The Battle of San Jacinto was one of the most decisive battles in all history. WHY?

i. Captured Santa Annaii. Texas won its independence!iii. Republic of Texas was born!

B. The San Jacinto Monument (see page 259) was built in 1939 to commemorate the battle.

i.i. It’s the worlds tallest monumental column and It’s the worlds tallest monumental column and is is 1515 feet higher than the feet higher than the WashingtonWashington Monument in our nation’s capital! Monument in our nation’s capital!

Assignments for TodayAssignments for Today

1.1. SAM HOUSTON AcrosticSAM HOUSTON Acrostic

2.2. 11-2 Guided Reading/Section Quiz11-2 Guided Reading/Section Quiz