Chapter 11Chapter 11Diseases of the Reproductive Diseases of the Reproductive

SystemSystem

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Female Organs and FunctionFemale Organs and Function Ovaries– Ovaries– store and mature eggs, release into store and mature eggs, release into

fallopian tubes with help of frimbriaefallopian tubes with help of frimbriae

Fallopian tubes – Fallopian tubes – transport mature egg to transport mature egg to uterus for expelling or fertilizationuterus for expelling or fertilization

Uterus –Uterus – supply womb for fetal growth, blood supply womb for fetal growth, blood supply for placenta or lining for release during supply for placenta or lining for release during menstruationmenstruation

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Bartholin’s glands – Bartholin’s glands – secrete mucous for secrete mucous for lubrication during sexlubrication during sex

Hymen –Hymen – membranous fold covering closing membranous fold covering closing the vaginal openingthe vaginal opening

Breasts – Breasts – accessory organs used for accessory organs used for production of milk production of milk

Vagina - Vagina - Birth canalBirth canal

Cervix –Cervix – opening of uterus for entry of sperm opening of uterus for entry of sperm or exit for birthor exit for birth

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Male Organs and FunctionMale Organs and Function

Prostate gland – Prostate gland – secretes fluid to lubricate secretes fluid to lubricate spermsperm

Penis –Penis – pathway for sperm, urine, contains pathway for sperm, urine, contains the muscle which becomes erect for sexthe muscle which becomes erect for sex

Seminiferous tubules –Seminiferous tubules – Sperm development Sperm development Epididymis – Epididymis – Sperm enter after reaching Sperm enter after reaching

maturity (coiled tube)maturity (coiled tube)

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Vas deferens – Vas deferens – store sperm for up to several store sperm for up to several

weeks – enters the abdominal cavity, then weeks – enters the abdominal cavity, then into prostate for ejaculation through urethrainto prostate for ejaculation through urethra

Scrotum- Scrotum- sac containing testis, epididymissac containing testis, epididymis

Testis – Testis – store the hormones, and future store the hormones, and future sperm which when ready to mature will enter sperm which when ready to mature will enter seminiferous tubulesseminiferous tubules

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Signs and SymptomsSigns and Symptoms

PID –PID – lower abdominal pain, fever, vaginal lower abdominal pain, fever, vaginal discharge can have an odor, painful discharge can have an odor, painful intercourse, painful urination, irregular intercourse, painful urination, irregular bleedingbleeding

Fibroid tumors of uterus –Fibroid tumors of uterus – Some have no Some have no symptoms, excessive vaginal bleeding, pelvic symptoms, excessive vaginal bleeding, pelvic pressure, abdominal pain, abdominal pressure, abdominal pain, abdominal enlargement, pain during intercourseenlargement, pain during intercourse

Breasts cysts –Breasts cysts – Tiny- fluid filled sacs in Tiny- fluid filled sacs in breast tissuebreast tissue

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Fibroadenoma –Fibroadenoma – Solid, firm tumor, usually Solid, firm tumor, usually painlesspainless

Amenorrhea –Amenorrhea – No menstrual period No menstrual period Dysmenorrhea – Dysmenorrhea – cramping, dull to severe cramping, dull to severe

pelvic and lower back painpelvic and lower back pain Menorrhagia –Menorrhagia – Excessive or prolonged Excessive or prolonged

bleeding during periodbleeding during period Metrorrhagia – Metrorrhagia – Bleeding between periods, Bleeding between periods,

extreme irregularity of cycleextreme irregularity of cycle PMS –PMS – Breast swelling and tenderness, acne, Breast swelling and tenderness, acne,

bloating, weight gain, headache, joint pain, food bloating, weight gain, headache, joint pain, food cravings, mood swings, fatigue, anxiety, cravings, mood swings, fatigue, anxiety, depression, trouble sleepingdepression, trouble sleeping

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PDD – (dysphoric) –PDD – (dysphoric) – Feelings of sadness or Feelings of sadness or despair, tension or anxiety, panic attacks, mood despair, tension or anxiety, panic attacks, mood swings, anger that affects others, disinterest in swings, anger that affects others, disinterest in relationships or daily activities, lack of focus, relationships or daily activities, lack of focus, tiredness, food cravings, trouble sleeping, tiredness, food cravings, trouble sleeping, bloating, breast tenderness, headaches, joint bloating, breast tenderness, headaches, joint pain, muscle painpain, muscle pain

Endometriosis – Endometriosis – Pelvic pain, diarrhea, Pelvic pain, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal bloating, menorrhagia, constipation, abdominal bloating, menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, fatiguemetrorrhagia, fatigue

Ectopic pregnancy – Ectopic pregnancy – Lower abdominopelvic Lower abdominopelvic pain, amenorrhea, metrorrhagia, nausea, breast pain, amenorrhea, metrorrhagia, nausea, breast tenderness, back pain, shock, sudden paintenderness, back pain, shock, sudden pain

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Spontaneous abortion – Miscarriage – Spontaneous abortion – Miscarriage – low low back pain, abdominal pain, cramping, vaginal back pain, abdominal pain, cramping, vaginal bleeding, clotlike dischargebleeding, clotlike discharge

Preeclampsia – Preeclampsia – Mild: HBP, protein in urine; Mild: HBP, protein in urine; Severe: also includes headache, blurred Severe: also includes headache, blurred vision, fatigue, photophobia, nausea, vision, fatigue, photophobia, nausea, vomiting, urinating small amounts, pain in vomiting, urinating small amounts, pain in upper right abdomen, SOB, bruise easilyupper right abdomen, SOB, bruise easily

Gestational Diabetes – Gestational Diabetes – Maternal Maternal hypertension, polyhudroamnios, excessive hypertension, polyhudroamnios, excessive weight gain during last 6 months, fetus large weight gain during last 6 months, fetus large for gestational agefor gestational age

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Prostatitis – Prostatitis – Acute: fever, chills, flu symptoms, Acute: fever, chills, flu symptoms, pain in gland, lower back or groin pain, urinary pain in gland, lower back or groin pain, urinary problems, painful ejaculation, blood-tinged problems, painful ejaculation, blood-tinged urine; Chronic: urgent urination, frequent urine; Chronic: urgent urination, frequent urination, pain or burning during urination, urination, pain or burning during urination, pelvic pain, back pain, occasional blood in urine pelvic pain, back pain, occasional blood in urine or semen, fever, painful ejaculation, recurring or semen, fever, painful ejaculation, recurring bladder infections.bladder infections.

Orchitis – Orchitis – testicular swelling, pain, tenderness, testicular swelling, pain, tenderness, nausea, vomiting, fever, penile discharge, nausea, vomiting, fever, penile discharge, enlarged prostate and tendernessenlarged prostate and tenderness

STDs –STDs – gonhorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, gonhorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, herpes, HPV and genital wartstrichomoniasis, herpes, HPV and genital warts

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Menopause- Menopause- hot flashes, night sweats, hot flashes, night sweats, trouble sleeping, mood swings, trouble trouble sleeping, mood swings, trouble focusing, hair loss or thinning, facial hair focusing, hair loss or thinning, facial hair growth, vaginal drynessgrowth, vaginal dryness

Uterine prolapse- Uterine prolapse- Feelings of heaviness in Feelings of heaviness in pelvic area, urinary stress incontinence, lower pelvic area, urinary stress incontinence, lower back painback pain

Cystocele – Cystocele – Pelvic pressure, urinary Pelvic pressure, urinary urgency, frequency, incontinenceurgency, frequency, incontinence

Rectocele – Rectocele – Discomfort, constipation, fecal Discomfort, constipation, fecal incontinenceincontinence

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BPH – BPH – Night urination urge, frequent bladder Night urination urge, frequent bladder

need, difficulty urinating, urine stream need, difficulty urinating, urine stream decreasesdecreases

Erectile dysfunction - Erectile dysfunction - Inability to achieve Inability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for and maintain an erection sufficient for intercourseintercourse