Chapter 10

A Changing Nation

Section 2: Dealing with Other Nations

Section 2 Essential Question:

How did U.S. foreign affairs reflect new nation confidence?

Section 2: Dealing With Other Nations

Relations with Spain Spanish Florida was a source of conflict between

the United States and Spain. Spain’s power had weakened over time Wars with England and maintaining

uprisings in colonies Enslaved Africans fled from Georgia and

Alabama into Spanish Florida. Joined with the Seminoles Went on raids to American settlements

Section 2: Dealing With Other Nations

Because of the Seminoles raids, in 1817 the U.S. sends in Andrew Jackson. He attacked and destroyed 2 Seminole villages He then went far beyond his orders

Attacked and seized 2 Spanish towns Forced the governor to flee

Spain realizes that they can no longer hold onto Florida U.S. could take it at any time They sign the Adams-Onis treaty in 1819 which ceded Florida

Adams-Onis Treaty

Seeking to protect their land interests, the Spanish offer Florida to the U.S.

The U.S. obtained Florida for $5 million and defined the new boundaries between Spain and the U.S.

Adams-Onis Treaty

What effect did Andrew Jackson’s attack on Florida have on the government of Spain?

Spain realized it could not protect Florida, so it sold the territory to the United States.

Section 2: Dealing With Other Nations

Spanish Colonies Win Independence Spain’s control of it other American colonies was also fading.

The people of Latin America was inspired by the American and French revolutions an sought to seek independence. In 1810 – Father Miguel Hidalgo organized an army of Native

Americans They freed several provinces in Mexico Hidalgo was captured and executed in 1811

In 1820 – a second revolution breaks out Spain was unable to end the fighting They signed a treaty in 1821 giving Mexico independence

Mexico’s Governments At first it Mexico was ruled by an emperor In 1823 that changed to a constitutional government like America

Section 2: Dealing With Other Nations

In 1819 Simon Bolivar led a rebellion for independence in South America and defeated the Spanish. He was know as the Liberator.

Marched troops through Venezuela into Columbia defeating the Spanish Became president of the independent republic of Columbia

Included Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador and Panama

In 1821 – Central America declares independence Spain was unable to resist They formed the United Provinces of Central America

Included Nicaragua, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala

In 1822 – Brazil declares Independence from Portugal The U.S. formally recognized the independence of these countries

By 1825 most of Latin America was free of European control

Why was Miguel Hidalgo important to the history of Mexico?

He led Mexico’s struggle for independence from Spain. Although he was defeated, Spain recognized that it could not maintain its rule over Mexico.

Monroe Doctrine Political Cartoon

Section 2: Dealing With Other Nations

The Monroe Doctrine In 1822, the United States recognized the independence

of Mexico and six former colonies in Latin America. European powers France and Russia wanted to help

Spain regain it colonies. In 1823, Britain suggested that the United States and

Britain join together to protect the Freedom of Latin America.

President James Monroe approved the plan but Secretary of State John Quincy Adams argued that acting jointly would make the United States look like Britain’s junior partner.

Section 2: Dealing With Other Nations

The Monroe Doctrine (cont) In December 1823, President Monroe announced what is

know called the Monroe Doctrine. The U.S. would not allow European nations to create new colonies or interfere with Latin America

This was the beginning of the special friendship that we share with England In truth, the U.S. was not strong enough to block

European interference The British Navy was

U.S. Foreign Policy was being enforced by England As U.S. power grew, the Monroe Doctrine boosted the

influence of the United States in Latin America.

What was Adams’s advice to Monroe?

He said that cooperation between the two countries would make the U.S. seem to be Britain’s junior partner.

Section 2: Dealing With Other Nations

Relations with Canada Britain faced its own challenges in Canada. Canada was still a British colony and in 1791, Britain divided

Canada into Upper and Lower Canada. Relations were tense with U.S. because of failed invasions

during war of 1812 The English learned a lesson from America.

After the 1837 rebellion, in an effort to stop further rebellion Britain rejoined the colony under the Act of Union of 1841. This helped Britain keep Canada, by giving Canadians more self government

Relations improved between Canada and the U.S. Border disputes were settled peacefully Eventually we established excellent relations

Why did Britain grant some self-government to Canada?

To stop rebellion and maintain Canada as a colony.

Section 2 Essential Question:

How did U.S. foreign affairs reflect new nation confidence?

The United States signaled that it was ready to take an active role in shaping events in the Western Hemisphere.