Chapter 10

Social Support

Partnership???

• ________ always exercise alone–

• This __________ with age

• ___________often exercise with someone

• Most active people are …..

What is Social Support??What is Social Support??

•

•A network of …. A network of ….

•

•

•

What is Social Support??What is Social Support??

• 11

•22

•33

•44

Barrea & Ainlay (1983)Barrea & Ainlay (1983)

Essentially, the measurement of social support has Essentially, the measurement of social support has taken three general approaches taken three general approaches 11

22

33

Social Support And PA Participation Social Support And PA Participation

Social Support And PA ParticipationSocial Support And PA Participation

• Social network resources:– – – –

Support appraisalSupport appraisal ? ?

attachmentattachment, , social integrationsocial integration, , opportunity for nurturanceopportunity for nurturance, , reassurance of worthreassurance of worth, , reliable alliancereliable alliance, , guidanceguidance, ,

Social Support And PA Participation Social Support And PA Participation

Support behaviorSupport behavior (e.g., Barrera, Sandler, & (e.g., Barrera, Sandler, & Ramsay, 1981). Ramsay, 1981).

Social Support And PA Participation Social Support And PA Participation

Social Support And PA ParticipationSocial Support And PA Participation

• Meta-analyses revealed the relationships between social support and …

• Intention:

• Self-efficacy: Self-efficacy:

• Attitude:

Adherence behavior isAdherence behavior is Why?Why?

Recall: Recall: Adherence = Adherence = Compliance = Compliance =

Social Support And PA Participation Social Support And PA Participation

Importance of Social Support??Importance of Social Support??

1. 1.

Social NetworkSocial Network

a.a.

b.b.

c. c.

Hanson et al. (1989) MeasuresHanson et al. (1989) Measures

Social SupportSocial Support

a.a.

b.b.

c. c.

Social InfluenceSocial Influence

Hanson et al. (1989) (continued)Hanson et al. (1989) (continued)

Availability of Availability of Emotional Emotional SupportSupport

Death from Death from

All CausesAll Causes

Hanson et al. (1989) (continued)Hanson et al. (1989) (continued)

Availability of Availability of Emotional Emotional SupportSupport

Death from Death from

All CausesAll Causes

Adequacy of Adequacy of Social Social

ParticipationParticipation

Hanson et al. (1989) (continued)Hanson et al. (1989) (continued)

Availability of Availability of Emotional Emotional SupportSupport

Death from Death from

All CausesAll Causes

Adequacy of Adequacy of Social Social

ParticipationParticipation

Living Living

AloneAlone

Blazer (1982)Blazer (1982)

MethodMethod

•

FoundFound

1.1.

2.2.

3.3.

4.4.

Importance of Social Support??Importance of Social Support??

1. Social support is related to mortality.1. Social support is related to mortality.

2. 2.

Riffle et al. (1989): FoundRiffle et al. (1989): Found

Perceived Social Perceived Social SupportSupport

Health Health Promoting Promoting BehaviorsBehaviors

Krause et al. (1993)Krause et al. (1993)

Do individuals experiencing more emotional Do individuals experiencing more emotional support exercise more frequently?support exercise more frequently?

Assessed:Assessed:

Krause et al. (1993): FoundKrause et al. (1993): Found

Perceived Perceived Emotional Emotional

supportsupport

More More Frequent Frequent ExerciseExercise

• Carron, Hausenblas & Mack Carron, Hausenblas & Mack (1996) meta analysis:(1996) meta analysis:

Social Support and Adherence Social Support and Adherence & Compliance Behavior& Compliance Behavior

FAMILYFAMILY AdherenceAdherence

• Carron, et al. (1996) meta Carron, et al. (1996) meta analysisanalysis

Social Support and Adherence Social Support and Adherence & Compliance Behavior (cont.)& Compliance Behavior (cont.)

IMPORTANT OTHERS’IMPORTANT OTHERS’ AdherenceAdherence

Social Support and Adherence Social Support and Adherence & Compliance Behavior (cont.)& Compliance Behavior (cont.)

Health-Related Health-Related BehaviorsBehaviors