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Ch1:The Context of SystemsAnalysis and Design Methods

Dr. Muhammad Qasim Rind

Professor

Department of statistics &

Information Systems

Tel 03235348020

Email: dr_rind@yahoo.com

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Objectives

To define information system and name seven types

of information system applications.

To identify different types of stakeholderswho useor develop information systems

To define role of systems analysts in thedevelopment of information systems.

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Objectives

To identify skills needed for Information

System Analyst.

To describe current business drivers that

influence information systems development.

To describe current technology drivers that

influence information systems development. To describe a simple  process for developing

information systems.

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Information System

What is a system?

System is a group of interrelated components that function

together to achieve a desired result.

What is Information System?

An information system (IS) is an arrangement of people, data,

processes, and information technology that interact to collect,

process, store, and retrieve information needed to support an

organization activity.

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Benefits of information systems

Increases business profit

Reduces business cost

Improves customer relations Increase efficiency of the organization

Improved decision making

great accuracy and reliability

improved security with greater capacity.

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Types of Information Systems

Transaction Processing System (TPS)

E.g. orders, time cards, payments and

reservations. Management Information System (MIS): It

uses transition data produces results as

desired by Manager.

Decision Support System (DSS): It provides

options to decision makers to take decisions.

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Information Systems

Expert System: It captures and reproduce

knowledge that helps in decision making.

Communications and Collaboration System: It enhances the communication and

cooperation between the people for better

business.

Office Automation System: It automates

office routine functions. Word processing,

spread sheets data bases and office

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Stakeholders in information systems

System Owners

System Users ± Internal system users

Clerical and service workers

Technical and professional staff 

Mangers

 ± External system users

Customers , Suppliers, Partners

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stakeholders in information systems

System Designers

 ± Database administrators

 ± Web architects

 ± Graphic artists

 ± Security experts

 ± Technology specialists

System Builders

 ± Application programmers

 ± System programmers

 ± Database programmers

 ± Network administrators

 ± Security administrators

 ± Web masters

 ± Software integrators

System Analysts

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The Role of A System Analyst

System analyst is a specialist who studies the

problems and needs of an organization. He determines people, data, processes, and

information technology to be used for the

improvement of a business.

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Collecting Requirements

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Painting the Right Picture

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Skills Needed by

the Systems Analyst

Working knowledge of information technology

Computer programming experience and expertise

General business knowledge

General problem-solving skills

Good interpersonal communication skills

Good interpersonal relations skills

Flexibility and adaptability Character and ethics

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The Systems Analyst as a Facilitator

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Business Drivers for Information Systems

Business factors forces in developing new information systems

Globalization of the Economy

Electronic Commerce and

Business

Security and Privacy

Collaboration and Partnership

Knowledge Asset Management

Continuous Improvement and Total Quality Management

Business Process Redesign

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Technology Drivers for Information Systems

Technology factors forces in developing new information

systems

Networks and the Internet

Mobile and Wireless Technologies

Object Technologies

Collaborative Technologies

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Technology Drivers

Enterprise Applications

 ± ERP

 ±SCM

 ± CRM

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Enterprise Applications

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System Development Process

A set of activities, methods, Procedures,

deliverables, and automated tools that

stakeholders use to develop and maintaininformation systems and software.

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A general problem-solving approach

1. Identify the problem.

2. Analyze and understand the problem.

3. Identify solution requirements

4. Identify alternative solutions and choose thebest course of action.

5. Design the chosen solution.

6. Implement the chosen solution.

7. Evaluate the result.

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A Simple System Development Process

Simplified System Development 

Process

General Problem-Solving Steps

System initiation 1. Identify the problem.

System analysis 2.  Analyze and understand the problem.

3. Identify solution requirements or 

expectations.

System design 4. Identify alternative solutions and choose

the ³best´ course of action.

5. Design the chosen solution.System implementation 6. Implement the chosen solution.

7. Evaluate the results. If the problem is not 

solved, return to step 1 or 2 as appropriate.

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System Development Process Overview

System initiation  the initial planning for a pro ject to define initial businessscope, goals, schedule, and budget.

System analysis  the study of a business problem domain to recommendimprovements and specify the business requirements and priorities forthe solution.

System design  the specification or construction of a technical, computer-based solution for the business requirements identified in a systemanalysis.

System implementation  the construction, installation, testing, and deliveryof a system into production.

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Pro ject and Process Management

Pro ject management  the activity of defining,planning, directing, monitoring, andcontrolling a pro ject to develop an acceptable

system within the allotted time and budget.

Process management  the ongoing activity thatdefines, improves, and coordinates the use of 

an organizations chosen methodology (theprocess) and standards for all systemdevelopment pro jects.

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Thanks

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