Chapter 1: Social Welfare, Past and Present
description
Transcript of Chapter 1: Social Welfare, Past and Present
Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole, Publishing
SOCIAL WORK AND SOCIAL WELFARE: AN INTRODUCTION by Ambrosino/ Shuttlesworth/ Heffernan/ Ambrosino
Chapter 1: Social Welfare, Past and Present
Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole, Publishing
Social Work: A Competency-Oriented Education
Council on Social Work Education (CSWE)
- Defines Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards (EPAs)
- Developed 10 “Core Competencies” and 41 Related “Practice Behaviors”
Every student should master the Practice Behaviors and Core Competencies before completing the program
Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole, Publishing
Resources Aligned to EPAS 2008
The Textbook –
- “Helping Hands” icons call attention to content that relates to Practice Behaviors and Competencies
- “Competency Notes” at the end of the chapter help put the Practice Behaviors and Competencies in practical context
Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole, Publishing
Resources Aligned to EPAS 2008 (cont’d)
The Practice Behaviors Workbook developed
with the text provides assignable exercises that assist in mastering the Practice Behavior and Competencies
Additional on-line resources can be found at: www.cengage.com/socialwork
Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole, Publishing
Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning. Brooks/Cole, Publishing
Chapter 1: Social Welfare, Past and Present
What is social welfare?The full range of organized activities of public and
voluntary agencies that seek to prevent, alleviate or
contribute to the solution of a selected set of social
problems
EP 2.1.3a
Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
Chapter 1: Social Welfare, Past and Present
Relationship between social welfare
and social work?Social work is the primary profession that works
within the social welfare system and with those
served by the system
EP 2.1.1a
Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole Publishing
Chapter 1: Social Welfare, Past and Present
The value base of social welfare -
Whose role is it to help those in need?Historical differences in value perspectives:• Judeo Christian humanitarianism• Laissez- faire economic doctrine • Residual and institutional perspectives
EP 2.1.3a, 2.1.8a
Chapter 1: Social Welfare, Past and Present
Role of English heritage in
the U.S. social welfare systemIn England:• Church and feudal system in early years• Could no longer handle number of poor during
Industrial Revolution • English Parliament responded by passing
Elizabethan Poor Law in 1601
EP 2.1.3a, 2.1.8a
Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole, Publishing
Chapter 1: Social Welfare, Past and Present
Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601• “Worthy poor” placed in almshouses (indoor relief)
• Able-bodied poor placed in prisons or workhouses• Guided philosophy of aid to poor in U.S. until Social
Security Act of 1935
EP 2.1.3a, 2.1.8aCopyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole, Publishing
Chapter 1: Social Welfare, Past and Present
Impact of Elizabethan Poor Law on U.S. social welfare policy
• Clear government responsibility for the poor• Government authority to force people to work and
families to care for their dependents• Local governments responsible for poor• Strict residency requirements
EP 2.1.3a, 2.1.8aCopyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole, Publishing
Chapter 1: Social Welfare, Past and Present
Social welfare in Colonial America• Philosophy of English Poor Law• Poor “warned out”• Indentured servitude and slavery• Indoor relief - assistance in homes of others, in
poorhouses, or in prisons
EP 2.1.3a, 2.1.8a
Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole, Publishing
Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole, Publishing
Chapter 1: Social Welfare, Past and Present
After the American Revolution• Outdoor relief - cash assistance in own home• New organizations to assist the urban poor:
- New York Society for the Prevention of Pauperism – “Friendly visitors”- Society for Improving the Conditions of the Poor- Charity Organization Society
EP 2.1.3a, 2.1.8a
Chapter 1: Social Welfare, Past and Present
Caring for specific populations• Dorothea Dix (military ill/insane) • Jane Addams/Hull House – social reform• Charity Organization Societies (“scientific charity”
and individual support)
EP 2.1.8b, 2.1.9b
Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole, Publishing
Chapter 1: Social Welfare, Past and Present
Great Depression and New Deal• First time federal government provided direct aid to
individuals• Established historical precedent for health and
welfare services• Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA)• Works Progress Administration (WPA)• Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
EP 2.1.8b, 2.1.9b
Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole, Publishing
Chapter 1: Social Welfare, Past and Present
Social Security Act (1935)• Most significant piece of social welfare legislation
ever passed in U.S. • Provided for:
- Social insurance (Social Security)- Public assistance (need-based, Aid to Dependent Children - ADC)- Health and welfare services
EP 2.1.8b, 2.1.9b
Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole, Publishing
Chapter 1: Social Welfare, Past and Present
Post-Social Security Era
Great Society Programs in 1960s:
• Medicare and Medicaid
• Civil Rights Act
• Economic Opportunity Act (Head Start)
Conservatism in 1970s and 80s
EP 2.1.8b, 2.1.9b
Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole, Publishing
Chapter 1: Social Welfare, Past and Present
Welfare Reform• Rapidly expanding welfare costs
• Era of conservatism
• More women in workforce
• Welfare devolution
• Family Support Act of 1988 - emphasis on work,
job training, child care, health care
EP 2.1.8b, 2.1.9b
Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole, Publishing
Chapter 1: Social Welfare, Past and Present
Clinton – “end welfare as we know it”• Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity
Reconciliation Act of 1996• Ended AFDC as national entitlement program• Replaced with Temporary Assistance for Needy
Families (TANF)• Stringent work requirements, maximum lifetime
benefit limit of 5 years • Limited benefits for unmarried mothers < 18
EP 2.1.8b, 2.1.9b
Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole, Publishing
Chapter 1: Social Welfare, Past and Present
G.W. Bush Years• Welfare roles reduced, but more working poor and
rapidly growing underclass• Economic downturn means fewer jobs, most without
benefits • Local communities feeling the brunt• Federal priorities not geared toward helping those in
need• Hurricane Katrina and beyond
EP 2.1.8b, 2.1.9bCopyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole, Publishing
Chapter 1: Social Welfare, Past and Present
The Obama Years• Hope that government would address social
welfare needs of underserved populations• Economic collapse in U.S. has worldwide impact• Federal government launched broad-scale
economic stimulus package• Landmark health care reform legislation passed• U.S. budget deficit reaches $1 trillion
EP 2.1.8a, 2.1.8b, 2.1.9b
Copyright © 2012 Cengage Learning, Brooks/Cole, Publishing