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Transcript of Chapter 1 | Slide 1 CHEM 110 Introduction to Chemical Principles I Please turn off or silence pagers...
Chapter 1 | Slide 1
CHEM 110
Introduction to Chemical
Principles I
Please turn off or silence pagers and cell phones.
Chapter 1 | Slide 2
CHE 110Introduction to Chemical Principles I
Instructor: Dr. Larry TirriOffice: CHE 218Lectures: 002 MTWR 12:15 PM – 1:45 PM
TBE B172Phone: 895-4281Email: [email protected]
or use WebCampus emailOffice Hours: MTWR 11:00 AM – 12:00 PM, MTWR 2:00 PM – 2:30 PM,
Chapter 1 | Slide 3
Introductions
Instructor: Dr. Tirri
Students: Nursing MajorsPursuing BSN
Diploma RN – Working Professionals
LPN, etc. – Working Professionals
Kinesiology, Food & Beverage Mgt.
Non-Science Major Science Lab Elect.
Others need CHE 121, CHE 122
Chapter 1 | Slide 4
Retention vs. Involvement
What is best way to approach learning? Reading Observing Studying Discussing Doing
Chemistry is a science, mastered by DOING !!!
Chapter 1 | Slide 6
© Gary Braasch/CORBIS
Basic Concepts of Matter
Volcano Burning and Erupting
Several Physical andChemical Changesoccur during thisProcess.
Chapter 1 | Slide 8
What is Chemistry ?
Scope: Broad, all encompassing
Advertisements frequently use terms such as Chemical Free and All Natural. Is this true?
Chapter 1 | Slide 9
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Classification Systems: Physical States
• Solid• Liquid• Gas
Properties:• Physical• Chemical• Hazardous / Toxic
Chapter 1 | Slide 10
Fig. 1.1 Solid, liquid, and gas states
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
David Schultz/Getty Images
Fig. 1.2 Water can be found in the solid, liquid, and vapor (gaseous) forms simultaneously.
Chapter 1 | Slide 11
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Solid:
Liquid:
Gas:
State of matter is dependent on temperature, pressure, strength of forces between particles
Chapter 1 | Slide 12
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Classification Systems: Physical States
• Solid• Liquid• Gas
Properties:• Physical• Chemical• Hazardous / Toxic
Chapter 1 | Slide 13
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Physical Properties: Physical State: dependent upon temperature and
pressure. Add heat to a solid. Add heat to a liquid.
Solid ↔ Liquid Melting Point Liquid ↔ Gas (vapor) Boiling Point
Chapter 1 | Slide 14
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
The melting of ice cream is a physical change involving a change of state; solid turns to liquid.
Phil Degginger/Color-Pic
Chapter 1 | Slide 15
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
MP oC BP oC
O2 -218 -183
N2 -210 -196
H2O 0 100
I2 114 184
Fe 1535 2885
Differences may distinguish one from another.
Chapter 1 | Slide 16
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Other Physical Properties: Color Odor Hardness Density Solubility
All Physical Properties are observed without changing the basic identity of the substance.
Chapter 1 | Slide 17
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Chemical Properties:Characteristic that describes the way a substance
Cu (copper) objects turns ________ when exposed to ____, ______ and ______
Au (gold) objects ___________ Fe forms ________(rust) when exposed to ______ and
____________ Ag (silver) ____________, ________
Chapter 1 | Slide 18
Fig. 1.3
The green color of the Statue of Liberty results from the reaction of copper with the components of air.
Andy Levin/Photo Researchers
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Chapter 1 | Slide 19
Fig. 1.5
As a result of chemical change, bright steel girders become rusty when exposed to moist air.
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Chapter 1 | Slide 20
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
C.C. 1.1 "Good" versus "Bad" Properties for a Chemical Substance
Chapter 1 | Slide 22
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Concept of Properties → Observed Changes Physical Changes – Change in physical appearance
• Solid → Liquid → Gas
• Solid → Gas Sublimation CO2 I2
Chemical Changes – Change in Chemical composition and changes in chemical properties.
4 Fe + 3 O2 → 2 Fe2O3
C + O2 → CO2
Chapter 1 | Slide 23
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Concept of Properties → Observed Changes Physical Changes – ____________________________
• _________ → _________ → ____________
• _________ → _____ ________ _____ ____
Chemical Changes – _________________________ and changes in ____________ properties.
Chapter 1 | Slide 25
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Pure Substances vs Mixtures A Pure Substance is _________________ that cannot
be _________ into other kinds of matter by any _____________ means.
A Mixture is a _________ ____________ of _____ or _______ pure substances in which each substance ___________ its own ___________ __________.
• Each substance
• ____________and ___________• ________________ composition
Chapter 1 | Slide 26
A magnet and a mixture consisting of potassium dichromate (orange crystals) and iron fillings.
(b) The magnet can be used to separate the iron fillings from the potassium dichromate.
James Scherer James Scherer
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Fig. 1.6a
Chapter 1 | Slide 27
Fig 1.7 Matter falls into two basic classes; pure substances and mixtures. Mixtures, in turn, may be homogeneous or heterogeneous.
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Chapter 1 | Slide 28
Fig 1.8 A pure substance can be either an element or a compound.
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Chapter 1 | Slide 29
Fig. 1.9
Questions used in classifying matter into various categories.
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Chapter 1 | Slide 31
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Fig. 1.10 Outward physical appearance of naturally occurring elements
________ _______
_______
______ ______ ____
Chapter 1 | Slide 32
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Fig. 1.11
Abundance of elements in the universe and in Earth’s crust (in atom percent)
Chapter 1 | Slide 33
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
C.C. 1.2 Elemental Composition of the Human Body
60.5% 25.7% 10.7% 2.4% 0.7% Other
Chapter 1 | Slide 34
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Table 1.1Elements in Red plus
As, Bi, Cr
Ag _________________
Au _________________
Cu _________________
Fe _________________
Hg _________________
K _________________
Na _________________
Pb _________________
Sn _________________
Chapter 1 | Slide 35
Fig. 1.12 A computer reconstruction of the surface of a sample of graphite (carbon) as observed with a scanning tunneling microscope. The image reveals the regular pattern of individual carbon atoms. The color was added to the image by computer.
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Image courtesy of Veeco Instruments Inc.
Chapter 1 | Slide 36
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Fig. 1.13
254 million atoms arranged in a straight line would extend a distance of approximately 1 inch.
Chapter 1 | Slide 37
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Fig 1.14 Molecular structure of (a) chlorine, (b) phosphorus, and (c) sulfur
Chapter 1 | Slide 38
Fig. 1.15 Depictions of various simple
heteroatomic molecules using models. Spheres of different sizes and colors represent different kinds of atoms.
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Chapter 1 | Slide 39
Example 1.2 Classify each of the following molecules as (1) diatomic, triatomic, etc. (2) homoatomic or heterotomic and (3) representing an element or a compound.
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Chapter 1 | Slide 40
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Practice Example 1.2 Classify each of the following molecules as (1) diatomic,
triatomic, etc. (2) homoatomic or heterotomic and
(3) representing an element of a compound.
Chapter 1 | Slide 41
Basic Concepts of Matter cont’d
Chemical Formulas Combination of ________ _________ to represent a
____________ or _____________ ______________ used to identify more than _____
________ of an __________ Parentheses used to represent a ________ of _______
that represent a ________, such as