Chapter 1 Scientific Investigation.
Transcript of Chapter 1 Scientific Investigation.
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1.1 Scientific Investigation
Penyiasatan Sainti f ik
Topic 1 Scientific Investigation
ITeach Science Form 4
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ITeach Science Form 4
Scientific InvestigationTopic 1 Scientific Investigation
Method Of Scientific Investigation
Conducting
scientific
investigation
a way scientist gathering information or solving
scientific problems by carrying out experiment in
a rational and systematic manner.
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ITeach Sains Tingkatan 4
Penyiasatan SaintifikBab 1 Penyiasatan Saintifik
Kaedah Penyiasatan Saintifik
Melakukan
penyiasatan
saintifik
Cara seseorang saintis mengumpulkan
maklumat atau menyelesaikan masalah saintifik
dengan menjalankan eksperimen secara rasional
dan sistematik.
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ITeach Science Form 4
Scientific InvestigationTopic 1 Scientific Investigation
Steps In A Scientific Investigation
Observing a
phenomenon
Indentifying the
problem
Indentifying the
variables
Forming a
hypothesis
Planning the investigation
a) Controlling the variablesb) Determine apparatus and
materials needed
c) Determine procedures
d) Determine method of data
collection and data analysis
Carrying out
the
investigation
Collecting dataAnalysing and interpreting
data
Making
conclusion
Writing a report
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ITeach Sains Tingkatan 4
Penyiasatan SaintifikBab 1 Penyiasatan Saintifik
Langkah-langkah Penyiasatan
Saintifik
Memerhati
fenomena
Mengenal pasti
masalah
Mengenal pasti
pemboleh ubah
Menentu
hipotesis
Merancang penyiasatan
a) Mengawal pemboleh ubahb) Menentukan radas dan
bahan yang diperlukan
c) Menentukan prosedur
d) Menentukan cara
mengumpul dan
menganalisis data
Melakukan
penyiasatan
Mengumpul
data
Menganalisis dan
mentafsirkan data
Membuat
kesimpulan
Menulis laporan
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Observing A Phenomena
ITeach Science Form 4
Scientific InvestigationTopic 1 Scientific Investigation
Method Of
Scientific
Investigation
Example Thermometer
100 ml
beaker
250 mlbeaker
100 ml
hot water
at 100C
The water in bo th the beakers do es not co ol at the
same rate. WHY???
Make an observation on a natural phenomena and
wonder why it happens
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Memerhati Fenomena
Kaedah
Penyiasatan
Saintifik
Contoh Termometer
100 ml
bikar
250 mlbikar
100 ml
Air panas
pada 100C
Air di d alam kedua-dua bikar menyejuk p ada kadar
berlainan . MENGAPA?
Memerhatikan fenomena semula jadi dan mengkaji
sebab-sebab ia berlaku
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Identifying The Problem
ITeach Science Form 4
Scientific InvestigationTopic 1 Scientific Investigation
Method Of
Scientific
Investigation
Example How does the exposed surface area of liquid
influences its rate of cooling
Why the
cooling rate of
the water in
bigger beaker
is faster ?
Ask question about what you observe and decide what
you want to investigate
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Mengenal Pasti Masalah
Kaedah
Penyiasatan
Saintifik
Contoh Bagaimanakah luas permukaan yang terdedah
mempengaruhi kadar penyejukan?
Mengapakah
kadar
penyejukan air di
dalam bikar yang
lebih besar
adalah lebih
cepat?
Menanya soalan tentang perkara yang diperhatikan dan
menentukan perkara yang ingin diselesaikan.
ITeach Sains Tingkatan 4
Penyiasatan SaintifikBab 1 Penyiasatan Saintifik
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Identifying The Variables
ITeach Science Form 4
Scientific InvestigationTopic 1 Scientific Investigation
Method Of
Scientific
Investigation
Manipulatedvariable
variable that we change tostudythe effect.
Responding
variable
variable that changes in response to the
change of manipulated variable.
Fixed
variable
variable that does not change throughout the
experiment.
Example
Variables are factorswhich affect the result of the
experiment
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Mengenal Pasti Pemboleh Ubah
Kaedah
Penyiasatan
Saintifik
Pemboleh ubah
yang
dimanipulasikan
Pemboleh ubah yang diubahkan untukmengkaji hipotesis.
Pemboleh ubah
yang bergerak
balas
Pemboleh ubah yang berubah dengan
perubahan pemboleh ubah yang
dimanipulasikan.
Pemboleh ubah
yang
dimalarkan
Pemboleh ubah yang tidak berubahsepanjang
eksperimen.
Contoh
Pemboleh ubah adalah faktoryang mempengaruhi
keputusan eksperimen.
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Penyiasatan SaintifikBab 1 Penyiasatan Saintifik
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Scientific InvestigationTopic 1 Scientific Investigation
Forming A Hypothesis
Method Of Scientific Investigation
Hypothesis is a statement that relates the manipulated variables and the
responding variables.
Eg : The larger the surface area, the higher the rate of cooling.
I think the bigger the
surface area, the higher
the rate of cooling
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Membuat Hipotesis
Kaedah Penyiasatan Saintifik
Hipotesis ialah satu pernyataan tentang hubungan antara pemboleh ubah
yang dimanipulasikan dengan pemboleh ubah yang bergerak balas.
Contoh : Semakin besar luas permukaan, semakin tinggi kadar penyejukan
Pada pendapat saya,
semakin besar luas
permukaan, semakin
tinggi kadar penyejukan.
ITeach Sains Tingkatan 4
Penyiasatan SaintifikBab 1 Penyiasatan Saintifik
T i 1 S i tifi I ti ti
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Planning Investigations
Method Of
Scientific
Investigation
ITeach Science Form 4
Scientific InvestigationTopic 1 Scientific Investigation
Make a step-by-step list (procedure)
How to control the variables?
What apparatus and materials are needed?
How to measure, collect, record, and analyse data?
250 m beaker
100 m beaker
hot water
stopwatch
thermometer
B b 1 P i t S i tifik
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Merancang Penyiasatan
Kaedah
Penyiasatan
Saintifik
Langkah-langkah/ Prosedur
Kaedah mengawal pemboleh ubah
Radas dan bahan yang diperlukan
Cara mengukur, mengumpul, mencatat, dan menganalisis
data
Bikar 250 m
Bikar 100 m
Air panas
Jam randik
Termometer
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T i 1 S i tifi I ti ti
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Carrying Out The Investigation
Method Of
Scientific
Investigation
ITeach Science Form 4
Scientific InvestigationTopic 1 Scientific Investigation
Carry out investigation according to the procedures
planned
Fill each
beaker with
100 m ofhot water
thermometer
Bab 1 Penyiasatan Saintifik
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Menjalankan Penyiasatan
Kaedah
Penyiasatan
Saintifik
Menjalakan penyiasatan dengan menggunakan
prosedur yang ditetapkan
Isikan 100 m airpanas ke dalamkedua-dua bikar
masing-masing
Termometer
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Topic 1 Scientific Investigation
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Observing And Collecting Data
Method Of
Scientific
Investigation
ITeach Science Form 4
Scientific InvestigationTopic 1 Scientific Investigation
Data are observed and recorded during experiment.
i. Observe and record initial temperature of each beaker.
ii. Start the stop-watch and record the final temperature after 5
minutes.
iii. Data collected are tabulated in tables.
Beaker Initial Temperature
100 m250 m
Temperature After 5 minutes
Bab 1 Penyiasatan Saintifik
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Memerhati Dan Mengumpulkan Data
Kaedah
Penyiasatan
Saintifik
Data diperhatikan dan dicatat semasa eksperimen.
i. Memerhati dan mencatatkan suhu awal dalam setiap bikar.
ii. Memulakan jam randik dan mencatatkan suhu akhir dalam kedua-
dua bikar selepas 5 minit.
iii. Data dikumpulkan dan direkod dalam jadual.
Bikar Suhu awal
100 m250 m
Suhu selepas 5 minit
ITeach Sains Tingkatan 4
Penyiasatan SaintifikBab 1 Penyiasatan Saintifik
Topic 1 Scientific Investigation
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Scientific InvestigationTopic 1 Scientific Investigation
Data collected are displayed in various form
Analysing And Interpreting Data
Method Of
Scientific
Investigation
Line graph
Bar chart
Histogram
Pie chart
0
5
10
15
20
25
A B AB O
no. of
student
type
of
blood
0
5
10
15
20
25
130-139 140-149150-159160-170
group O
group A
group
Bgroup AB
Temperature
Time
Beaker 250 ml
Beaker 100 ml
no. of student
Height
/cm
Blood group
Bab 1 Penyiasatan Saintifik
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Data yang telah dikumpul boleh dipamerkan
dalam pelbagai bentuk
Menganalisis Dan Mentafsirkan Data
Kaedah
Penyiasatan
Saintifik
Graf garis
Graf bar
Histogram
Carta pai
0
5
10
15
20
25
A B AB O
Bilangan
pelajar
Kumpulan
darah
Suhu
Masa
Bikar 250 ml
Bikar 100 ml
0
5
10
15
20
25
130-139 140-149150-159160-170
Bilangan pelajar
Tinggi
/cm
Kumpulan O
Kumpulan A
Kumpulan
BKumpulan AB
Kumpulan darah
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Penyiasatan SaintifikBab 1 Penyiasatan Saintifik
Topic 1 Scientific Investigation
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Scientific InvestigationTopic 1 Scientific Investigation
Making Conclusion
Based on analysis and interpretation make a conclusion
Example
The larger the surface area, the higher therate of cooling hypothesis is accepted.
Method Of Scientific Investigation
Check whether the hypothesis is accepted o not.
Bab 1 Penyiasatan Saintifik
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Membuat Kesimpulan
Kesimpulan dibuat berdasarkan analisis dan tafsiran.
Contoh
Hipotesis bahawa semakin besar luas
permukaan semakin tinggi kadar penyejukan
diterima.
Kaedah Penyiasatan Saintifik
Periksa sama ada hipotesis diterima atau ditolak.
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Penyiasatan SaintifikBab 1 Penyiasatan Saintifik
Topic 1 Scientific Investigation
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Scientific InvestigationTopic 1 Scientific Investigation
Aim :___________________________
___________________________
Hypothesis :___________________________
___________________________
Variable :___________________________
___________________________
Materials ___________________________
and apparatus :___________________________
Produce :1. ___________________________
2. ___________________________
3. ___________________________
Result / Tabulation :
Conclusion:___________________________
___________________________
Writing A ReportMethod Of Scientific
Investigation
Format
Bab 1 Penyiasatan Saintifik
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Tujuan :___________________________
___________________________
Hipotesis :___________________________
___________________________
Pemboleh ubah :___________________________
___________________________
Bahan dan radas:______________________________________________________
Kaedah :1. ___________________________
2. ___________________________
3. ___________________________
Keputusan / Jadual :
Kesimpulan:___________________________
___________________________
Menulis LaporanKaedah Penyiasatan
Saintifik
Format
ITeach Sains Tingkatan 4
Penyiasatan SaintifikBab 1 Penyiasatan Saintifik
Topic 1 Scientific Investigation
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Scientific Investigationp g
Procedure :
Result / Tabulation :
Conclusion :
J. Writing A ReportMethod Of Scientific
Investigation
Example
Of A
Report
Aim: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
To study the relationship between the ability of an object to float and sink
in water and its density.
Hypothesis: _____________________________________
_____________________________________
Higher density object is able to float in water whereas the lower density
object sink in water.
Variable : _____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
Manipulated variable : Different object.
Responding variable : Ability to float or sink.
Fixed variables : Type of water / Volume of object.
Materials _____________________________________
and apparatus : _____________________________________
Five cube of same volume (1cm3) but made of different material, water,
jar, Electronic balance.
1. ___________________________________Mass of each cube is measured with electronic balance and recorded.
2. ___________________________________Each cube is put into the jar.
3. ___________________________________The cube float or sink is observed and recorded.
Object Mass (g) Density (gcm3) Ability to sink / float
Iron
Plastic
Rubber
Lead
Wood
ITeach Science Form 4
Bab 1 Penyiasatan Saintifik
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Kaedah :
Keputusan / Jadual:
Kesimpulan:
Menulis LaporanKaedah Penyiasatan
Saintifik
Contoh
Laporan
Tujuan:_____________________________________
_____________________________________
Mengkaji hubungan antara keupayaan sesuatu objek untuk terapung
atau tenggelam dengan ketumpatannya.
Hipotesis:_____________________________________
_____________________________________
Objek yang kurang tumpat akan terapung manakala objek yang lebih
tumpat akan tenggelam dalam air.
Pemboleh ubah:_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
Pemboleh ubah yang dimanipulasikan : Objek berlainan
Pemboleh ubah yang bergerak balas : Objek terapung atau tenggelam
Pemboleh ubah yang dimalarkan : Jenis air/ isipadu objek
Bahan dan radas:_____________________________________
_____________________________________
Lima kiub yang diperbuat daripada bahan berlainan dengan isipadu
1cm3, air, bekas, penimbang elektronik
1. ____________________________________________Jisim setiap kiub ditimbang dengan menggunakan penimbang elektronik dan direkodkan.
2. ____________________________________________Setiap kiub dimasukkan dalam bekas.
3. ____________________________________________Kiup diperhatidan dan pemerhatian direkodkan
ITeach Sains Tingkatan 4
Penyiasatan Saintifiky
Objek Jisim (g) Ketumpatan(gcm 3)Terapung/tenggelam
Besi
Plastik
Getah
Plumbum
Kayu
Ketumpatan = Jisim
Isipadu
= Jisim
1 cm
Ketumpatan air = 1 gm -3
Kesimpulan
Objek yang kurang tumpat daripada 1g cm-3
akan terapung manakala objek yang lebih
tumpat daripada 1g cm-3akan tenggelam dalam
air.
3
Prosedur
Besi Plastik Getah Plumbum Kayu Bekas Air
http://d/My%20Documents/cikgu%20wan%20noraini/I-teach/ITEACH%20Science%20Form%204/Slide/Link/Chapter%201/Example%20Of%20A%20Report%20-%20Conclusion%20BM.ppthttp://d/My%20Documents/cikgu%20wan%20noraini/I-teach/ITEACH%20Science%20Form%204/Slide/Link/Chapter%201/Example%20Of%20A%20Report%20-%20Result,%20Tabulation,%20Interpretation%20Of%20Data%20BM.ppthttp://d/My%20Documents/cikgu%20wan%20noraini/I-teach/ITEACH%20Science%20Form%204/Slide/Link/Chapter%201/Example%20Of%20A%20Report%20-%20Procedure%20BM.ppthttp://d/My%20Documents/cikgu%20wan%20noraini/I-teach/ITEACH%20Science%20Form%204/Slide/Link/Chapter%201/Example%20Of%20A%20Report%20-Materials%20And%20Apparatus%20BM.ppthttp://d/My%20Documents/cikgu%20wan%20noraini/I-teach/ITEACH%20Science%20Form%204/Slide/Link/Chapter%201/Example%20Of%20A%20Report%20-%20Variable%20BM.ppthttp://d/My%20Documents/cikgu%20wan%20noraini/I-teach/ITEACH%20Science%20Form%204/Slide/Link/Chapter%201/Example%20Of%20A%20Report%20-%20Hypothesis%20BM.ppthttp://d/My%20Documents/cikgu%20wan%20noraini/I-teach/ITEACH%20Science%20Form%204/Slide/Link/Chapter%201/Example%20Of%20A%20Report%20-%20Aim%20BM.ppthttp://d/My%20Documents/cikgu%20wan%20noraini/I-teach/ITEACH%20Science%20Form%204/Slide/Link/Chapter%201/Method%20Of%20Scientific%20Investigation%20-%20Writing%20A%20Report.ppthttp://d/My%20Documents/cikgu%20wan%20noraini/I-teach/ITEACH%20Science%20Form%204/Slide/Link/Chapter%201/Method%20Of%20Scientific%20Investigation%20-%20Writing%20A%20Report.ppthttp://d/My%20Documents/cikgu%20wan%20noraini/I-teach/ITEACH%20Science%20Form%204/Slide/Link/Chapter%201/Method%20Of%20Scientific%20Investigation%20-%20Writing%20A%20Report.ppthttp://d/My%20Documents/cikgu%20wan%20noraini/I-teach/Desktop/ITEACH%20Science%20Form%204/Slide/Link/Chapter%201/Method%20Of%20Scientific%20Investigation%20-%20Writing%20A%20Report.ppthttp://d/My%20Documents/cikgu%20wan%20noraini/I-teach/ITEACH%20Science%20Form%204/Slide/Link/Chapter%201/Method%20Of%20Scientific%20Investigation%20-%20Writing%20A%20Report.ppthttp://d/My%20Documents/cikgu%20wan%20noraini/I-teach/Tamil/i-TEACH/Desktop/add%20maths%20F5/Program%20Files/I-teach/ITEACH%20Seni%20SPM/Slide/Link%20-%20Bab%201/Perisian%E2%80%93perisian%20grafik/Program%20Carta.ppt -
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1.2 Scientific Attitudes And Noble Values
Sikap Sainti f ik Dan Nilai Murn i
Topic 1 Scientific Investigation
ITeach Science Form 4
Topic 1 Scientific Investigation
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ITeach Science Form 4
Scientific Attitudes And Noble Values
Practising Scientific Attitudes And Noble Value
Interested and curious. Honest and accurate in recording and validating data.
Hardworking and persevering.
Responsible about safety of oneself, others and environment. Realize that science is mean to understand nature.
Appreciate the balance in nature.
Polite and respectful.
Thankful to God Critical and analytical thinking.
Flexible and open minded.
Kind-hearted and caring.
Think objectively.
Systematic.
Cooperative.
Fair and impartial. Brave.
Rational thinking.
Confident and independent.
Appreciate the contribution of science and technology
Bab 1 Penyiasatan Saintifik
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Sikap Saintifik Dan Nilai Murni
Amalan Sikap Saintifik Dan Nilai Murni
Minat dan bersifat ingin tahu. Jujur dan tepat semasa merekod dan mengesahkan data.
Rajin dan tabah.
Bertanggungjawab terhadap keselamatan diri dan rakan serta ke atas alam sekitar. Menyedari bahawa sains adalah salah satu cara untuk memahami alam.
Menghargai keseimbangan alam semula jadi.
Saling menghormati.
Mensyukuri kurniaan Tuhan. Berfikiran analitikal dan kritikal.
Berfikiran terbuka.
Baik hati.
Bersifat objektif.
Sistematik.
Berkerjasama.
Adil dan saksama. Berani mencuba.
Berfikiran secara rasional.
Yakin dan berdikari.
Menghargai sumbangan sains dan teknologi.
ITeach Sains Tingkatan 4
Topic 1 Scientific Investigation
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ITeach Science Form 4
Scientific Attitudes And Noble Values
Important To Practise Scientific Attitudes And
Noble Values In A Scientific Investigation
Science is always subject to correction andimprovement.
Positive scientific attitudes and noble values
will help to increase the development ofscientific and the chance to success in
scientific investigation.
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Kepentingan Amalan Sikap Saintifik Dan
Nilai Murni Dalam Penyiasatan Saintifik
Sains sentiasa tertakluk kepada pembetulan
untuk memperbaiki yang sedia ada menjadilebih baik.
Sikap saintifik yang positif dan nilai murni
yang baik membantu dalam pembangunansaintifik dan meningkatkan peluang untuk
berjaya dalam penyiasatan saintifik.
Sikap Saintifik Dan Nilai Murni