Chapter 1 Roadway Treatment Goals Treatment … Treatment Goals Treatment Goal Chart Treatment level...

Chapter 1 Roadway Treatment Goals

Treatment Goal Chart Treatment level Maps

Roadway Treatment Goals Due to the dynamic and diverse nature of winter weather and resultant road conditions, WSDOT maintenance personnel use a variety of methods and materials to help prevent snow and ice formation on state highways. Outcomes of snow and ice control treatments will vary, dependent upon severity of winter weather events, topography, traffic levels and speeds, and proximity to support facilities (i.e. liquid chemical storage tanks and salt stockpiles). While outcomes can be measured in a variety of ways, the motoring public most often measures maintenance efforts in terms of road conditions during and immediately after winter weather events. Maintenance personnel also rate roadway conditions during the winter season (see performance measure chapter). This information is used to project expected road conditions associated with snow and ice treatment levels for different events. The unique nature of individual winter weather events limits the relevance of projected expectations on a given storm, but when ratings from an entire winter season are averaged, they become a good indicator of the Level of Service (LOS) provided by maintenance personnel over the entire season. Winter climates differ greatly between Eastern and Western Washington, so road treatment levels may vary on either side of the Cascades to match the ability to respond to those conditions. Limited funding also requires prioritization of roads for snow and ice control, so that different levels of service will be employed for individual roads and sections of roads. Eastern Washington Treatment Goals: In Eastern Washington periodic snowfall events are typical and freezing temperatures and relatively drier conditions may persist for the duration of the winter season. The winter maintenance program (labor, equipment, and materials) is sized and developed to facilitate the movement and safety of traffic under normal expected winter conditions. The exceptional winter weather event in Eastern Washington is typically a wide spread ice storm or a snowstorm of severe intensity and duration. The Snow and Ice program is funded and equipped based primarily on historical records and the average winter conditions collected and compared over time. When occasional extreme winter weather occurs, the program cannot provide the accustomed level of service because existing resources are insufficient for this type of event. Since these types of events happen infrequently, it would be inefficient management of resources to size and base a winter maintenance program for the exceptional winter weather event. Western Washington Treatment Goals: In Western Washington the winter season typically lasts from late November thru early March. The weather is generally cool and wet with occasional ice or snow events. The winter maintenance program (labor, equipment, and materials) is sized and based to facilitate the movement and safety of traffic under normal expected winter conditions. This will typically be when temperatures drop and create black ice or frost conditions. A light to moderate snowfall event may also occasionally take place. These are typically characterized by localized events. The exceptional winter weather event in Western Washington is going to be a heavy snowstorm, short in duration over a wide geographic area. The Snow and Ice program is funded and equipped based primarily on historical records and the average winter conditions collected and compared over time. When the occasional heavy snow storm occurs, the program cannot provide the accustomed level of service because existing resources are insufficient for

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this type of event. Since these types of events happen infrequently, it would be inefficient management of resources to size and base a winter maintenance program for the exceptional winter weather event. Other Facilities: The primary function and mission of the Snow and Ice program is response to roadway conditions in order to keep traffic moving and to provide for the accustomed level of service. WSDOT recognizes that there are other facilities besides state highways that may rely upon state forces for winter response in order to keep those facilities functional. These can include WSDOT Ferries parking lots, Park & Ride lots, WSDOT regional and area facility lots and some sidewalks that were constructed using Federal Funds. In all cases, response to roadway conditions will take precedence over any such activities, and these facilities will be handled on a “as conditions allow” basis. This may mean that such facilities will remain unmaintained until such time that all roadways in any given region are clear, level of service goals are met, and normal movement of goods and services is restored.

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Treatment Level Goals

Washington State Department of Transportation Description of Roadway Treatment Actions

Level 1

1. Pre-event: Pre-treat roadway with anti-icing chemicals if conditions are appropriate for such treatment. Monitor the treatment for effectiveness and for the need to reapply.

2. During event: Apply deicing chemicals to roadway during a snow event to keep snow and

ice from accumulating and bonding to the pavement and to expedite the process of mechanical removal. If compact snow or black ice forms on the roadway, apply pre-wet solid chemicals to break the snow/ice bond and to assist the process of mechanical removal.

3. Post-event: Continue snow and ice removal operations including chemical and mechanical

methods until bare pavement is achieved.

Level 2

1. Pre-event: Maintain the same as higher priority roadways after those roadways have been treated and as resources allow.

2. During event: Apply deicing chemicals to roadway during a snow event to keep snow and

ice from accumulating and bonding to the pavement and to expedite the process of mechanical removal. If compact snow or black ice forms on the roadway, apply pre-wet solid chemicals to break the snow/ice bond and to assist the process of mechanical removal.

3. Post Event: Return pavement to bare and wet condition as soon as practical using plowing

as the primary operation with moderate use of pre-wet materials to assist snow and ice removal.

Level 3


2. During event: Apply deicers on first passes when and where necessary to keep snow and ice

from accumulating. Subsequent passes should rely primarily on plowing with the moderate use of pre-wet materials to assist mechanical snow and ice removal.

3. Post event: Return pavement to bare and wet condition as soon as practical using plowing


Level 4


2. During event: Apply deicers on first passes when and where necessary to keep snow and ice

from accumulating. Subsequent passes should rely primarily on plowing with the moderate use of pre-wet materials to assist mechanical snow and ice removal.

3. Post event: Return pavement to bare and wet condition as soon as practical using plowing


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Note: The use of abrasives, either alone or in combination with salt is allowable at all levels when conditions are appropriate for such use. This would include, but not be limited to conditions too cold for the effective use of salt, heavy snow or black ice where maintaining traction is a concern and on subsequent passes.

Level 5 (Until closed for the season.)

1. Pre-event: Maintain the same as higher priority roadways after those roadways have been

treated and as resources allow.

2. During event: Apply deicers on first passes when and where necessary to keep snow and ice from accumulating. Subsequent passes should rely primarily on plowing with the moderate use of pre-wet materials to assist mechanical snow and ice removal.

3. Post event: Return to bare and wet as resources allow.

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JeffersonJefferson

IslandIsland

ThurstonThurston

101

18

18

169

169

167

167

161

161

16

16

7

7

410

410

516

516

509

509

405

99

99

520

522

522

522

524104

2

2

525

101

104

20

5

20

99

SnohomishSnohomish

5

OR HQ

COUPEVILLE

510

TNB

KENT

OR HQ

LOFALL

RENTON

MONROE

TACOMA

CORSON

NWR HQ

SHELTON

MOTTMAN

WILLOWS

BUCKLEY

PRESTON

SPOKANE ST.

EVERETT

ENUMCLAW

BELLEVUE

WSDOT HQ

WALKER MT.BALLINGER

ARLINGTONCOUPEVILLE

LAKEGENEVA

PORTORCHARD

DISCOVERY BAY

ClallamClallam JeffersonJefferson

ClallamClallam

KingKing

MasonMason

KitsapKitsap

3

9

507

202

99

18

16

169

522

104

203

525

1658

106

509

162

302

516

167

164

524

19

305

520

512

108

527

119

116

531

900

303

92

515

160

96

181

307

166

529

526

528

308

518

163

300

513

304

102

523

599

519

302s

104

99

304

16

167

900

101

5

90

405

705

5

90

5

5OL

NW

PUGET SOUND REGIONTREATMENT LEVEL GOALS

0 73.5Miles

Puget Sound RegionSnow and Ice Plan

Roadway Treatment Goals

Latest version: 11/01/2012Supersedes Previous Editions

Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5

WSDOT Maintenance FacilityRegional BoundaryCounty Boundary

Treatment Level GoalsCity Responsibility

9

109

5

503

1497

7

105

504

1212

20

101

101

101

405

5

ELMA

YELM

KELSO

FORKS

SEKIU

ALDER

HAZEL

ALGER

OR HQ

BINGEN

TOLEDO

MORTON

LOFALLMONROE

TACOMA

SWR HQ

NASELLE

SHELTON

MOTTMAN

WILLOWS BUCKLEY

SHUKSAN

RAYMOND

EVERETT

WOODLAND

ENUMCLAW

NEWHALEM

CHEHALIS

ABERDEENWSDOT HQ

CATHLAMET

WASHOUGAL

WALKER MT

SKYKOMISH

ARLINGTON

VANCOUVER

MT VERNON

GREENWATER

COAL CREEK

COUPEVILLE

GOLDENDALE

BELLINGHAM

AMANDA PARK

MAPLE FALLS

MT ST HELENS

FARGHER LAKE

PORT ANGELES

DISCOVERY BAY

KingKing

LewisLewis

ClallamClallam

PiercePierce

KlickitatKlickitat

JeffersonJefferson

SnohomishSnohomish

PacificPacific

SkamaniaSkamania

Grays HarborGrays Harbor

CowlitzCowlitz

MasonMason

ClarkClark

KitsapKitsap

ThurstonThurston

IslandIsland

WahkiakumWahkiakum

SkagitSkagit

WhatcomWhatcom

San JuanSan Juan20

14

4

112

410

7

542

9

503

504

6

105

530

507

109

142

508

141

161

500

11

8

103

505

162

123

539

548

706

411

510

401

108

506

110

501

119

547

532

113

702

544

546

107

122

432

502

536

534

100

409

20s

503s

102

197

115

131

14

9

121

542

101

12

2

97

101

5

90

WESTERN WASHINGTONTREATMENT LEVEL GOALS

0 2512.5Miles

Western WashingtonSnow and Ice Plan





Treatment Level GoalsCity Maintained

97

20

20

20

2020

20

97

2

2

2

2

2828

21

21

21

174

155

27

27

90

90

97

2231

395

395

25

17

17

82

82

82

12

12

12

395

395

26

26

261

21

195

195

90

27

27

125

2424

14

14

395

542

18

202

203

165

706

92

131

169

YAKIMAYAKIMA

OKANOGANOKANOGAN

GRANTGRANT

FERRYFERRY

CHELANCHELAN

KITTITASKITTITASADAMSADAMS

BENTONBENTON

WHITMANWHITMAN

LINCOLNLINCOLN

STEVENSSTEVENS

DOUGLASDOUGLASSPOKANESPOKANE

FRANKLINFRANKLIN

PEND OREILLEPEND OREILLE

WALLA WALLAWALLA WALLA

ASOTINASOTINCOLUMBIACOLUMBIA

GARFIELDGARFIELD

IONE

HYAK

TWISP

BERNE

PASCO

ER HQ

ORIENT

WILBUR

ODESSA

GEIGER

DAYTON

EASTON

GEORGE

CHELAN

COLFAX

SCR HQ

NCR HQ

HUNTERS

SPRAGUE

PULLMAN

NEWPORT

POMEROY

ANATONE

CONNELL

PROSSER

RIMROCK

OTHELLO

BLEWETT

EPHRATA

REPUBLIC

BREWSTER

TONASKET

COLVILLE

BULLFROG

OKANOGAN

NORTHPORT

RITZVILLE OAKESDALE

WASHTUCNA

CLARKSTON

TOPPENISH

MANSFIELD

DAVENPORT

COTTONWOOD

ELLENSBURG

CAMP MASON

MOSES LAKE

WATERVILLE

N. SPOKANE

EAST SELAH

COULEE CITYLEAVENWORTH

WALLA WALLA

GROUSECREEK

KELLERFERRY

ELECTRIC CITY

PINES ROAD

90

82 182

2

12

97

395

195

97a

730

2

2

297

28

26

25

410

2117 27

24

23

155

124

231

129

174

260

22

172

240

291

153

261

243127

31

221

821

241

262

203

125

165

194

290

904

272

10

206

211

971

283164

706

902

173

225

397

281970

224

903

270

900

263

271

150

215

292

823

278

282

207

223

170

906

131

274

26

169

92

171

EASTERN WASHINGTONTREATMENT LEVEL GOALS

0 2512.5Miles

Eastern WashingtonSnow and Ice Plan





Treatment Level Goals

Chapter 1 Roadway Treatment Goals Treatment … Treatment Goals Treatment Goal Chart Treatment level...

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