NATIVE PEOPLES OF AMERICA, TO 15001. How did environmental change shape the

transition from Paleo-Indian to Archaic

ways of life?

2. What were the principle differences

among the Native American cultures that

emerged after 2500 B.C.?

3. What significant values and practices did

North American Indians share, despite their diversity?

C H A P T E R 1

The First Americans,

c. 13,000 – 2500 BC

Peopling New Worlds

Land Bridge

MEGAFAUNA!!!

Reciprocity

Paleo-Indian

The First Americans,

c. 13,000 – 2500 BC

Archaic SocietiesAs the temperature warmed, Native Americans began

to establish permanent villages

They created gender roles for hunting and gathering

The First Americans,

c. 13,000 – 2500 BC

Archaic Societies

Was there any kind of stigma for being a gatherer rather than a hunter?

Cultural Diversity,

c. 2,500 B.C.E. – 1500 C.E

Mesoamerica and South America

Mayans (150 B.C.E. – 900 C.E) Aztecs (1100 – 1522) Inca ( 15,000 B.C.E. - 1530s)

Cultural Diversity,

c. 2,500 B.C.E. – 1500 C.E

The Southwest

Hohokam (1 – 1450) Anasazi (1 – 1300)

What most likely caused the downfall of these civilizations?

DROUGHT!

The Southwest then became populated

by the non-farming Apaches and

Navajos

Cultural Diversity,

c. 2,500 B.C.E. – 1500 C.E

The Eastern WoodlandsCahokia

Cultural Diversity,

c. 2,500 B.C.E. – 1500 C.E

Non-farming Societies

Pacific Coast California

Alaskan Harpoon

Great Plains

North American Peoples on

the Eve of European Contact

Kinship and Gender• Many Native Americans lived in extended families

“Fighting was more for pastime than for

conquering and subduing enemies”

North American Peoples on

the Eve of European Contact

Spiritual and Social Values

Sun Dance Ritual

Medicine Wheel