Chapter 1 Moral

1

MORAL EDUCATION

MPW 2153

CHAPTER 1:

UNDERSTANDING MORALS

UNDERSTANDING MORALS

DefinitionDefinition

Ethics Values

Morals

Morality

Normative Statement

Descriptive Statement

Basic ConceptOf Ethics


Akhlak

Forms* Instrumental value*Intrinsic value * Instrumental value*Intrinsic value

*Subjective value*Objective value*Subjective value*Objective value

*Relative value*Absolute value*Relative value*Absolute value

Basic ConceptOf Value

FunctionsContexts

CONTENT

1.1 Definition of - Ethics - Morals

- Morality - Akhlak

1.2 Statement - Normative - Descriptive

1.3 Basic Concept of Value

1.4 Types of Moral Value Compared - Instrumental and Intrinsic - Subjective and Objective - Relative and Absolute

It is a moral principles that govern or influence a person behavior

According to William Lillie, (1957: 1-2) ethics is a science of the conduct of human beings living in societies which, also judge this conduct to be right or wrong.

Ethics Ethics

It is responsible determining a person action, whether good or bad..

Ethics Ethics

Ethics -a guide in human life. medical ethics means a code applied by medical practitioner to organize and regulate the doctor-patient relationship.

ValuesValues

values is moral or professional standards of behaviour.

For example : Professional value such as knowledge, creativity, innovativeness etc.

Morals Morals

Moral is teaching, regulation group and resolution, oral or written about how the person should live and act so that it becomes a good person.

It concerned with the principles of:• Right and wrong behaviour, • Able to understand the differences between right and wrong,• Teaching or illustrating right behaviour, • Practical lesson that a story, an event or an experience teaches.

MoralityMorality

It means principles concerning right and wrong or good and bad behaviour.

For example, baby who is the newborn or children at level before experiencing the process of learning, doesn't have the moral feeling. Similarly with the crazy person.

AkhlakAkhlak

Literally, it means attitude, culture, and wealth.

Technically, it means the condition of soul that will regulate the human beings.

Akhlak is also a study on how to clean up soul from bad morals and to equip the soul with good and respected morals.

For example, student has to respect their lecturers

It means verifying the differences between facts and values apart from concerning the statements, which enlightened the value judgment on how a person should behave. It can be divided into :1. Normative Statements2. Descriptive Statements

Basic Concept of Ethics

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MORAL AND VALUES

MORAL

-Something that relate the human values & behaviour

VALUES

-Family oriented, things you learned at home

-Moral is universal, not written. I.e respect, tell truth

-Not universal, different in different family

-Can’t change -Family values change acc. To time, place

-Comes from story…ie. The Boy who cried wolf

-Not written, I.e. friends, go back home



Normative StatementsNormative Statements Descriptive StatementsDescriptive Statements

*Normative Statements*Normative Statements

A type of statement that is either justifiable or unjustifiable values judgment. These may include true or false, good or

bad, truth or lies, acceptable or unacceptable.

Example:1. Incest is an immoral act.

2. A good person never involve in corruption3.Abortion is immoral act

There is a normative stateme-direct effect towards behaviour.

Example:1. We should help those in need. Therefore, we should be kind toward those in need.2. Each individual have a right to ownership. Therefore we should not deprived of other person belongings without permission.

Normative statement in form of instruction or order.

Example:1. Observe the school’s regulation.2. No parking. A fine RM 1000

* Descriptive Statement * Descriptive Statement

•A type of statement which is free from any value judgment. •Also known as Non-Normative Statement*, •it was made on factual basis.

Example:1. The fire is hot.2. The color of car is red.

Basic Concept of Value Basic Concept of Value

Value is:• belief and the confidence a person towards to the other person •institution which obeys regulation, the choice and primary value of society.

Value: -Principle of formation of attitude, -Perception of motivation, -Attitude that is shown by a person -Symbol to something to rely on a person whether positive or negative

Functions

• Shows the direction to a person how he should behave

towards others,

• As a guide in conflicts resolution, and in making decision.

EXAMPLE

He will be encouraged to

take care

And appreciate life himself and

others.

If Ahmad appreciates value loves

For example : If Ahmad appreciates value loves

the life, he will be encouraged take care and appreciate life itself and others.

Types of Moral Values Compared Types of Moral Values Compared

The term ‘value’ is used in three different context :

Value as a measure

Value as an attribute Value in axiology context

Value as an attribute.

Time is money

Time can’t be

increased

when it passes,

you cannot

chase it.

Value as an attribute

Value as a measure of price or of marks assigned to something, example of quantity

the total marks (quantity) given to the officer by the head of department when the latter assessed your work

performance

Instrumental (Extrinsic) Values

-Quality received or rejected as instrumental to achieve certain objective.

-Dependent on other value to achieve certain objective.

Intrinsic Value

-Quality received or rejected solely because it is good or bad without considering its effect. -Not dependent on other values to achieve certain objective.

TYPES OF VALUES COMPARED

Example OF Extrinsic value:

a) Bombing of Hiroshima to end the Second World War. b) Imposing the death penalty for drug traffickers to stamp out drug trafficking activities.

EXTRINSIC VALUES

Example of Intrinsic value:

A judge passes a ‘death by hanging sentence’ on a person found guilty of trafficking drugs purely because it is obligatory for the judge to do so, according to the provision of the law, and not because the

judge himself also wishes to stamp out the trafficking of drugs.

INTRINSIC VALUES

Subjective Values and Objective ValuesThese values are used to show the relationship between values.

Subjective Values -Quality accepted or rejected by someone who gives his views.

-Accepted or rejected on the basis of an individual’s opinion.

Objective Value-Quality that may be valuable or not valuable but free from personal choice.

-Accepted or rejected onthe basis of a set of criteria agreed upon by all or a majority of people.[collective]


Example :

The USA’s desire to attack Iraq. Britain said that the US should attack Iraq for the sake of long-term peace in the world so that Iraq could not continue to produce weapons of mass destruction. France, on the other hand, said that the US should not attack Iraq because such an attack Iraq because such an attack would sacrifice the lives of many innocent people in Iraq.

Example :

a) War is a horrible tragedy b) Child labour is a cruel practice which must be abolished.


Example Example

Relative Values and Absolute Values.

Relative Values

-Value accepted or rejected by regulations in a society in order to achieve certain societal objective. -It is arbitrary, not perfect, and differs in other society. Can change with time.

Absolute Value

-Value the worth of which is not related to the customs of a certain society. -Generally accepted and tested or proven to be good or bad. -Constant at all times and in all places and in almost all norms of society.

Example (AbsoluteValue)

Living as a legally married couple is a good practice.

Example (relative Value)

-In Kuala Lumpur, a family can develop only through an official marriage of a couple -On the other hand, in California, a family can be formed without an official marriage.

Chapter 1 Moral

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