Chapter 1 : Methods and Concepts in Biology

IMPORTANT DATESWrite on your Agenda!

Safety and CP Contract Due- Sept. 9

Bonus #1- Sept. 23

CP #1- Sept. 30

Bonus #2- October 14

CP #2- October 21

Vocabulary Words for Chapter 1:

1. Metabolism

2. Homeostasis

3. Evolution

4. Species

5. Genes

Reading Assignment: pg. 6-9

Let’s Review!

HPM = LPDLPM HPD

HPM = LPDLPM HPD

HPM = LPDLPM HPD

HPM = LPDLPM HPD

What is Biology?

• Biology – “the study of life”– From the Greek: bios = life; logos = study of

I. WHAT DO ALL LIVING CREATURES HAVE IN COMMON?

?WHAT IS LIFE?

7 FEATURES OF LIVING CREATURES

General Information

• There are probably 40 million unique types of organisms (species) on the Earth. Scientists have named and described perhaps 1.5 million

• Earth's age is estimated at 4.5 - 5 billion years

• First life appears 3.5 billion years ago

1. Cells and Genetic Material

• composed of cells or cell fragments

• cells come from existing cells

• contain DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) instructions for new life

A Great Example of the Power of Genetics….

2. Reproduction• Transfer of hereditary information to the

next generation

• Essential b/c no organism lives forever

• Of course, individuals can have problems reproducing offspring and still be considered living…

3. Metabolism• All chemical reactions that are carried out

by the cells of living things

• Metabolic reactions include making energy from sugar…. which gives off heat- This is how we maintain a 98º internal temp

What is the original energy source for all of life?

4. Mutation of Inheritable Traits• Mutation – any random change in the

genetic material (DNA)

• Organisms adapts to their environment by evolving (changing over time)

• Organisms evolve over successive generations to survive changing environments

5. Sense and Respond to Environment

• Homeostasis - maintaining constant internal environment in spite of external changes

• Ex. Body temperature, glucose regulation and hunger, circadian (sleep) rhythms

6. Growth and Development

• increase in the size and/or number of cells.

• maturation and differentiation of cells

• Cells develop unique functions – brain cell, kidney cell, bone cell, liver cell, skin cell…

7. Interdependence• depending on other organisms and

environment as a source of energy or materials

• Dependence of food, shelter, energy, oxygen

GSMC MRI• To help you guys remember these 7

features

• Good Samaritan Medical Center

• MRI – a scan you might get at a hospital

Levels of Organization

1. Subatomic particle – N, P, E2. Atom- Smallest unit of matter3. Compound- 2 or more atoms4. Organelle- parts of a cell that have a specific function5. Cell – smallest living unit6. Tissue- groups of cells7. Organ- groups of tissues8. Organ System- groups of organs9. Multicellular Organism10. Population- group of individuals from same species11. Community – groups of different species12. Ecosystem- living and non living members of a community13. Biosphere – includes all living things on earth

Simplest

Most complex

MORE PREFIXES• lac – milk (lactose, lactation)

• hyper – above (hyperglycemic, hyperactive)

• iso – middle or equal (isometric, isotonic)

• hypo – below (hypothyroid, hypoallergenic)

• a – not, without (asymmetric, atrophy)

• geo – land (geography,biogeochemical)

• auto – self (automobile, autobiography)

• graph – write (telegraph, autograph)

• troph – food (trophic level, heterotrophic)

SHORT HAND SYMBOLS

• ∆ - change

• ≈ - approximate

• w/ - with

• w/o – without

• @ - at

• b/c – because

• mybp – million years before present

• bybp – billion years before present

Branches of Biology• Anatomy (internal structure)• Cytology (cells)• Histology (tissues)• Biochemistry (biological reactions)• Physiology (internal function)• Genetics (heredity)• Embryology (development)• Biotechnology (genetic engineering)• Parasitology (parasites)• Taxonomy (classification)• Ethology (behavior)• Immunology (immunity)• Ecology (environment)• Pathology (disease)• And so many more!!!!!!

V. Biology as a ScienceI. Human History

A. Early humans or close ancestors (300,000-200,000 ybp) - Neanderthals & Homo sapiens var. Neanderthalensis* They disappear in the fossil records around 35,000 ybp

B. Homo sapiens var. sapiens (100,000 ybp) replace the Neanderthals – possibly a case of outwit

C. 10,000 years ago to present (Advanced Civilizations)- Major Change in human behavior- Agriculture and Domestication – role of women

II. Science is a form of curiosityA. Observations lead to experimentation and ultimately to

understanding1. The first type of experiment: Trial and Error2. Little planning for the future b/c of daily stresses

B. Man’s initial interests were geared towards taming his environment1. First experiments: health, weapons, clothing, housing…2. Kaopectate, Raspberry Leaves, Aspirin…

C. After survival needs are met, experiments can be done in other areas to “make life better.”

- math, astronomy, writing, art, music…

III. The Scientists

A.Early Scientists1. Names – shaman, witch doctors

- They were both doctors and ministers

2. “There is no knowledge that is not POWER”

3. The spirit world and the physical world were closely associated:

Magic, herbs, spirits, religion, superstition…

B. Modern Scientists = 1640 A.D.Galileo 1. “All knowledge is in

vain without the confirmation of experimentation”

2. NOT white-coated madmen

3. 90% of all scientists are alive today

4. Use of the scientific method

Microscope Quiz TopicsWrite these down!

• Microscope parts and their functions

• Skills Test- Can you focus at low,

medium and high?

• Calculating total magnification

• Microscope Maintenance (how to care for it)

• Microscope Calculations

– Find field of view diameter (know formula)

– Determine size of object

Chapter 1 Test Topics• Prefixes, suffixes, and roots (from notes and homework• Vocabulary (1-5)& Text Pages (6-9)• All Notes• Branches of Biology• Levels of Organization (13)• History of Humans and Scientists• Safety Symbols (from binder)• 7 Features of Living Creatures (GSMC MRI)• Neanderthal Video• Worksheets (Analyzing Science Words w/ added prefixes,

Neanderthal Video questions, Branches of Bio)• NO MICROSCOPE STUFF

Bingo!1. cell

2. biosphere

3. homeostasis

4. metabolism

5. shaman

6. community

7. lac

8. organ

9. organelle

10. hyper

11. cotyle

12. DNA

13. mutation

14. troph

15. tissue

16. ecosystem

17. phyllon

18. Neanderthal

19. anatomy

20. histology

21. physiology

22. ethology

23. Homo sapiens sapiens

24. spora