Electronic Structure of Atoms Chapter 4 Electronic Structure of Atoms.
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Transcript of Chapter 1: Matter and ChangeMatter and Change Chapter 2: Measurements and CalculationsMeasurements...
Chapter 1: Matter and Change
Chapter 2: Measurements and Calculations
Chapter 3: Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
Chapter 4: Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms
Chapter 5: The Periodic Law
Chapter 6: Chemical Bonding
Chapter 7: Chemical Formulas and Chemical Compounds
Chapter 8: Chemical Equations and Reactions
Lecture
LectureChapter 9: Stoichiometry
Chapter 10: States of Matter
Chapter 11: Gases
Chapter 12: Solutions
Chapter 13: Ions in Aqueous Solutions and Colligative Properties
Chapter 14: Acids and Bases
Chapter 15: Acid-Base Titration and pH
Chapter 16: Reaction Energy
LectureChapter 17: Reaction Kinetics
Chapter 18: Chemical Equilibrium
Chapter 19: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
Chapter 20: Electrochemistry
Chapter 21: Nuclear Chemistry
Chapter 22: Organic Chemistry
Chapter 23: Biological Chemistry
Visual ConceptsChapter 1: Matter and Change
Chapter 2: Measurements and Calculations
Chapter 3: Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
Chapter 4: Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms
Chapter 5: The Periodic Law
Chapter 6: Chemical Bonding
Chapter 7: Chemical Formulas and Chemical Compounds
Chapter 8: Chemical Equations and Reactions
Visual ConceptsChapter 9: Stoichiometry
Chapter 10: States of Matter
Chapter 11: Gases
Chapter 12: Solutions
Chapter 13: Ions in Aqueous Solutions and Colligative Properties
Chapter 14: Acids and Bases
Chapter 15: Acid-Base Titration and pH
Chapter 16: Reaction Energy
Visual ConceptsChapter 17: Reaction Kinetics
Chapter 18: Chemical Equilibrium
Chapter 19: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
Chapter 20: Electrochemistry
Chapter 21: Nuclear Chemistry
Chapter 22: Organic Chemistry
Chapter 23: Biological Chemistry
Visual Concepts
• Chemistry
• Chemical
• Types of Research
• Matter
• Atom
• Element
• Molecule
• Compounds
• Comparing Extensive and Intensive Properties
Chapter 1: Matter and Change
Visual Concepts
Chapter 1: Matter and Change
• Liquid• Gas• Plasma• Chemical Reaction• Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties• Comparing Chemical and Physical Changes• Energy and Chemical Reactions• Classification Scheme for Matter
Visual Concepts
Chapter 2: Measurements and Calculations
• Scientific Method
• Qualitative and Quantitative Data
• Hypothesis
• Models
• SI (Le Systéme International d´Unités)
• Volume
• Measuring the Volume of Liquids
• Equation for Density
• Conversion Factor
Visual Concepts
Chapter 2: Measurements and Calculations
• Accuracy and Precision
• Significant Figures
• Rules for Determining Significant Zeros
• Rules for Rounding Numbers
• Scientific Notation
• Direct and Inverse Proportions
Visual Concepts
Chapter 3: Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
• Chemical Reaction
• Law of Conservation of Mass
• Law of Definite Proportions
• Law of Multiple Proportions
• Atom
• Parts of the Atom
• Thomson’s Cathode-Ray Tube Experiment
• Millikan’s Oil Drop Experiment
Visual Concepts
Chapter 3: Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
• Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment
• Nuclear Forces
• Atomic Number
• Mass Number
• Isotopes and Nuclides
• Average Atomic Mass
• The Mole
• Avogadro’s Number
• Molar Mass
Visual Concepts
Chapter 4: Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms
• Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Photoelectric Effect
• Quantization of Energy
• Energy of a Photon
• Absorption and Emission Spectra
• Bohr Model of the Atom
• Comparing Models of the Atom
• De Broglie and the Wave-Particle Nature of Electrons
Visual Concepts
Chapter 4: Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms
• Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
• Electron Cloud
• Quantum Numbers and Orbitals
• Electron Configuration
• Aufbau Principle
• Pauli Exclusion Principle
• Orbital Notation
• Reading Electron-Configuration Notation
• Noble-Gas Notation
Visual Concepts
Chapter 5: The Periodic Law
• Periodic Table Overview
• Relating Period Length and Sublevels Filled
• Blocks of the Periodic Table Based on Sublevel
• Atomic Radius
• Ion
• Ionization
• Electron Affinity
Visual Concepts
Chapter 5: The Periodic Law
• Comparing Cations and Anions
• Ionic Radius
• Valence Electrons
• Electronegativity
Visual Concepts
Chapter 6: Chemical Bonding
• Chemical Bond
• Ionic Bonding
• Covalent Bonding
• Comparing Polar and Nonpolar Covalent Bonds
• Using Electronegativity Difference to Classify Bonding
• Molecule
• Chemical Formula
Visual Concepts
Chapter 6: Chemical Bonding
• Structure of a Water Molecule
• Comparing Monatomic, Diatomic, and Polyatomic Molecules
• Bond Length
• Bond Energy
• The Octet Rule
• Electron-Dot Notation
• Lewis Structures
• Lone Pair of Electrons
Visual Concepts
Chapter 6: Chemical Bonding
• Structural Formula
• Comparing Single, Double, and Triple Bonds
• Atomic Resonance
• Characteristics of Ion Bonding in a Crystal Lattice
• Lattice Energy
• Comparing Ionic and Molecular Compounds
Visual Concepts
Chapter 6: Chemical Bonding
• Comparing Monatomic, Polyatomic, and Diatomic Structures
• Metallic Bonding
• Properties of Metals: Surface Appearance
• Properties of Metals: Malleability and Ductility
• Properties of Metals: Electrical and Thermal Conductivity
Visual Concepts
Chapter 6: Chemical Bonding
• VSEPR and Basic Molecular Shapes
• VSEPR and Lone Electron Pairs
• Hybrid Orbitals
• Dipole-Dipole Forces
• Dipole-Induced Dipole Interaction
• Hydrogen Bonding
• London Dispersion Force
Visual Concepts
Chapter 7: Chemical Formulas and Chemical Compounds
• Reading Chemical Formulas
• Naming Monatomic Ions
• Naming Ionic Compounds
• Naming Compounds Using the Stock System
• Naming Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions
• Naming Covalently-Bonded Compounds
Visual Concepts
Chapter 7: Chemical Formulas and Chemical Compounds
• Naming Compounds Using Numerical Prefixes
• Naming Binary Acids
• Naming Oxyacids
• Salt
• Prefixes and Suffixes for Oxyanions and Related Acids
• Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers
Visual Concepts
Chapter 7: Chemical Formulas and Chemical Compounds
• Formula Mass
• The Mole
• Molar Mass
• Molar Mass as a Conversion Factor
• Percentage Composition
• Comparing Molecular and Empirical Formulas
Visual Concepts
Chapter 8: Chemical Equations and Reactions
• Chemical Equation
• Signs of a Chemical Reaction
• Reading a Chemical Equation
• Symbols Used in Chemical Equations
• Interpreting Chemical Equations
• Balancing a Chemical Equation by Inspection
• Synthesis Reactions
Visual Concepts
Chapter 8: Chemical Equations and Reactions
• Electrolysis
• Combustion Reaction
• Activity Series
Visual Concepts
Chapter 9: Stoichiometry
• Stoichiometry
• Molar Mass as a Conversion Factor
• Conversion of Quantities in Moles
• Mass and Number of Moles of an Unknown
• Mass-Mass Calculations
• Limiting Reactants and Excess Reactants
• Comparing Actual and Theoretical Yield
Visual Concepts
Chapter 10: States of Matter
• Kinetic Molecular Theory
• Properties of Gases
• Fluid
• Comparing Diffusion and Effusion
• Diffusion in a Liquid
• Surface Tension
• Capillary Action
• Freezing
Visual Concepts
Chapter 10: States of Matter
• Melting Point
• Melting
• Types of Basic Crystalline Systems
• Types of Crystals
• Comparing Cohesion and Adhesion
• Vaporization and Condensation
• Equilibrium
• Equilibrium and Vapor Pressure
Visual Concepts
Chapter 10: States of Matter
• Factors Affecting Equilibrium
• Shifts in the Equilibrium Due to the Application of Heat
• Comparing Volatile and Nonvolatile Liquids
• Comparing Sublimation and Deposition
• Phase Diagram
• Structure of a Water Molecule
Visual Concepts
Chapter 11: Gases
• Pressure
• Equation for Pressure
• Barometer
• Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
• Equation for Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
• Boyle’s Law
• Equation for Boyle’s Law
• Charles’s Law
Visual Concepts
Chapter 11: Gases
• Absolute Zero
• Equation for Charles’s Law
• Gay-Lussac’s Law
• Equation for Gay-Lassa's Law
• Equation for the Combined Gas Law
• Combined Gas Law
• Gay-Lussac’s Law of Combining Volumes of Gases
• Avogadro’s Law
Visual Concepts
Chapter 11: Gases
• Using Gay-Lussac’s Law of Combining Volumes of Gases and Avogadro’s Law to Find Mole Ratios
• Gas Stoichiometry
• Equation for the Ideal Gas Law
• Ideal Gas Law
• Comparing Diffusion and Effusion
• Graham’s Law of Effusion
• Equation for Graham’s Law of Effusion
Visual Concepts
Chapter 12: Solutions
• Solutions
• Solutes, Solvents, and Solutions
• Types of Solutions
• Suspensions
• Colloids
• Emulsions
• Dissolving Process
• Factors Affecting the Rate of Dissolution
• Solution Equilibrium
Visual Concepts
Chapter 12: Solutions
• Solubility of a Solid in a Liquid
• Like Dissolves Like
• Comparing Miscible and Immiscible Liquids
• Pressure, Temperature, and Solubility of Gases
• Henry’s Law
• Effervescence
• Concentration
• Preparation of a Solution Based on Molarity
• Comparing Molarity and Molality
Visual Concepts
Chapter 13: Ions in Aqueous Solutions and Colligative
Properties
• Rules for Solubility
• Precipitation Reactions
• Net Ionic Equation
• Ionization
• Comparing Dissociation and Ionization
• Hydronium Ion
• Comparing Volatile and Nonvolatile Liquids
Visual Concepts
Chapter 13: Ions in Aqueous Solutions and Colligative
Properties
• Freezing-Point Depression
• Boiling-Point Elevation and the Presence of Solutes
• Semipermeable Membrane
• Osmosis
Visual Concepts
Chapter 14: Acids and Bases
• Properties of Acids
• Naming Oxyacids
• Properties of Bases
• Arrhenius Acids and Bases
• Strength and Weakness of Acids and Bases
• Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
• Comparing Monoprotic and Polyprotic Acids
Visual Concepts
Chapter 14: Acids and Bases
• Lewis Acids and Bases
• Comparing Arrhenius, Brønsted-Lowry, and Lewis Acids and Bases
• Conjugated Acids and Bases
• Amphoterism
• Neutralization Reaction
• Acid Precipitation
• Chemical Weathering
Visual Concepts
Chapter 15: Acid-Base Titration and pH
• pOH
• Comparing pH and pOH
• Antacid
Visual Concepts
Chapter 16: Reaction Energy
• Equation for Specific Heat
• Entropy
• Equation for Free-Energy Change
• Relating Enthalpy, Entropy, and Free-Energy Changes
• Comparing Enthalpy and Entropy
Visual Concepts
Chapter 17: Reaction Kinetics
• Chemical Equation
• Reaction Mechanism
• Activation Energy and Chemical Reactions
• Catalyst
• Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts
• Rate Law
• Rate-Determining Step
Visual Concepts
Chapter 18: Chemical Equilibrium
• Equilibrium and Vapor Pressure
• Chemical Equilibrium
• Le Chatelier's Principal
• Factors Affecting Equilibrium
• Common-Ion Effect
• Cation Hydrolysis
• Using Solubility Product Constants
• Solubility Product Constant
• Solubility Product Constant
Visual Concepts
Chapter 19: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
• Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers
• Oxidation
• Reduction
• Half-Reaction Equation
• Rules for the Half-Reaction Method
Visual Concepts
Chapter 20: Electrochemistry
• Electrochemical Cell
• Parts of an Electrochemical Cell
• Half-Cell
• Half-Reaction Equation
• Voltaic Cell
• Battery
• Parts of an Acidic and Alkaline Battery
• Electrode Potential
Visual Concepts
Chapter 20: Electrochemistry
• Electrolytic Cell
• Electroplating
• Parts of a Rechargeable Cell
• Electrolysis
• Electrosynthesis of Sodium
Visual Concepts
Chapter 21: Nuclear Chemistry
• Nuclear Binding Energy
• Nuclear Reaction
• Electron Capture
• Comparing Alpha, Beta and Gamma Particles
• Half-Life
• Decay Series
• Parent and Daughter Nuclides
• Rules for Nuclear Decay
Visual Concepts
Chapter 21: Nuclear Chemistry
• Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Radiation
• Radiometric Dating
• Radioactive Tracer
• Nuclear Chain Reaction
• Critical Mass
• Nuclear Fusion
Visual Concepts
Chapter 22: Organic Chemistry
• Catenation
• Saturated Hydrocarbons
• Alkane
• Cycloalkanes
• Naming Unbranched Alkanes
• Alkyl Groups
• Using Prefixes to Name Organic Compounds
• Fractional Distillation in Refineries
Visual Concepts
Chapter 22: Organic Chemistry
• Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
• Alkene
• Naming Alkenes
• Alkyne
• Aromatic Hydrocarbon
• Benzene
• Functional Group
• Alcohol
Visual Concepts
Chapter 22: Organic Chemistry
• Alkyl Halide
• Ether
• Types of Amines
• Substitution Reaction
• Addition Reaction
• Elimination Reaction
Visual Concepts
Chapter 23: Biological Chemistry
• Carbohydrates
• Monosaccharides
• Disaccharides
• Cation Hydrolysis
• Anion Hydrolysis
• Types of Lipids
• Amino Acid
• Formation of Dipeptides and Polypeptides
Visual Concepts
Chapter 23: Biological Chemistry
• Proteins
• Sickle Cell Anemia
• Enzyme
• Photosynthesis
• Chlorophyll a and b
• Linking Photosynthesis and Respiration
• Comparing ADP and ATP
• Energy Yield in Aerobic Respiration
Visual Concepts
Chapter 23: Biological Chemistry
• Cellular Respiration
• Nucleic Acid
• Examples of Nucleotides
• DNA Overview
• Gene
• DNA Replication
• Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
• Comparing DNA and RNA
Visual Concepts
Chapter 23: Biological Chemistry
• Types of RNA
• Genetic Code
• Genetic Engineering
• DNA Fingerprint
• Making a DNA Fingerprint
• Polymerase Chain Reaction
• Cloning
• Using Plasmids to Produce Insulin
Image BankChapter 1: Matter and Change
Chapter 2: Measurements and Calculations
Chapter 3: Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
Chapter 4: Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms
Chapter 5: The Periodic Law
Chapter 6: Chemical Bonding
Chapter 7: Chemical Formulas and Chemical Compounds
Chapter 8: Chemical Equations and Reactions
Image BankChapter 9: Stoichiometry
Chapter 10: States of Matter
Chapter 11: Gases
Chapter 12: Solutions
Chapter 13: Ions in Aqueous Solutions and Colligative Properties
Chapter 14: Acids and Bases
Chapter 15: Acid-Base Titration and pH
Chapter 16: Reaction Energy
Image BankChapter 17: Reaction Kinetics
Chapter 18: Chemical Equilibrium
Chapter 19: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
Chapter 20: Electrochemistry
Chapter 21: Nuclear Chemistry
Chapter 22: Organic Chemistry
Chapter 23: Biological Chemistry
Standardized Test PrepChapter 1: Matter and Change
Chapter 2: Measurements and Calculations
Chapter 3: Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
Chapter 4: Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms
Chapter 5: The Periodic Law
Chapter 6: Chemical Bonding
Chapter 7: Chemical Formulas and Chemical Compounds
Chapter 8: Chemical Equations and Reactions
Standardized Test PrepChapter 9: Stoichiometry
Chapter 10: States of Matter
Chapter 11: Gases
Chapter 12: Solutions
Chapter 13: Ions in Aqueous Solutions and Colligative Properties
Chapter 14: Acids and Bases
Chapter 15: Acid-Base Titration and pH
Chapter 16: Reaction Energy
Standardized Test PrepChapter 17: Reaction Kinetics
Chapter 18: Chemical Equilibrium
Chapter 19: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
Chapter 20: Electrochemistry
Chapter 21: Nuclear Chemistry
Chapter 22: Organic Chemistry
Chapter 23: Biological Chemistry