Chapter 1 Fundamental of Environmental Health
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Transcript of Chapter 1 Fundamental of Environmental Health
8/11/2019 Chapter 1 Fundamental of Environmental Health
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-1-fundamental-of-environmental-health 1/7
10/3/2013
Shaping Society
The Revolutionary of Life
Mohd Amir Bin ArshadDepartment of Environmental Health & Occupational Safety
Faculty of Biomedical & Health Sci encesUniversiti Selangor
Introduction to
Environmental HealthMPD 1212
Chapter 1Introduction to EH
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• Name?• Nickname?• From
where?• Hobby?
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1. Continuous Assessment [40%]Tests
AssignmentMidterm examination
2. Final Examination [60%]
Course Assessment
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• Define health, public health andenvironmental health
• Understand the objectives ofenvironmental health
• Describe the environmental health issueslocal and internationally
Course Learning Outcomes
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8/11/2019 Chapter 1 Fundamental of Environmental Health
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Definition: Environment
• ‘…[All] that which is external to individual
human host. [It] can be divided intophysical, biological, social cultural any orall of which can influence health status inpopulations.’ (WHO, 1995 )
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Definition: Health
• Health is a state of complete physical,mental and social well-being and notmerely the absence of disease or infirmity.
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• Public health is "the science and art ofpreventing disease, prolonging life andpromoting health through the organizedefforts and informed choices of society,organizations, public and private,communities and individuals.
Definition: Public health
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• Addresses all the physical, chemical, andbiological factors external to a person, andall the related factors impacting behaviors.It covers the assessment and control ofthose environmental factors that canpotentially affect health. (WHO, 2012)
Definition: Environmental Health
8/11/2019 Chapter 1 Fundamental of Environmental Health
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Studies the impact of theenvironment on populations
health
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• To strengthening and improving
environmental quality and health.
• Prolonged the quality of life
The Objective
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Soil Erosion
Deforestation
Habitat destruction
Drinking water
Water Pollution
pesticides
Heavy metals
Groundwater pollution
Typhoid fever
Hepatitis A
CholeraLead poisoning
Wastewater
Recreational Waters
Air Quality
Ozone depletion
Global warming
Asthma
Lung cancer
Carbon monoxide
Radon gas
Solid waste
Food Sanitation
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Population Perspective
Individual
Family
Community, nation
Human population
A l l P o p u
l a t i o n s
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• Children, women, the elderly, the disabled,indigenous people
Vulnerable groups
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Elements of environment
Chemical Air pollutiontoxic waste,pesticides,industrial
discharges
PhysicalIonizing
radiation,noise,
lighting,vibration
BiologicalBacteria,microbes,poisonousplants and
animals
PsychosocialBeliefs,habits,
religion,education,lifestyles
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Bophal Disaster
In 1984, the accidentalrelease of 40 metric tons ofmethyl isocyanate (MIC)from a Union Carbidepesticide plant in the heartof Bhopal, India killedthousands of people and
injured hundreds ofthousands.
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Chernobly Incident, 26 April 1986
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400 times more radiation thanAtomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima
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Estimated, it will take20,000 years to be
completely safe
“Ghost Town”
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• Pesticides - chemicalsthat manufactured forreducing populations ofundesirable organisms(pests).
• E.g. herbicides &insecticides.
• Most pesticides kill non-target organisms as wellas the target.
• Disease transmitted byinsects or otherarthropods.
• E.g. mosquitoes(dengue), rodent(leptospirosis).
Pesticides Vector-borne diseases
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• Diseases that transmittedthrough drinking water.
• Drinking untreated water.
• E.g. polio virus, hepatitis A virus, Salmonella,Shigella, cholera,dysentery.
• Recreational areas.
• Diseases transmitted inor on food.
• E.g. agents are thebacteria Salmonella,Escherichia.
• Routinely inspect foodservice.
Water-borne d iseases Food-borne diseases
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• Exposure to lead are
anemia, birth defects,bone damage,neurological damage,kidney damage.
• Exposure is by ingestionand inhalation.
• Children are particularlyat risk.
• Diseases including lung
cancer & perhaps heartdisease.
• Contains 4, 000substances.
• EPA classified as a Class A carcinogen.
Lead Poisoning Tobacco smoke
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• Arises naturally from theearth & sometimesoccurs at dangerouslevels in buildings andhomes.
• Breathing can cause lungcancer.
• Population growth maybe a sociological hazard.
• Living in a society whereone experiences noise,lack of privacy andovercrowding.
Radon Gas Stress
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• Earthquakes, floods,hurricanes, tornadoes,typhoons, and volcaniceruptions.
• Biological, psychologicaland sociological hazardsmay increase following anatural disaster
• Reaches humans asshort wave length energythat can damage cells byionization.
• One of the result overexposure to UV radiationis skin cancer.
Disaster Ultraviolet radiation
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Any Questions?
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• Morgan, M.T. (Ed). 2003. Environmental Health. 3rd Edition.Thomson Wadworth. Australia
• W.H . Bassett, 2004. Clay’s Handbook of EnvironmentalHealth. Nineteenth edition.
• World Health Organization (2012). Environmental Health.
• Allison Robinson, 2001. University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania. Introduction to Environmental Health.
• Jonathan M. (2006). Introduction to Environmental Health.Johns Hopkins University
References