CHAPTER 1 Copyright © 2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
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CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 1 Copyright © 2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
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Transcript of CHAPTER 1 Copyright © 2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1
Copyright © 2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Copyright © 2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
• It must contain a subjectsubject, which tells you who or what the sentence is about.
CHAPTER 1: Sentence Basics
A group of words must pass three tests in order to be called a sentencesentence:
• It must contain a predicatepredicate, which tells you what the subject is or does.
• It must express a complete thoughtcomplete thought.
GabriellaGabriella lives in lives in Manhattan.Manhattan.
Gabriella Gabriella lives in lives in Manhattan.Manhattan.
Copyright © 2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
• An action verbaction verb describes the action in a sentence.
CHAPTER 1: Sentence Basics
Two types of verbsverbs make up all sentences:
• A linking verblinking verb links the subject of the sentence to words that describe or rename it.
dance drive writedance drive write
appear be become appear be become
is seem wereis seem were
Copyright © 2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
• The subject of a commandcommand is always understood to be youyou.
CHAPTER 1: Sentence Basics
It can be hard to find the subject and verb in certain types of sentences:
• In a questionquestion, the verb comes before the subject. To find the subject and verb, rewrite the question as a statement.
Give me that Give me that book.book. VerbVerb
Danielle was Danielle was home.home.
SubjectSubject Verb Verb
Was Danielle Was Danielle home?home?
[You[You]] SubjectSubject
Copyright © 2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
• In a herehere or or there there sentencesentence, the verb also comes before the subject. HereHere or therethere is never the subject.
CHAPTER 1: Sentence Basics
It can be hard to find the subject and verb in certain types of sentences:
My afternoon goes there.My afternoon goes there.
SubjectSubject Verb Verb
There goes my afternoon.There goes my afternoon.
(Continued)
Copyright © 2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
• Every sentence must start with a capital letter.
CHAPTER 1: Sentence Basics
There are two important rules for writing a sentence correctly:
• Every sentence must end with a punctuation mark (a period, question mark, or exclamation point).
The neighbors are getting The neighbors are getting loud.loud.
The neighbors are making such a The neighbors are making such a racket!racket!
Copyright © 2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
• Compound subject
CHAPTER 1: Sentence Basics
A sentence can have more than one subject or more than one verb (or both at once):
• Compound verb
Danielle and DarrylDanielle and Darryl were were home.home.
The boxes have been The boxes have been packed, labeled, packed, labeled, and shipped.and shipped.
Copyright © 2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
• DON’TDON’T separate a subject from a predicate with a comma.
CHAPTER 1: Sentence Basics
There are several guidelines for using commas in a compound sentence:
• DON’TDON’T put a comma between two parts of a compound subject or verb.
The woman riding the brown horse, is my The woman riding the brown horse, is my sister.sister.
Jamil, and Katy got engaged last Jamil, and Katy got engaged last week.week.
Copyright © 2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
CHAPTER 1: Sentence Basics
There are several guidelines for using commas in a compound sentence:
• DODO use a comma when a compound has three or more subjects or verbs.
My boss, her assistant, and I arrived My boss, her assistant, and I arrived early for the meeting.early for the meeting.
This morning she jogged three miles, This morning she jogged three miles, lifted weights, and stretched.lifted weights, and stretched.
(Continued)
Copyright © 2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
• A plural nounplural noun names more than one person, place, thing, or idea.
CHAPTER 1: Sentence Basics
A nounnoun is a word that labels a person, place, thing, or idea.
• A proper nounproper noun names a specific person, place, thing, or idea and begins with a capital letter.
The The tigerstigers are hungry. are hungry.
The tiger is named The tiger is named ShepShep..
Copyright © 2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
• A possessive nounpossessive noun shows ownership. An apostrophe (’’)and an -s-s are used to form the possessive.
CHAPTER 1: Sentence Basics
A nounnoun is a word that labels a person, place, thing, or idea.
Shep’sShep’s home is in northeast home is in northeast Asia.Asia.
Tigers’Tigers’ main food source is wild main food source is wild pig.pig.
(Continued)
Copyright © 2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
• A pronoun may be a subject
CHAPTER 1: Sentence Basics
PronounsPronouns can replace nouns, making writing less repetitive.
II, you, he, she, , you, he, she, it, we, they, it, we, they, whowho
me, you, him, me, you, him, her, it, us, them, her, it, us, them, whomwhom
• A possessive pronoun may stand alone
• A pronoun may be an object
mine, yours, his, mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs, hers, ours, theirs, whosewhose
my, your, his, her, my, your, his, her, its, our, their, its, our, their, whosewhose
• A possessive pronoun may accompany a noun
Copyright © 2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
• In compounds with a noun and a pronoun, it can be hard to figure out whether to use a subject pronoun or an object pronoun. To make it easier, cross out the noun.
CHAPTER 1: Sentence Basics
PronounsPronouns can replace nouns, making writing less repetitive.
(Continued)
Kyoko and Kyoko and (I, me)(I, me) went to a went to a concert.concert.((II, me), me) went to a concert. went to a concert.
Kyoko and Kyoko and II went to a concert. went to a concert.
Copyright © 2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
• Contractions use apostrophes. Possessive pronouns do not.
CHAPTER 1: Sentence Basics
Soundalike words, called homonymshomonyms, can cause confusion about when to use apostrophes.
• Possessive nouns use apostrophes. Possessive pronouns do not.
You’reYou’re out of out of youryour mind. mind.
The The robot’srobot’s metal hand reached out and metal hand reached out and scratched scratched itsits head. head.
Copyright © 2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
• Never use an apostrophe to form a plural noun (even if it sounds like a possessive noun).
CHAPTER 1: Sentence Basics
Soundalike words, called homonymshomonyms, can cause confusion about when to use apostrophes.
The coal The coal minersminers went out on strike and went out on strike and the the steelworkers’steelworkers’ union voted to join union voted to join them.them.
(Continued)
THETHE ENDENDPractice the skills you learned in this chapter by taking the Chapter Review QuizChapter Review Quiz or the GED Practice QuizGED Practice Quiz.
CHAPTER 1: Sentence Basics
Copyright © 2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
