Chapter 1- Civics TextRoots of American Government

andChapter 8- American History Text

Confederation to Constitution

4 3 2 1

In addition to a 3 student was able to

explain and analyze the important

documents and philosophies that

influenced the creation of the

constitution.

Student was able to explain the important

documents and philosophies that

influenced the creation of the constitution.

Student was able to identify the important

documents and philosophies that

influenced the creation of the constitution.

Student was able to partially identify the

important documents and philosophies that

influenced the creation of the constitution.

Learning Goal 7 : Students will be able to explain the important documents and philosophies that influenced the creation of the constitution.

- Magna Carta

- English Bill of Rights

- Mayflower Compact

- Articles of Confederation

- John Locke (natural law, social contract)

- Montesquieu (separation of power)

Scale:

Civics Textbook: “Government and Society”- Text p. 5

Cue Notes

four reasons why society needs a government

1. Law and Order

Government makes laws to protect citizens and punishes those who break the law. Examples: Police and courts enforce the laws. Without law and order a society could have anarchy (absence of government).

2. SecurityGovernment provides defense and protection to its citizens from foreign nations, other members of society, businesses, and from themselves. In return a citizen gives allegiance to their country.

Examples: Armed Forces, laws restricting what people or businesses can do.

3. Public Services

Government provides services that people can’t provide for themselves that help to make a society run more smoothly. Examples: Building roads, making sure our food and water are safe, trash collection, disaster relief.

4. Maintaining Other Institutions

Government helps to create and protect other areas of our society that are important to the citizens.

Examples: Protecting a citizen’s basic freedoms (freedom of speech and religion), providing health care, retirement payments (social security), public schools.

Illustrate the 4 Reasons for Government

• Divide your paper into 4 squares.

• Label each square with one of the reasons for government.

• Draw a picture in each square that represents that reason for government.

•

Law and Order Security

Other Institutions Public Services

Civics Textbook: “Types of Government”- Text p. 7 and 17

Key Word Notes

Monarchy

Absolute

Constitutional

The power to govern is in the hands of a monarch (king, queen, emperor, sultan, czar). The power of government is inherited (passed down) through the members of one family. Usually rule for life.

The monarch has all the power to make laws and decisions. They stayin power because they have the support of other powerful families inthe country (nobles).

Example- Saudi Arabia

Monarch Laws(King, Queen, Emperor, Czar, Sultan)

The monarch is only a figurehead. Their position in the government is ceremonial. They have no real power. The power in government is held by an elected group of lawmakers. Example- Great Britain

Monarch Constitution Law Making Body Laws(Congress, Assembly, Parliament)

Civics Textbook: “Types of Government”- Text p. 7 and 17

Key Word Notes

Dictatorship

Autocracy

Oligarchy

The government is controlled by a ruler or a small group of people who have absolute power and unlimited authority. Many dictators come to power by way of a coup or a violent overthrow of the old government. They rule until they die, or are removed from power.

Dictatorship by one person.

Dictatorship by a small group. Many times Oligarchies will turn into autocracies.

Dictator

PoliceMilitary

Laws

GroupPolice

Military

Laws

Civics Textbook: “Types of Government”- Text p. 7 and 17

Key Word Notes

Democracy

Republic

Direct

The power of government is shared by all the people in a country. The power of government is transferred through an election process.

Representative (Republican) Democracy- Citizens of a country elect other citizens to act as their representative for a set number of years or term of office. Romans

Direct Democracy- Laws and decisions in a country are voted on directly by people. Ancient Greeks

Citizens Election Elected Representative Government Laws

Citizens Citizens Citizens

Illustrate the 3 types of Government• Use the back of the 4 square paper you made for the

reasons for government.

• Label each square with one of the types of government.

• Draw a picture in each square that represents each type of government.

•

Democracy Dictatorship

Monarchy Anarchy

Magna Carta (The Great Charter)- 1215

Took power away from the King John of England and gave it to the nobles/ barons.

Created Parliament- only for the nobility (aristocracy- rich powerful people). Trial by

jury, due process of law- King could not put someone in jail or executed them

without a proper trial. Eventually these rights would be given to all English citizens.

Magna Carta, 1215

English Bill of Rights- 1689

Government could not:

• set excessive bail,

• punish someone who had been found not guilty in a trial,

• punishment for criminals could not be cruel or unusual,

• deny someone Habeas Corpus- tell an accused person

which law they had broken, and to be put on trial in a reasonable

time frame.

• Applied to all the people in England not just the Nobility.

English Bill of Rights, 1689

Mayflower Compact- 1620

The Framers (men who wrote the Constitution)of the Constitution looked at this

document as an example were their ancestors had created their own plan of

government (constitution). The Pilgrims, based the Mayflower Compact on the ideas

direct democracy from the Greeks and majority rule.

Declaration of Independence

The Declaration of Independence was passed during the Second Continental

Congress. Thomas Jefferson was the main author. People are born with natural

rights (unalienable rights) that can’t be taken away by the government, all men are

created equal, and they have a right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness

(property). Many of these ideas find there way into the U.S. Constitution.

Thomas Jefferson

Constitutional Convention- Additional Note Page

After the Annapolis Convention, it became clear that changes had to be made to

the Articles of Confederation. Alexander Hamilton and several other delegates to

that convention called for a new convention in Philadelphia, PA. In May of 1787,

twelve states attended (Rhode Island didn’t) the Constitutional Convention. At

first they only met to revise the Articles of Confederation. Soon the delegates

realized that a whole new constitution was needed to replace the Articles.

Alexander Hamilton

Painting of the Constitutional Convention

4 3 2 1

In addition to a 3 students was able to

explain and analyze the outcome of the

Constitutional Convention.

Student was able to explain the outcome of

the Constitutional Convention.

Student was able to identify the outcome of

the Constitutional Convention.

Student was able to partially identify the

outcome of the Constitutional Convention.

Learning Goal 8: Students will be able to explain the outcome of the Constitutional Convention.

-

- James Madison- Father of the Constitution

- Compromises (role of Benjamin Franklin)

- Federalists/Anti Federalists (creation of political parties)

- Bill of Rights

- George Washington’s presidency (state of union address, creation of the cabinet, 2 term office)

Scale:

N.J. and Virginia Plans.

The New Jersey or “small states” plan called for a single house in Congress

and that each state have an equal number of votes. Proposed by William Patterson of NJ.

The Virginia Plan called for three branches of government (executive, judicial and

legislative). Each branch could check or limit the power of the other branches. The main

thing it asked for was a two-house Congress (bicameral). The number of representatives a

state sent to both the upper and lower house would be based on a state’s population. This

plan favored the larger states. Proposed by James Madison and Edmund Randolph of VA.

Madison Randolph

= VA Plan

Large States

Patterson

= NJ Plan

Small States

Great Compromise

Also called the Connecticut Plan. Proposed by Roger Sherman of Connecticut.

Each state would have an equal number of votes (2) in the Senate (Upper House). In

the House of Representatives (Lower House) representation for each state would be

based on population. Every 30,000 people would give a state one more

representatives. Create three branches of government- Congress, President and

Supreme Court

NJ Plan

VA Plan+

=Great Compromise

3/5th Compromise

Because representation would be based on population in the House of

Representatives a question arose over counting slaves as a part of a state’s

population.

The Southern (Slave) states wanted to count slaves as part of the

total population for the state so they could get more representation in the

House of Representatives.

The Northern (free) states did not want the Southern states to count any of

their slaves because slaves were not considered citizens. Wanted to tax slaves as property, and end

the slave trade.

Compromise: It was decided to count each slave as 3/5 of a person. Southern states

could count 60% of their slave population, but the slaves could be taxed by the national

government. It was also decided that Congress couldn’t

ban the slave trade until 1808.

A Slave Auction in New Orleans

Double Bubble Map Comparing and Contrasting the VA and NJ Plans

NJ Plan VA Plan

James Madison

Virginia delegate James Madison took notes of everything that was said at the

Convention. He also contributed many of the ideas that went in the

Constitution- VA plan. He wrote the final version of the Constitution. Because

of his work Madison is know as the “Father of the Constitution”. Many

years later become the 4th President of the United States.

Key People at the CC

James Madison stood only 5’2’’ in height and only weighted 100 pounds. He was nick named the “100 Pound Giant” because of his large impact at the Constitutional Convention.

Ben Franklin

Franklin was already a famous person in the United States for his work in

science, philosophy and literature. During the Revolution he served as

ambassador to France. At the convention he was chose to be a member of the

Pennsylvania delegation. Throughout the convention he was able to act as a

peace keeper between different groups at the convention, and help to get the

large and small states to compromise on the issue of representation in

Congress (Great Compromise).

Key People at the CC

George Washington

Was chosen as a delegate to the convention from Virginia. Because of his service during the Revolutionary War he was made the President of the Convention. Washington acted as impartial leader of the convention and keep the meeting organized and moving forward.

Key People at the CC

George Washington's Legacy

Washington established several precedents (traditions) that

future Presidents would follow out of respect for Washington.

The actions Washington took are not listed in the Constitution as

powers given to the President.

1. Serving only two-terms (term 4 years) of office. 22nd

Amendment made this a permanent change after 1951.

2. Giving the state of the union address every year.

3. Created the cabinet. A group of advisors to the President.

4. When taking the oath of office- “so help me god”.

5. President being referred to as “Mr. President”.

22

Federalists and Antifederalists?

Federalist comes from the word federalism, which is a type of government where power is

shard between the national/ federal government and state governments.

There was a fear that the new Constitution would take too much power

away from the states. The Federalists (support ratification) responded to this

concern with the idea of Federalism. Powers would be shared between the states

and the National(federal) government. They liked the idea of a stronger national

Government. Had more support in the Northeast and in cities. Businessmen and

merchants tended to support the Federalist.

Patrick Henry Thomas Jefferson

Washington John AdamsJames Madison

Federalists

Federalists and Antifederalists?

The Antifederalists (against ratification) thought the new Constitution took too much

power away from the states, there was no bill of rights and they feared a strong

President could become a king(executive branch), and the Senate could become an

elite ruling class. They were more popular in the Western and Southern states.

Farmers and people in rural areas tended to favor the Antifederalists.

Patrick Henry Thomas JeffersonMadison was a Federalist, but he later joins the Antifederalists

James Madison

Antifederalists- Democratic Republicans

Federalist Papers

Federalists James Madison, Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, wrote a series of

newspaper articles that answered many of the questions that people had about the

new Constitution. The Federalist Papers help to convince many people to support

ratifying the new Constitution.

James Madison

Bill of Rights

Amendments 1-9 protect basic individual freedoms (The 10th Amendment deals with powers

between the states and federal government). For example, the 1st Amendment protects a

Citizen’s right to freedom of religion, speech, press, and to protests. Other amendments

protect peoples right to a fair trial.