Introduction: Cement

Dr. Safeer AbbasAssistant Professor

Civil Engineering DepartmentUET Lahore, Pakistan

International Context2

• Population growth and need for new infrastructure• Decaying existing infrastructure• Transportation congestion• Waste management crises• Climate change and more frequent natural disasters

inflicting damage to infrastructure• World population growth• RC structure continue to deteriorate prematurely

International Context3

“Laws of Fives”4

Cement5

History of Cementing Material

History of Cementing Material6

Hydraulic Lime7

Hydraulic Mortars8

Development of Portland Cement9

Development of Portland Cement10

Development of Portland Cement11

Development of Portland Cement12

Cement Manufacturing13

Raw Materials for Cement Manufacturing14

Impurities

Typical Oxide Composition in Cement15

Major Constituents of Cement16

Major Constituents of Cement17

Major Constituents of Cement18

1) C3S Tri-Calcium Silicate

2) C2S Di-Calcium Silicate

Major Constituents of Cement19

3) C3A Tri-Calcium Aluminate

Major Constituents of Cement20

4) C4AF Tetra-Calcium Alumino Ferrite

Percentage of Main Components of Cement21

Cement Hydration22

Microstructure of Hydrated Cement Product23

Microstructure of Hydrated Cement Product24

Microstructure of Hydrated Cement Product25

Microstructure of Hydrated Cement Product26

Microstructure of Hydrated Cement Product27

Standard Specification for Portland Cement28

ASTM C150 (AASHTO 185)

Why Five Types of Cement29

What makes them different

ASTM C50: Type I (General Purpose)30

ASTM C50: Type II (Moderate Sulphate Resistant)31

Type III (High Early Strength)32

Type IV (Low Heat of Hydration)33

Type V (High Sulphate Resistant)34

Blended Cement35

ASTM C595

Blended Cement36

ASTM C595

Benefits of Blended Cement37

World Production of Cement38

Special Cement39

Special Cement40

Special Cement41

Quality Tests on Cement42

Density of Cement43

Bulk Density44

Chemical Tests on Cement45

Cement Fineness Tests46

Modern Fineness Tests47

Cement Fineness48

Setting Behaviour of Cement49

Setting Behaviour of Cement Tests50

Setting Time for Portland Cement51

Heat of Hydration Test52

Strength Tests53

Air Content Test54

Consistency Test55

Thermal Analysis56

Transporting Cement57

Questions and Assignment58

Discuss various types of Cement available in Pakistan and its Characteristics. (Note: Put colour pictures of aggregates)

Different tests on Cement Report and Power point Presentation Need to submit in GroupDue date: 16-09-2014