Chapter 1Chapter 1

Introduction to ScienceIntroduction to Science

Branches of ScienceBranches of ScienceSocial Science – behavior why animals act the Social Science – behavior why animals act the way they do. (Sociology, Psychology, Animal way they do. (Sociology, Psychology, Animal Behaviorist.Behaviorist.Natural Science – Biological Science, Physical Natural Science – Biological Science, Physical Science and Earth/Space Science.Science and Earth/Space Science.– BiologyBiology

BotanyBotanyZoologyZoology

– Physical SciencePhysical ScienceChemistryChemistryPhysicsPhysics

– Earth / SpaceEarth / SpaceGeologyGeologyMeteorologyMeteorology

Scientific LingoScientific LingoTheory – Why something works. (A system of Theory – Why something works. (A system of ideas that explains many related observations ideas that explains many related observations and is supported by a large body of evidence and is supported by a large body of evidence acquired through scientific investigation.)acquired through scientific investigation.)Law – How something works. (A descriptive Law – How something works. (A descriptive statement or equation that reliably predicts statement or equation that reliably predicts events under certain conditions.)events under certain conditions.)Quantitative – described with numbers / statistics.Quantitative – described with numbers / statistics.Qualitative – described with words.Qualitative – described with words.Model – something used to represent something Model – something used to represent something that is too big, small or difficult to display. (The that is too big, small or difficult to display. (The day after tomorrow.)day after tomorrow.)

Scientific MethodScientific MethodConstantConstantVariablesVariablesControl GroupControl GroupExperimental GroupExperimental GroupPlacebo EffectPlacebo EffectThe importance of The importance of having clear, concise having clear, concise repeatable repeatable procedures.procedures.The importance of The importance of publishing findings.publishing findings.

Base UnitsBase Units

LengthLength metermeter mm

MassMass KilogramKilogram KgKg

TimeTime SecondSecond ss

TemperatureTemperature KelvinKelvin KK

Light IntensityLight Intensity CandelaCandela cdcd

Amount of sub.Amount of sub. MoleMole molmol

Electric CurrentElectric Current AmpereAmpere AA

Derived UnitsDerived UnitsAreaArea meter squaredmeter squared m2m2

VolumeVolume meter cubedmeter cubed m3m3

VelocityVelocity meter / secondmeter / second m/sm/s

Acceleration Acceleration meter / second sqmeter / second sq m/s2m/s2

ForceForce mass*accelerationmass*acceleration NN

PressurePressure force / areaforce / area PaPa

WorkWork force*distanceforce*distance Nm or JNm or J

PowerPower work / timework / time W or W or J/sJ/s

Prefix ChartPrefix ChartMegaMega MM 101066

KiloKilo kk 101033

BASEBASE

CentiCenti cc 1010-2-2

MilliMilli mm 1010-3-3

MicroMicro uu 1010-6-6

NanoNano nn 1010-9-9

Practice Problems:Practice Problems:

Temperature ScalesTemperature ScalesFarenheit – 32 freezing Farenheit – 32 freezing of pure water 212 of pure water 212 boiling of pure water boiling of pure water at 1 atm pressureat 1 atm pressure

Celsius – 0 freezing Celsius – 0 freezing 100 boiling of water100 boiling of water

Kelvin – 0 temperature Kelvin – 0 temperature at which all molecular at which all molecular motions stops 0k = -motions stops 0k = -273.15 C273.15 C

Practice Problems:Practice Problems:

GraphingGraphingLine – continuous Line – continuous display of datadisplay of data

Bar – discontinuous Bar – discontinuous multiple items at multiple items at same timesame time

Pie – parts of the Pie – parts of the wholewhole