Chapter 1
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Transcript of Chapter 1
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The study of Biology is the study
of living things , the environment
and the interaction between living
things and the environment.
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Scientific skill
Science process skills
Manipulative skills
Scientific skill encompass science process skill and manipulative skill.
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ObservingClassifying
Interpreting dataPredicting
CommunicatingHypothesizingExperimenting
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Is a systematic way of carrying out a scientific investigation. the step in a scientific
method include
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Observation the situation.
forming a question about the problem
which shows the effect of the manipulated variable on the responding variable.
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A hypothesis is a statement that answer the question posed by the problem .
It shows the relationship between the manipulated variable and responding variable.
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Involves collecting the relevant information about an experiment, determining the apparatus and materials needed and planning the procedure of the experiment.
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Determine a manipulated variables ,a responding variables and fixed variables.
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Handle science apparatus and laboratory substances correctly. All apparatus must be cleaned and kept in the right places.
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Data are obtained by means of observation and measurement
Presented in the form of a table, graph and diagram
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Data are present in the form of a table which allow one to see the results in an organized manner.
Sometimes , in order to produce an accurate data of what is observed, a realistic and simple diagram can be drawn.
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The relationship between the manipulated variable and the responding variable is determined.
Find a link or relationship between information gathered and the problem that is being investigated.
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The conclusion of the investigation is formed based on the hypothesis .
State whether the hypothesis is accepted or rejected in the conclusion.
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A complete report based on the findings made during experiment must be present accurately.
A framework of a report as follows:
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Being objectiveAppreciating the contribution of science and
technologyThinking rationallyBeing cooperativeBeing fair and honest
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Objective:Problem statement:Hypothesis:Variables:Materials and apparatus:Technique:Procedure:Results:Discussion:Conclusion:
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Objective: the study of the effect of the load of school bags on the rate of heartbeat of student.
Problem statement : what is the effect of the load of school bags on the rate of heart beat of student.
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Hypothesis : the heavier the load of school bags, the faster the rate of heartbeat of students.
Variables Manipulated variables:Responding variables:Fixed variables:
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Technique :Calculating of the rate of heartbeat
Procedure : 1.The student are divided into 4 group.
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A) Group 1 :- control ( no books in the bag)
B) group 2 – carried 2 kg of books in the bag
C) group 3- carried 4 kg of books in the bag
D) group 4- carried 6 kg of books in the bag
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2. Each member of the group had a to walk for a distance of 100m.
3. The number of heartbeat per minute of each student was counted and recorded.
4. A bar chart was drawn to show the results.
Result :Result :
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GROUP
BEFORE CARRYING THE BOOK
AFTER CARRYING THE BOOK
1
2
3
4
RATE OF HEART BEAT
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Conclusion : When the load of the school bag increases, the rate of heartbeat also increases. Hypothesis is accepted.