Chapter 07 4th Ed Gender&Age
-
Upload
cahaya-santi-sianturi -
Category
Documents
-
view
226 -
download
0
Transcript of Chapter 07 4th Ed Gender&Age
-
8/16/2019 Chapter 07 4th Ed Gender&Age
1/18
SOCIOLINGUISTICS
NAME : Trito Junus Victor Tiala
NIM : 1221150902
NAME : Reisa Hutagalung
NIM : 1321150004
-
8/16/2019 Chapter 07 4th Ed Gender&Age
2/18
EN!ER AN! AE
-
8/16/2019 Chapter 07 4th Ed Gender&Age
3/18
Gender and Age
The terms sex and gender rather than sex has come to refer to categories
distinguished by biological characteristics, while gender is more appropriate
for distinguishing people on the basis of their socio-cultural behaviour,
including speech.
Gender in sosiolinguistics and other social sciences, sexual identity in
relation to culture and society. The ways in which words are used can both
reflect and reinforce social attitudes toward gender.
The age pattern is a typical sociolinguistic pattern based on the age of a
speaker. It describes a characteristic type of age-graded linguistic variation and
describes change in the speech behaviour of individual speakers as they get
older.
-
8/16/2019 Chapter 07 4th Ed Gender&Age
4/18
Gender – xclusive !peech "ifferences # $ighly !tructured
%ommunities
&omen and men do not speak in exactly the same way as each other in any
community.
!pouses speak different languages because they must marry out of tribe and
each tribe has its own language.
-
8/16/2019 Chapter 07 4th Ed Gender&Age
5/18
Gender – 'referential !peech (eatures # !ocial "ialect )esearch
women and men do not use competely different forms.
&omen tend to use more of the standard forms than me do , while men use more
of the vernacular forms than men do.
&omen and men use particular forms, one gender shows a greater preference forthem than the other
-
8/16/2019 Chapter 07 4th Ed Gender&Age
6/18
Gender and !ocial %lass
The speech of women and men in Western communities are ussually
features which also distinguish the speech of people from diffrent social
class.In every social class men use more vernacular forms than women.
-
8/16/2019 Chapter 07 4th Ed Gender&Age
7/18
Preference for Vernacular
Holmes, Janet. 201. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, !th edition. "ondon# $earson, p. 1%1.
-
8/16/2019 Chapter 07 4th Ed Gender&Age
8/18
&'planations for the difference in
language use (y gender The social status e'planation
Women)s role as guardian of society)s
values *u(ordinate groups must (e polite
+ernacular form e'press machismo
Holmes, Janet. 201. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, !th edition. "ondon# $earson, p. 1%!
1%-.
-
8/16/2019 Chapter 07 4th Ed Gender&Age
9/18
The social status e'planation
"o#en use #ore stan$ar$ s%eec&'or#s t&an #en (ecause t&e) *ant tclai# social status+ es%eciall) t&ose*&o $o not &a,e %ai$ e#%lo)#ent-
.ounter/argu#ent
In A#erican stu$) co#%aring t&e s%eec&
o' *o#en in ser,ice o%eration an$ t&ato' *o#en *oring in t&e &o#e+ *o#enin %ai$ occu%ations use #ore stan$ar$'or#s-Holmes, Janet. 201. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, !th edition. "ondon# $earson, p. 1%!.
-
8/16/2019 Chapter 07 4th Ed Gender&Age
10/18
Women)s role as guardian of
society)s values*ociety tends to e'pect (etter) (ehaviourfrom women than from men. Thereforethey serve as role models for children)s
speech.
/ounterargument
Interactions (etween a mother and herchild are liely to (e very rela'ed andinformal, and vernacular forms rather thanstandard forms are used.
Holmes, Janet. 201. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, !th edition. "ondon# $earson, p. 1%.
-
8/16/2019 Chapter 07 4th Ed Gender&Age
11/18
*u(ordinate groups must (e polite
Women as a su(ordinate group must
spea carefully and politely, and therefore
tend to use more standard forms.
/ounterargument
$olite speech does not necessarily euatestandard speech.
Holmes, Janet. 201. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, !th edition. "ondon# $earson, p. 1%%.
-
8/16/2019 Chapter 07 4th Ed Gender&Age
12/18
+ernacular forms e'press machismo
3en prefer vernacular forms (ecause they
carry macho connotation of masculinity
and toughness.
Holmes, Janet. 201. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, !th edition. "ondon# $earson, p. 1%-.
-
8/16/2019 Chapter 07 4th Ed Gender&Age
13/18
*ome alternative e'planations
How women are categorised4
The influence of the interviewer and the
conte't
Holmes, Janet. 201. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, !th edition. "ondon# $earson, p. 1%5.
-
8/16/2019 Chapter 07 4th Ed Gender&Age
14/18
How women are
categorised?Researc&ers in earl) social $ialectstu$ies o'ten use$ t&e *o#ens&us(an$s occu%ation as t&eir #aorcriterion- T&ere'ore#iscategorisation o'ten occurre$ an$t&at e%laine$ t&e s%eec& (e&a,iour
o' t&e *o#en-
Holmes, Janet. 201. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, !th edition. "ondon# $earson, p. 1%6.
-
8/16/2019 Chapter 07 4th Ed Gender&Age
15/18
The influence of the interviewer and
the conte't T&e inter,ie*er as a #i$$le/class
*ell/e$ucate$ aca$e#ic
T&e inter,ie*er as #an T&e 'or#al contet
Holmes, Janet. 201. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, !th edition. "ondon# $earson, p. 1%6.
-
8/16/2019 Chapter 07 4th Ed Gender&Age
16/18
Women's and Men's Idle Talk 1
Women
7Its overall function for women is to affirmsolidarity and maintain the socialrelationships (etween the women involved.8
7Women9s gossip focuses predominantly onpersonal e'periences and personalrelationships, on personal pro(lems andfeelings. It may include criticism of the
(ehaviour of others, (ut women tend to avoidcritici:ing people directly (ecause this wouldcause discomfort.8
Holmes, Janet. 201. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, !th edition. "ondon# $earson, p. 1%.
-
8/16/2019 Chapter 07 4th Ed Gender&Age
17/18
Women's and Men's Idle Talk 2
Men
7The male euivalent of women9s gossip is
difficult to identify. In parallel situations the
topics men discuss tend to focus on thingsand activities, rather than personal
e'periences and feelings. Topics lie sport,
cars, and possessions turn up regularly.
The focus is on information and facts ratherthan on feelings and reactions.8
Holmes, Janet. 201. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, !th edition. "ondon# $earson, p. 1-.
-
8/16/2019 Chapter 07 4th Ed Gender&Age
18/18
THAN 67