CHAPEL

A chapel is a building used by Christians as a place of fellowship and worship. It may be part of a larger structure or complex, such as a church, college, hospital, palace, prison or funeral home, located on board a military or commercial ship, or it may be an entirely free-standing building, sometimes with its own grounds. Many military installations have chapels for the use of military personnel, normally under the leadership of a military chaplain. Until the Protestant Reformation, a chapel denoted a place of worship that was either at a secondary location that was not the main responsibility of the local parish priest, or that belonged to a person or institution. Most large churches had one or more secondary altars, which if they occupied a distinct space, would often be called a chapel.

The word chapel is in particularly common usage in the United Kingdom, and even more so in Wales, for independent or nonconformist places of worship; and in Scotland and Ireland for Roman Catholic churches. In the UK, due to the rise in popularity of independent or nonconformist chapels throughout the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, by the time of the 1851 census, more people attended the independent chapels than attended the state's Anglican churches.

The word, chapel, like the associated word, chaplain, originally had Christian roots, but is used in a wider context today. While many are denominational, many are non-denominational. The latter are mostly encountered as part of a non-religious institution such as a hospital, prison or military installation. In England, where the Anglican Church is established by law, nondenominational or inter-faith chapels in such institutions may nonetheless be consecrated by the local Anglican bishop.

Chapels that are built as part of a larger church are holy areas set aside for some specific use or purpose: for instance, many cathedrals and large churches have a "Lady Chapel" in the apse, dedicated to the Virgin Mary; parish churches may have such a "Lady Chapel" in a side aisle or a "Chapel of Reservation" where the consecrated bread and wine of the Eucharist are kept in reserve between services, for the purpose of taking Holy Communion to the sick and housebound and, in some Christian traditions, for devotional purposes.

CHURCH COMPLEX

Flatbush Dutch Reformed Church Complex

Flatbush Dutch Reformed Church Complex, also referred to more simply as the Flatbush Reformed Church, is a historic Dutch Reformed church (now a member of the Reformed Church in America) at 890 Flatbush Avenue and 2101-2103 Kenmore Terrace in Flatbush, Brooklyn, New York. The complex consists of the church, church house, parsonage, and cemetery. The congregation was founded in 1654. The 2 1⁄2-story stone church building was constructed in 1796 and features a stone tower with stone belfry. The stained glass windows are by Tiffany studios and commemorate the descendants of many early settlers of Flatbush. The church house is a 2 1⁄2-story red brick and limestone building. The parsonage is a 2 1⁄2-story wood-frame house moved to its present site in 1918. The cemetery is the last resting place of most of the members of the early Dutch families of Flatbush. The earliest legible grave marker dates to 1754.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Fort Miller Reformed Church Complex

Fort Miller Reformed Church Complex is a historic church on Fort Miller Road, west of US 4 and south of Galusha Island and located at Fort Edward in Washington County, New York. The church was built in 1816 and has a two story, clapboard sided sanctuary and four story bell tower in the Federal style. A two story rear wing was added in 1896 and also attached is a carriage and horse shed dated to about 1818-1822. Included in the complex is a parsonage (ca. 1845), custodian / tenant house (ca. 1845), and a late 19th century clapboard barn.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

The Corpus Christi R.C. Church Complex

The Corpus Christi R.C. Church Complex is a series of several buildings located on Buffalo's historic East Side. The complex contains the Kolbe Center, Sears Street Hall, Rectory, Convent and the huge sandstone church that towers over the neighborhood. The complex school was closed in 1982 and has been razed.

The Church was founded by the Franciscans to serve the religious needs of the growing Polish community of the East Side. The church community grew in the early 20th century as immigrants poured into the neighborhood. The church has suffered the problems that have plagued other inner-city churches across America the past 30 years. As parishioners moved to the suburbs, the Church became increasingly empty during masses and the school was closed in the early 1980s. The Complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

Emmanuel Episcopal Church Complex

Emmanuel Episcopal Church Complex is a historic Episcopal church complex located at 37 W. Main Street in Norwich, Chenango County, New York. The complex consists of the church, parish hall, and education building. The church was designed by noted architect Isaac G. Perry and built in 1874 in the Gothic Revival style. It is a one story, rectangular limestone structure, 116 feet long and 62 feet wide. The main facade features two square, engaged towers of uneven heights. The parish hall was built in 1915 and expanded with the education building.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

German United Evangelical Church Complex

German United Evangelical Church Complex, also known as Salem Evangelical Church (1921), Salem Evangelical and Reformed Church (1943), and Salem United Church of Christ (1957), is a historic Evangelical and Reformed church complex located at Rochester in Monroe County, New York. The complex includes the original church structure (1874) with attached wing (1895) and the later parish house and church school (1923).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

Riverdale Presbyterian Church Complex

Riverdale Presbyterian Church Complex, also known as Duff House & Duff Cottage (Gardener's Cottage), is a historic Presbyterian church at 4761-4765 Henry Hudson Parkway in The Bronx, New York, New York. It was designed in 1863 by noted architect James Renwick, Jr. (1818-1895). It is a fieldstone building in the Late Gothic Revival style. It was substantially enlarged in 1936. The complex also includes the Duff House, also designed by Renwick, and a Stick Style cottage built in 1875 known as Duff Cottage. The church established the Edgehill Church at Spuyten Duyvil in 1869.

Our Mother of Sorrows Roman Catholic Church Complex

Our Mother of Sorrows Roman Catholic Church Complex is a historic Roman Catholic church complex located at Greece in Monroe County, New York. The complex consists of the Romanesque Revival style brick church (ca 1858-1878) and the adjacent community cemetery (1823-ca. 1900). The church was converted for use as a public library.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Ohio Street Methodist Episcopal Church Complex

Ohio Street Methodist Episcopal Church Complex, also known as Third Avenue Methodist Church and St. Ann Maronite Catholic Church, is a historic Methodist Episcopal church at 1921 Third Avenue in Watervliet, Albany County, New York. It was originally built about 1850 and modified about 1895. The parish house was built about 1880. Both are brick buildings with wood floor and roof framing and stone foundations.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

CHAPEL and CHURCH COMPLEX

Date Given: January 10, 2012

Date Submitted: January 17, 2012

JASPER T. BONNAO ARCH. ROEL P. SALVATIERRA Architecture – 1 Architectural Design – 2

GENERAL CONCEPT

When building your house of worship here are the basics rules of thumb. When purchasing land plan on 1 usable acre of paved, stripped parking for every 300 people. A paved, stripped parking area should be able to accommodate between 100-115 cars per usable acre and most building codes allocate 1 car per 3 people. Many local building codes may require islands of planted vegetation within the parking lot which reduces the number of cars per acre

THE CHURCH BUILDING

The most efficient plan for your church will be in the shape of a rectangle – other shapes will require more square footage per person as well as be more expensive to construct.

THE SITE

The “house of Worship” is by its very nature an important public building. It speaks to the entire community about the beliefs and aspirations of the congregations. Unfortunately, some congregations worship in churches considerably more "triumphant" than their creed, and it is advisable to strive for simplicity and subtlety. The church's position on the site will be somewhat determined by this "public image," but some functional considerations also exist.On a limited urban site the church may occupy so much of the land that only building entry and egress are possible. However, if there is room on the site for parking spaces, these will be useful even if the majority of the worshipers walk. The possibility of pulling wedding and funeral cars out of the stream of street traffic as well as dropping off worshipers during inclement weather is worth investigation. The suburban or country church site is usually larger and, with a dispersed congregation, the car parking capability is no longer optional, it is indeed essential. Ample parking areas reached by convenient driveways are functional necessities. There is a stronger entrance relationship to the parking areas and driveways than there may be to the street. Many otherwise successfully designed churches are flawed by the fact that most of the congregation is always

coming in the back door. The more generous site permits the consideration of outdoor worship as well as other outdoor activities. The building program must consider these possibilities very thoroughly.

THE PLANThe basic determinant of the plan is the programmed relationship between

the congregation and the altar area. The emphasis of all faiths is on the involvement of the congregation in the action of the worship service. Plans which suggest an auditorium, with the altar platform viewed through a proscenium arch, have an unfortunate "performance" aspect. Likewise, plan forms which destroy the oneness of the congregation are less favored. Since all faiths place emphasis on the spoken word, it is important to consider the ability of the preacher to maintain eye contact with the congregation. "Theater in the round' is not a recommended approach for this reason. Great care must be exercised if the structure requires columns or piers within the worship space for obvious reasons having to do with the sight lines. Although there is no liturgical requirement for seating, the length of most services requires the utilization of a seating device. It is in this particular aspect that the concept of flexible use collides with reality. The church pew has in its favor its relatively modest cost and its orderly appearance. The much more flexible individual chair generally requires more space per person and, even when ganged, requires straightening by custodial help. The desire of the congregation for no worship uses of the church will determine the type of seating. It is worth noting that some church plans, with the assistance of movable altar platforms and chairs, permit more than one arrangement of the congregation. This is an attractive possibility for church groups interested in innovation.

VESTING ROOM Although each denomination favors a particular nomenclature, the

function remains the same. The celebrant requires a room for robbing and the storage of vestments and the ceremonial utensils. It is prudent to consider a toilet connected to this room. Often this room will accommodate a guest speaker or another clergyman. Vestments should be stored flat or hung no tighter than three per foot. It is important that this room be located thoughtfully in relation to both the entry and the worship space. While it is convenient to consider a position close to the altar platform, it will work at a disadvantage if the worship ceremony involves procession through the congregation or if the minister is to greet or bid

farewell to the congregation at the entry. Acolytes or altar boys also require a vesting space, which should be near the vesting room for supervision.

WORK SACRISTY

Work Sacristy This room may also have many different names, but its function is to provide space for flower arranging, the storage of altar cloths (sometimes also their washing and pressing), ceremonial utensil storage and cleaning, and candle and candlestick storage. A sink is required, as well as storage cupboards or closets. This room is best located near the altar platform if at all possible.

NARTHEX

The narthex of a church is the entrance or lobby area, located at the end of the nave, at the far end from the church's main altar. Traditionally the narthex was a part of the church building, but was not considered part of the church proper. It was either an indoor area separated from the nave by a screen or rail, or an external structure such as a porch.

NAVE

In Romanesque and Gothic Christian abbey, cathedral basilica and church architecture, the nave is the central approach to the high altar, the main body of the church. "Nave" (Medieval Latin navies, "ship") was probably suggested by the keel shape of its vaulting. The nave of a church, whether Romanesque, Gothic or Classical, extends from the entry — which may have a separate vestibule, the narthex — to the chancel and is flanked by lower aisles separated from the nave by an arcade. If the aisles are high and of a width comparable to the central nave, the structure is sometimes said to have three naves.

HOLY WATER FONT

A holy water font or stoup is a vessel containing holy water generally placed near the entrance of a church. It is used in Catholic Church and Lutheran churches, as well as some Anglican churches to make the Sign of the Cross using the holy water

upon entrance and exit. Holy Water is blessed by a priest, and Catholics believe it can repel evil and cleanse venial sins, although its primary purpose is to remind people of their baptism.

CHANCELIn church architecture, the chancel is the space around the altar in the

sanctuary at the liturgical east end of a traditional Christian church building. It may terminate in an apse. As well as the altar, the chancel usually houses the credence table, and seats for officiating and assisting ministers. In Anglican and Methodist churches it will usually include the choir. In some traditions, the pulpit and lectern may be in the chancel, but in others these functions are considered proper to the nave.

The chancel is typically raised somewhat above the level of the nave, where the congregation gathers. It may be separated from the nave by a rood screen, a rail, or an open space. In some churches, the congregation may gather on three sides or in a semicircle around the chancel.

PULPIT

Pulpit is a speakers' stand in a church. In many Christian churches, there are two speakers' stands at the front of the church. Typically, the one on the left (as viewed by the congregation) is called the pulpit. Since the Gospel lesson is often read from the pulpit, the pulpit side of the church is sometimes called the gospel side.

LECTERN

A lectern (from the Latin lectus, past participle of legere, "to read") is a reading desk with a slanted top, usually placed on a stand or affixed to some other form of support, on which documents or books are placed as support for reading aloud, as in a scripture reading, lecture, or sermon. To facilitate eye-contact and improve posture when facing an audience, lecterns may have adjustable height and slant. People generally use lecterns while standing.

ALTAR

An altar is any structure upon which offerings such as sacrifices are made for religious purposes. Altars are usually found at shrines, and they can be located in temples, churches and other places of worship.