chap2.ppt

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

1/92

Nuri Allied Consultant (M) Sdn. Bhd.OSH Accident Investigation Workshop

Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

2.0 RISK ASSESSMENT

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Legal Aspect of Risk Assessment

2.3 Accident Categories

2.4 Hierarchy of Risk Control

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

2/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

Hazards

RisksAccidents

What are they?

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

3/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

HAZARD

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

4/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

What is a "hazard?"

It is a source or situation with a potential for harm in

terms of injury or ill health, damage to property,

damage to the workplace environment, or a

combination of both.

OHSAS 18001:1999

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

5/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

Hazard:

Anything which may cause harm, injury, or illhealth.

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

6/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

Hazard identification is the first step in the risk managementprocess.

Only people with a thorough knowledge of the area, process or

machine under review should carry out a hazard identification survey.

The task of identifying hazards should be broken up into clear and

manageable sections, in a manner which suits the organisation, the

task itself, and the people doing the work.

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

7/92


Integrity

Mastery

ReliabilityChapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

8/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

PREVIOUS ACCIDENT REPORTS

Location

MachinePerson

Age of Person

Time of Day

Day of Week

Part of Body

Severity of Injury

Occupation

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

9/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

PHYSICAL INSPECTION OF THE WORKPLACE

A physical examination of the workplace requires an

inquiring mind, lateral thinking, and the ability to be and

remain open minded. It is of little use to look at a particular

area and in a perfunctory manner, declare it to be hazard

free.

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

10/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

BRAINSTORMING

This is a process of conducting group meetings with people who

are familiar with the operation of the area under review,

recording all ideas and thoughts relating to possible hazards

and then sorting the results into some sort of priority order.

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

11/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

KNOWLEDGE OF EMPLOYEES

Employees should be encouraged to report any hazardsthey are aware of.

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

12/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

TRADE JOURNALS

Trade journals are often a source of information regardinghazards encountered by others in the industry. They can be a

source of useful inquiry, as members of the same industry

would expect to encounter similar hazards

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

13/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

OSH PUBLICATIONS

These publications can be of particular benefit asthey concentrate on reporting issues relating to safety

and health

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

14/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

CONTACTS

A counter-part in another subsidiary of the companyor even a contact in a competitive company could be a

good source of information as they probably share similar

safety problems.

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

15/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

Industry Associations

Safety and health is often brought up at industry associationmeetings or during informal discussions before or after

meetings.

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

16/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

ASK, "WHAT IF . . . ?

Its important to try to anticipate how human behaviour,equipment, and system failures could combine to create

a hazardous situation.

Constantly ask yourself "What if?...."

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

17/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

What is r isk?

It is a combinat ion of the l ikel ihood and con sequence

of a speci f ied hazardou s event occurr ing .

OHSAS 18001:1999

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

18/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

Risk

may be considered as the potential for adverse effects

resulting from an activity or event

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

19/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

This is generally determined by what is preparedto be lost balanced against possible gains

Chapter 2

h

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

20/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

Risk is a new concept in our society. Prior to the renaissance

the widely held belief was fatalistic.

Its all in the hands of the gods, the fates , our lord .

Mans destiny was usually seen as being predetermined.

Chapter 2

I t it

h

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

21/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

In 1654 , a French duke asked the famous mathematician

Pascal to solve a problem.

How to divide the stakes of an unfinished game of dicewhen one of the players was ahead.

This question was originally posed 200 years earlier by

the monk Paccoili.

The laws of probability were explored.

Chapter 2

I t it

Ch 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

22/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

These early explorations into laws of probability resulted in.

The Dutch Tulip Bulb Futures market ( the first modern stock exchange)

The Marine Insurance Industry ( and all types of insurance that followed)

Intellectual challenges to church doctrine.

Exploration of the New World.

Acceptance of the concept of being Masters of our own destiny.

Chapter 2

I t it

Ch 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

23/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

Risk is a very individual concept.

It is different for every one.

Consider the activity of driving.On a scale of 1-5 how would you rate driving as a daily activity?

For a Grand Prix Driver?

A Taxi Driver?

My 88 year old grandmother?

Chapter 2

I t it

Ch 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

24/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

Risk is often viewed very differently from individual to individual.

Another thing to consider is that peoples perceptions change asfamiliarity increases the perception of a hazard and its risks change.

Chapter 2

Integrity

Ch 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

25/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

the total procedure associated with

identifying a hazard,

assessing the risk,

putting in place control measures,

and reviewing the outcomes.

Chapter 2

Integrity

Ch 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

26/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

RiskAssessment

Chapter 2

Integrity

Ch 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

27/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

Risk:The possibility of an unwanted event occurring

Likelihood:The chance of an event actually occurring.

Chapter 2

C ( ) S Integrity

Ch 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

28/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

Very Likely -- Could happen frequently

Likely -- Could happen occasionally

Unlikely -- Could happen, but only rarely

Highly Unlikely -- Could happen but probably never will

Chapter 2

N i Alli d C lt t (M) Sd Bhd Integrity

Ch 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

29/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

When evaluating the likelihood of an accident,

a factor that will modify the likelihood category, is exposure.

Very Rare -- Once per year or less

Rare -- A few times per year

Unusual -- Once per month

Occasional -- Once per weekFrequent -- Daily

Continuous -- Constant

Chapter 2


Ch t 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

30/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

The location of a hazard can affect the likelihood of the accident

happening.

For example, an exposed V belt drive located adjacent to a

walkway where persons could easily come into contact with the

nip points would have a higher likelihood rating than if the same

drive arrangement were located in a position from which persons

were excluded.

Chapter 2


Ch t 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

31/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

FATAL Death

MAJOR INJURIES Normally irreversible injury or damage to health

requiring extended time off work to effect best recovery.

MINOR INJURIES Typically a reversible injury or damage to health needing

several days away from work to recover. Recovery would be full and permanent.

NEGLIGIBLE INJURIES Would require first aid and may need theremainder of the work period or shift off before being able to return to work.

Chapter 2


Ch t 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

32/92


Integrity

Mastery


N ri Allied Cons ltant (M) Sdn Bhd Integrity

Ch t 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

33/92


Integrity

Mastery


Nuri Allied Consultant (M) Sdn Bhd Integrity

Ch t 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

34/92


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

Control: the measures we take to eliminate

or reduce the risk to an acceptable level.

Hierarchy of Control: The order in which controls

should be considered when selecting methods of

controlling a risk.

Chapter 2


Ch t 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

35/92


teg ty

Mastery

Reliability

Elimination

Substitution

IsolationEngineering Controls

Administrative Controls

Provide Personal Protective Equipment .

Chapter 2


Ch t 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

36/92


g y

Mastery

Reliability

Elimination

The Best method of dealing with a hazard is toeliminate it. Once the hazard has been eliminated the

potential for harm has gone.

Chapter 2


Ch t 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

37/92


g y

Mastery

Reliability

Substitution

This involves substituting a dangerous processor substance with one that is not as dangerous.

This may not be as satisfactory as elimination as there may

still be a risk (even if it is reduced).

Chapter 2


Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

38/92


g y

Mastery

Reliability

Isolation

Separate or isolate the hazard from people. This method hasits problems in that the hazard has not been removed.

The guard or separation device is always at risk of being

removed or circumvented.

Chapter 2


Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

39/92


g y

Mastery

Reliability

Administration

Administrative solutions usually involve modificationof the likelihood of an accident happening. This can be

done by reducing the number of people exposed to the

danger reducing the amount of time exposed and providing

training to those people who are exposed to the hazard.

Chapter 2


Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

40/92


Mastery

Reliability

Personal Protective Equipment

Provision of personal protective equipment should only beconsidered when all other control methods are impractical,

or to increase control when used with another method higher

up in the Hierarchy of Control.

Chapter 2


Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

41/92


Mastery

Reliability

KEY POINT

A review follow-up is always essential.

Review is an important aspect of any risk management

process.

It is essential to review what has been done to ensurethat the controls put in place are effective

Chapter 2


Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

42/92


Mastery

Reliability

Hazard identification, risk assessment, control and review

is not a task that is completed and then forgotten about.

Hazard identification should be properly documented even

in the simplest of situations.Risk assessment should include a careful assessment

of both likelihood and consequence.

Control measures should conform to the recommendations of

the hierarchy of control.The risk management process is an on going one.

Chapter 2


Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

43/92


Mastery

Reliability

It is an undesired event giving rise to death , illhealth, injury, damage or other loss

OHSAS 18001:1999

Chapter 2

Nuri Allied Consultant (M) Sdn. Bhd Integrity

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

44/92


Mastery

Reliability

SINGLE FACTOR THEORIES

This theory stems from the assumption that an

accident is the result of a single cause. Further,if that single cause can be identified and eliminated

the accident will not be repeated.

Chapter 2

Nuri Allied Consultant (M) Sdn. Bhd. IntegrityM

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

45/92


Mastery

Reliability

SINGLE FACTOR THEORIES

Example: A person in a hurry walks through a poorly lit area

and trips over a piece of wood.Single Factor Theory Solution: Remove the offending

piece of wood to solve the problem.

The reality is that accidents always have morethan one contributing factor.

Chapter 2

Nuri Allied Consultant (M) Sdn. Bhd. IntegrityM t

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

46/92


Mastery

Reliability

states that accidents are more likely to happen at or

during a transfer of energy.

The rate of energy release is important because

the greater the rate of release the greater the

potential for damage.

Chapter 2


Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

47/92

u ed Co su ta t ( ) Sd dOSH Accident Investigation Workshop

Mastery

Reliability

It should be noted that this concept of identifying hazards is

very limited and not dissimilar to the Single Factor theory.

Factors other than energy release are important.

Chapter 2


Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

48/92

( )OSH Accident Investigation Workshop

Mastery

Reliability

says that an accident occurs when

a number of factors act together to cause an

accident

This and similar ideas are favored by

most experienced safety and health practitioners

Chapter 2

Nuri Allied Consultant (M) Sdn. Bhd. IntegrityMastery

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

49/92


Mastery

Reliability

Example: A person in a hurry walks through a poorly lit area

and trips over a piece of wood.

require answers to such questions as:

Was there a necessity for that person to walk in that area or

was there a safer route?

If the person was not in a hurry would they have been more aware

and avoided the wood?

If the area was better lit would the person have avoided the wood.

Could the wood have been removed?

Chapter 2


Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

50/92


Mastery

Reliability

Social Environment:

Those conditions which make us take or accept risks.

Unsafe Acts or Conditions:

Poor planning, unsafe equipment, hazardous environment.

The Accident:The accident occurs when the above events conspire to cause

something to go wrong.

The Injury: Injury occurs when the person sustains damage.

Chapter 2


Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

51/92


Mastery

Reliability

Often accidents occur without injury and they are referred

to as near misses. All too often, these near misses are ignored

until, figuratively speaking, the last domino is knocked over and

the injury occurs.

Chapter 2


Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

52/92


Mastery

Reliability

may be too limited to consistently reflect reality. A more

accurate picture of reality may be gained by combining

the elements of

the Multiple Factor Theory

and the Domino Effect.

Chapter 2


Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

53/92

OSH Accident Investigation WorkshopMastery

Reliability

While watching the Piper Alpha Story consider

the Multiple cause theory and the Domino Effect.

Answer the Questions on Pages 15& 16 of the Spiral to Disaster Handout.

Chapter 2


Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

54/92


Reliability

Hazard Uncontrolled Risk Accident

Risk-based solution

Risk ManagementHazard identification + risk assessment

= risk control strategies

Chapter 2


Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

55/92


Reliability

ME

E

E

What are the four categor ies of hazards in the

workplace? (MEEE)

aterials

nv i ronment

mployees

quipment

Chapter 2


Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

56/92


Reliability

Physical effects death, injury, property

damage, fatigue Biological effects health effects

Psychological stress, unmotivated, hatred

Chapter 2


Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

57/92


Reliability

Types of Hazards in the Workplace

1. Falls

2. Impact

3. Mechanical4. Vibrat ion/Noise

5. Toxics

6. Heat/Temperature

7. Flammabi l i ty/Fire

8. Explosives

9. Pressure

10. Electr ic al contact11. Ergonomics

12. Biohazards

13. Violence

Chapter 2


Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

58/92


Reliability

Inspections and Audits

Four Important Processes to Identify andAnalyze Hazards

The inspection examines conditions in the workplace

to identify hazards.

The audit evaluates the quality of program design

and performance to better control hazards.

1

Chapter 2

Nuri Allied Consultant (M) Sdn. Bhd.OS

Integrity

Mastery

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

59/92


Reliability

Inspect to identify potential accidents,examples:

Struck-by

Struck-against

Contact-by

Contact-with

Caught-onCaught- in

Caught-between

Fall-To-surface

Fall-To-below

Over-exertion

Bodi ly react ionOver-exposure

Chapter 2

Nuri Allied Consultant (M) Sdn. Bhd.OSH A id t I ti ti W k h

Integrity

Mastery

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

60/92

OSH Accident Investigation Workshopy

Reliability

Observations, informal and formal, are quite important

in daily workplace safety.

Employees and managers can spot hazardous

conditions and unsafe or inappropriate behaviors

while they conduct their other tasks.

Observation2

Chapter 2


Integrity

Mastery

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

61/92


Reliability

The Job Hazard Analysis

The process...

Break a job or task into specific steps.

3

Chapter 2


Integrity

Mastery

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

62/92


Reliability

Incident/Accident Analysis

4All non-injury incidents and injury accidents, no matter

how minor should be analyzed to identify and control

hazards.

Incident analysis allows you to identify and control

hazards before they cause an injury.

Accident analysis is an effective tool for uncovering

hazards that either were missed earlier or havemanaged to slip out of the controls planned for them.

Chapter 2


Integrity

Mastery

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

63/92


Reliability

Employer- the creator of OSH hazards andrisks at the workplace!Employer duties:

Chapter 2


Integrity

Mastery

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

64/92

OSH Accident Investigation Workshop Reliability

Employee duties- Safety is everyones

responsibility. Its the law!

Chapter 2


Integrity

Mastery

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

65/92


Management commitment is regulated!

1. OSH Policy

2. OSH Organization

3. OSH arrangements at the workplace

Chapter 2


Integrity

Mastery

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

66/92


Divide into 4 groups. Each doing Items 1-4. Inspection Observations JSA Incident/accident analysisThen your group must present your HAZID findings to theclass. Hazards that are identified must be categorized asper MEEE slide.

Chapter 2


Integrity

Mastery

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

67/92


Major hamzah, pls expand on the slides above, especially of legal requirements

on employers and employees The above slides should end before lunch. After lunch, group exercise on

HAZID techniques as mentioned above, ie1. Inspections2. Observations3. JHA/JSA4. Incident analysis and accident analysis

Divide into 4 groups. Each doing Items 1-4. (2-5pm)1. Inspection can be done at the car park, example, or hotel premises as a whole.2. Observations can be done by photo observation of a work activity3. JSA- Driving to work/driving at work for field trips4. Incident/accident analysis/records- use near-miss photo and accident photo

Then t hey must present their HAZID findings to class. Hazards that are identifiedmust

be categorized as per MEEE slide.

Chapter 2


Integrity

Mastery

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

68/92


Qualitative subjective in nature Quantitative objective in nature

Chapter 2


Integrity

Mastery

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

69/92


Elimination

Substitution

Isolation

Engineering Control

Administrative Control

PPE

Risk elimination

programs

Risk reduction

programs

Chapter 2


Integrity

Mastery

R li bilit

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

70/92


Eliminate risky processes/resources Re-design/substitute risky processes

Use technology

Risk elimination is usually costly to

implement, it involves detailed studies using

experts

Chapter 2


Integrity

Mastery

R li bilit

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

71/92


Procedures, work instructions

Permit-to-work system

Employee training Engineering equipments, ie. Suction hoods,

ventilators, etc.

Quality PPE

Risk reduction programs

Chapter 2


Integrity

Mastery

R li bilit

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

72/92


Substitution

Modify process

Enclosure

Local exhaust

Fugitiveemission control

Isolation

Housekeeping

General

ventilation

Continuous area

monitoringDilution

ventilation

Automation or

remote control

Training and

education

Worker rotation

Enclosure of

workerPersonal

monitoring

Personal

protective devices

Chapter 2


Integrity

Mastery

R li bilit

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

73/92


Using results from the HAZID exercise, develop the Risk

Register for each group, conduct

1. Risk assessments on the hazards using the Qualitative

approach (RA form provided), decide which aresignificant or otherwise

2. Recommend the suitable risk control systems for eachsignificant hazard

3. Group presentation

Chapter 2


Integrity

Mastery

ReliabilityKaitan Jenis Pekerjaan dengan Hazard

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

74/92


Jenis Pekerjaan Hazard

Tukang bata/batu Penyakit kulit, posisi janggal, beban berat

Tukang cat Wap pelarut, bahan beracun dalam pigmen, bahan

tambahan cat

Hard tile setters Wap dari bonding agents, penyakit kulit, posisijanggal

Tukang kayu Habuk kayu, beban berat, pergerakan berulang

Juru elektrik Logam berat dalam wasap sadur, posisi janggal,

beban berat, habuk asbestos

Tukang Paip Asap dan partikel plumbum, asap patri, posisi

janggal

Pemasang karpet Trauma lutut, posisi janggal, wap gam, pergerakan

berulang

Kaitan Jenis Pekerjaan dengan HazardChapter 2


Integrity

Mastery

ReliabilityMENILAI RISIKO

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

75/92


5 : KERAP KEGAGALAN KERAP BERLAKU

4 : SELALU KEGAGALAN SELALU BERLAKU

3 : PERNAH BERLAKUPERNAH BERLAKU KEGAGALAN, TETAPI

TIDAK BESAR

2 : SEKALI-SEKALIJARANG BERLAKU DI DALAM ORGANISASI

YANG SAMA/DALAM NEGARA

1 : JARANG JARANG BERLAKU MUNGKIN DI NEGARALAIN

MENILAI RISIKOChapter 2


Integrity

Mastery

ReliabilityMENILAI RISIKO

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

76/92

OS cc de es ga o o s op Reliability

5: BENCANA KEMATIAN

4: BESAR HILANG UPAYA KEKAL

3: SEDERHANA KECEDERAAN SEDERHANA, > 4 HARI CUTISAKIT

2: KECILKECEDERAAN KECIL, HINGGA 4 HARI CUTI

SAKIT

1: SEDIKIT FIRST AID

MENILAI RISIKOChapter 2


Integrity

Mastery

Reliability

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

77/92

g p Reliability

RPN : RISK PRIORITY

NUMBER,

1 (SANGAT RENDAH) 25 (SANGAT TINGGI)

1

JARANG

2

SEKALI-

SEKALI

3

PERNAH

BERLAKU

4

SELALU

5

KERAP

1: SEDIKIT 1 2 3 4 5

2: KECIL 2 4 6 8 10

3: SEDERHANA 3 6 9 12 15

4: BESAR 4 8 12 16 205: BENCANA 5 10 15 20 25

Dapatkan RPN : Risk Pr ior i ty Numberberdasarkan

kebarangkalian dan kesan akibat

Chapter 2


IntegrityMastery

Reliability

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

78/92

g p Reliability

RISIKO TINDAKAN

SANGATTINGGI(15-25)

BERITAHU PIHAK PENGURUSAN SEGERA

HAPUSKAN : TIDAK BOLEH DIBIARKAN;PERLU KAWALAN SEGERA DAN JANGKA PANJANG

YANG LEBIH BERKESAN

TINGGI(8-14)

BERITAHU KETUA JABATAN. PERLU KAWALAN

SEGERA DAN JANGKA PANJANG YANG LEBIHBERKESAN

SEDERHANA(4-7)

BERITAHU HAZARDS KEPADA PEKERJA;

TOOL BOX MEETING; SAFE BEHAVIOUR; JSA

KAWALANN JANGKA PANJANG BERKESAN

RENDAH(1-3)

RISIKO BOLEH DITERIMA; UMUMNYA TIDAK PERLUTINDAKAN; KEKALKAN KAWALAN SEDIA ADA

Chapter 2


IntegrityMastery

Reliability

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

79/92

g p Reliability

PENGAWALAN RISIKOSemua risiko

perlu di

kurangkan

As

Low

A s

Reasonably

Practicable.

Sederhana

Tinggi

Rendah

RISIKOTIDAK BOLEH

DITERIMA

BOLEH DITERIMA

KURANGKAN

SERENDAH YANG

MUNGKIN

SangatTinggi

Chapter 2


IntegrityMastery

Reliability

HIRARKI LANGKAH KAWALAN

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

80/92

g p Reliability

1. Hapuskan hazard Contohnya, menukar peralatan yang bising, elakkanmenggunakan bahan atau mesin berbahaya,

Sekiranya tidak praktikal, kemudian

2. Tukar sesuatu kepada yangkurang berisiko

Contohnya mengangkat beban yang lebih ringan, gunakan bahankimia kurang berbahaya, menukar dari forklift petrol kepadaelektrik, gunakan penyedut hampagas dari penyapu


3. Asingkan hazard Contohnya mengadakan penghadang sekeliling tumpahansehingga dicuci, meletakkan mesin fotostat di bilik

berpengundaraanSekiranya tidak praktikal, kemudian

4. Guna kawalankejuruteraan

Contohnya menggunakan troli untuk bawa beban berat,memasang pengadang bahagian jentera berputar


5. Guna kawalanpentadbiran

Contohnya mengadakan pusingan kerja, tugasan pendek,pastikan peralatan diselanggara, amalan kerja selamat, arahandan latihan.

Sekiranya tidak praktikal, akhirnya

6.Guna peralatanperlindungan diri

Contohnya mengadakan perlindungan bising dan mata, helmetkeselamatan, sarung tangan

Hendaklah selalu sedar terhadap peluang untuk mendapatkan kaedah kawalan yang

Chapter 2


IntegrityMastery

Reliability

Jika tiada HIRARC ..

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

81/92



IntegrityMastery

Reliability

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

82/92

Reliability

Kerja formwork- acuan (satu contoh)Aktiviti terlibat:

1. Mengangkat

2. Menyimpan Sementara

3. Membersih

4. Memasang

5. Memeriksa

6. Menyimen

7. Membuka

Chapter 2


IntegrityMastery

ReliabilityKerja formwork- acuan (satu contoh)

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

83/92

Reliability

Aktiviti Hazard Akibat K KA R Kawalan

Pemandu/signalman

yang kompeten,penyelenggaraan/

pemeriksaan berkala,

CF sah, Mengangkat

beban berlebihan

Anchored'

Sudut penyokong

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

84/92

e ab ty

Aktiviti Hazard Akibat K KA R Kawalan

Mengadakan pelantar

kerja, Gunakan 'lifeline' Pakai PPD

6. Menyimen Acuan

tumbang,

Kegagalan

kren, Objek

Mati,

Kecederaan

2 2 4 Kawalan,

Pemeriksaan struktur

form work, PPD

4. Memasang 4 5 20Mati,

cedera,kerosakan

harta benda

5. Memeriksa Pekerja jatuh 3 2

7. Merombak Acuan

tumbang,

Kegagalan

kren, Objek

jatuh, Pekerja

jatuh

Mati,

Kecederaan

4 Seperti kawalan

mengangkat.

Mengadakan pelantar

kerja

Gunakan 'life line'

Pakai PPD

5 20

Objek jatuh

Kegagalansling

Kegagalan

kren

Kegagalan

6

Seperti kawalan

mengangkat.Mengadakan pelantar

kerja

Gunakan 'life line'

Pakai PPD

Mati,

Kecederaan

Kerja formwork acuan (satu contoh)C apte


IntegrityMastery

ReliabilityRekod Kemalangan Maut di Tapak Bina di Selangor 06 07

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

85/92

y

Bil Tarikh Perihal Kemalangan Sebab

1 07 Apr 06 Terjatuh dari pelantar memunggah di tingkat 12 Jatuh dari tempat

tinggi

2 29 Mei 06 Terjatuh dari struktur tangki air di atas bangunan pada

ketinggian 4 meterJatuh dari tempat

tinggi

3 30 Jun 06 Pekerja jatuh semasa menyapu minyak pada

permukaan steel formwork di tingkat 6Jatuh dari tempat

tinggi

4 14 Jun 06 Dilanggar oleh jentolaksemasa berada di bawah lori Dilanggar

5 18 Ogo 06 Dihempap batu ketika mengendalikan jengkaut. Objek jatuh

6 08 Jul 06 Jatuh dari bangunan Jatuh dari tempat

tinggi

7 14 Ogo 06 Boom crawler crane jatuh dan talinya melibas kepala

mangsaObjek jatuh

8 16 Sep 06 Jatuh dari tingkat 7 ke tingkat 1 Jatuh dari tempattinggi

9 13 Okt 06 Jack base jatuh dari tingkat atas menghempap kepala Objek jatuh

10 10 Ogo 06 Terjatuh dari tebing tinggi semasa memandu compactor

roller

Jatuh dari tempat

tinggi/objek jatuh

11 27 Dis 06 Terjatuh dari tempat tinggi ketika menuruni tangga Jatuh dari tempattinggi

Rekod Kemalangan Maut di Tapak Bina di Selangor 06 -07 C p


IntegrityMastery

ReliabilityRekod Kemalangan Maut di Tapak Bina di Selangor 06 07

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

86/92

y

Bil Tarikh Perihal Kemalangan Sebab

12 26 Dis 06 Jatuh dari bangunan semasa membuka form work Jatuh dari tempattinggi

13 11 Jan 07 Jatuh dari bangunan semasa membuka form work Jatuh dari tempat

tinggi

14 06 Mac 07 Jatuh dari tempat tinggi dalam kawasan pembinaan Jatuh dari tempat

tinggi

15 09 Mac 07 Jatuh dari bangunan dalam pembinaan Jatuh dari tempattinggi

16 02 Apr 07 Jatuh dari tingkat 2 ke tingkat 1 semasa kerja

pemasangan form work

Jatuh dari tempat

tinggi

17 03 Apr 07 Terjatuh dari tingkat 10 semasa penyediaan untuk

kerja plaster luar dinding bangunan

Jatuh dari tempat

tinggi

18 14 Apr 07 Jatuh semasa bekerja berhampiran tepian terbuka Jatuh dari tempattinggi

19 16 Apr 07 Terjatuh dari shovel dan tergilis oleh tayarnya Digilis

20 08 May 07 Dilanggar oleh bas yang terbabas semasa bekerja

di tepi lebuhraya

Dilanggar

21 02 Jun 07 Terjatuh semasa melakukan kerja-kerja formwork di

tapak binaJatuh dari tempat

tinggi

Rekod Kemalangan Maut di Tapak Bina di Selangor 06 -07 p


IntegrityMastery

Reliability

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

87/92

y

Laluan & ramps Ruang terbuka Lubang/lurang Membentuk konkrit

& rebar Mengorek tanah Atap Dinding terbuka Memasang bata

dinding

p


IntegrityMastery

ReliabilityKeadaan dan amalan tidak selamat

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

88/92

yp


IntegrityMastery

Reliability

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

89/92

Kegagalan struktur kren menara dan tiada kekemasan

p


IntegrityMastery

Reliability

Kajian semula HIRARC

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

90/92

HIRARC hendaklah dikaji semula dan diselenggara

seperti berikut:

Sebagai sebahagian daripada proses kajian semula

pengurusan

Sebagai kesan daripada sebarang perubahan yangsignifikan kepada aktiviti organisasi, produk atau

perkhidmatan

Sebagai kesan daripada perubahan yang relaven kepada

peraturan yang berkaitan

Sebagai kesan daripada maklumbalas audit

dalaman/luaran

p


IntegrityMastery

Reliability

Chapter 2

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

91/92

Mula

Mengkelaskan Aktiviti

(Tugas, Produk, Perkhidmatan, Aktiviti)

Kenalpasti Hazard

Menilai Hazard

Kawal Risiko

Semak Kawalan

p


IntegrityMastery

Reliability

Kesimpulan

7/27/2019 chap2.ppt

92/92

Pengenalpastian hazard, penilaian risiko, kawalan dan

semakan semula bukanlah suatu tugas yang dibuat

sekali sahaja dan dilupakan tetapi ianya suatu aktiviti

yang berterusan.

HIRARC hendaklah didokumentasikan walaupunseringkas mana sekalipun.

HIRARC hendaklah jalankan dengan penilaian teliti ke

atas kebarangkalian dan juga kesan akibat manakala

langkah kawalan yang dicadangkan hendaklah menepati

hirarki kawalan.

chap2.ppt

Documents

Transcript of chap2.ppt