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Introduction to the Field of

Organizational Behavior

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McShane/Von Glinow OB4e 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 1-2

Google and OB

Google has leveraged the power of organizational behavior

to attract talented employees who want to make a

difference in the Internet world.

AP/Wide World Photos

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What are Organizations?

Groups of people who work interdependently toward

some purpose Structured patterns of interaction

Coordinated tasks

Have common objectives (even if not fully agreed)

AP/Wide World Photos

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Why study

organizationalbehavior

Understand

organizational

events

Predict

organizational

eventsInfluence

organizational

events

Why Study Organizational Behavior

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Organizational Behavior

The study of what people think, feel, and do in

and around organizations with an

interdisciplinary viewpoint.

Based on Psychology, Social-Psychology, Management,

Communication, Anthropology, Economics

Levels of study

Individual, Group, Organizational

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Trends: Globalization

Economic, social, and cultural connectivity (and

interdependence) with people in other parts of

the world

Effects of globalization on organizations: New organizational structures

Different forms of communication

More diverse workforce.

More competition, mergers, work intensification and

demands for work flexibility

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Trends: Changing Workforce

Workforce has increasing

diversity along several

dimensions

Primary categories

gender, age, ethnicity,

etc.

Secondary categories

some control over (e.g.

education, marital

status)

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Trends: Changing Workforce

Current trends

Increased racial and ethnic diversity

More women in workforce

Generational diversity New age cohorts (e.g. Gen-X, Gen-Y)

Implications

Leverage diversity advantage

Adjust to the new workforce

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Trends: Employment Relationships

Work-life balance

Number one indicator of career success

Priority for many young people looking for new jobs

Employability New deal employment relationship

Continuously learn new skills

Contingent work No explicit or implicit contract for long-term

employment, or minimum hours of work can vary in

a nonsystematic way

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Trends: Virtual Work

Using information technology to perform ones job

away from the traditional physical workplace.

Telecommuting (telework)

working from home, usually internet connection to office

Virtual teams

operate across space, time, and organizational

boundaries with members who communicate mainly

through electronic technologies

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Department of Economic Development, Government of Dubai

Values-based Leadership in Dubai

The Department of Economic

Development (DED) in the Emirate

of Dubai recently devoted several

months to identifying the agencys

core values: accountability,teamwork, and continuous

improvement. DED also organized a

series of workshops (shown in

photo) to help employees recognize

values-consistent behaviors.

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Trends: Values/Ethics Defined

Long-lasting beliefs about

what is important in a variety

of situations

Define right versus wrong --guide

our decisions

Ethics

Study of moral principles or

values that determine whether

actions are right or wrong andoutcomes are good or bad

Department of Economic Development, Government of Dubai

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Trends: Why Values are Important

1. Need to guide employee decisions

and actions

2. Globalization increases awareness

of different values

3. Increasing emphasis on applying

ethical values

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Corporate Social Responsibility

Corporate Social Responsibility

Organization's moral obligation toward its

stakeholders

Stakeholders Shareholders, customers, suppliers, governments etc.

Triple bottom line philosophy

Economic, social & environmental

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OrganizationalBehavior

Anchors

MultidisciplinaryAnchor

Systematic

ResearchAnchor

ContingencyAnchor

Open SystemsAnchor

Multiple Levelsof AnalysisAnchor

Organizational Behavior Anchors

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Organizational Behavior Anchors

Multidisciplinary anchor

Many OB concepts adopted from other disciplines

OB develops its own models and theories, but also needs

to scan other fields for ideas

Systematic research anchor

OB researchers rely on scientific method

OB also adopting grounded theory and similar qualitative

approaches to knowledge

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Organizational Behavior Anchors(cont)

Contingency anchor

A particular action may have different consequences in

different situations

Need to diagnose the situation and select best strategy

under those conditions

Multiple levels of analysis anchor

OB issues can be studied from individual, team, and/or

organizational level

Topics usually relate to all three levels

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Open Systems Anchor

Need to monitor and adapt to environment

External environment -- natural and social

conditions outside the organization

Receive inputs from environment; transform

them into outputs back to the environment

Stakeholdersanyone with a vested interest in

the organization

Organizations consist of interdependent parts

(subsystems) that need to coordinate

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Open Systems Anchor

FeedbackFeedback

FeedbackFeedback

Environment

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Knowledge Management Defined

Any structured activity that

improves an organizations

capacity to acquire, share, anduse knowledge for its survival

and success

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StructuralCapital

RelationshipCapital

Knowledge captured in systemsand structures

Value derived from satisfiedcustomers, reliable suppliers, etc.

Human CapitalKnowledge that people possess

and generate

Intellectual Capital

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Awareness

Freedom toapply

Communication

Communities ofpractice

Hiring talent

Acquiring firms

Individuallearning

Experimentation

Knowledge

acquisition

Knowledge

sharing

Knowledge

use

Knowledge Management Processes

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Organizational Memory

The storage and preservation of intellectual

capital

Retain intellectual capital by:

Keeping knowledgeable employees

Transferring knowledge to others

Transferring human capital to structural capital

Successful companies also unlearn

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Introduction to the Field of

Organizational Behavior

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Job Security vs. Employability

Job Security

Lifetime job security

Jobs are permanent

Company manages

career

Low emphasis on skill

development

Employability

Limited job security

Jobs are temporary

Career self-

management

High emphasis on skill

development

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Accountability:Nng lc chu trch nhim

C iti l Q ti

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Critical Questions 1. (Q.1) A friend suggests that organizational behavior courses are useful only to people who will enter

management careers. Discuss the accuracy of your friends statement.

T F l Q ti

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True-False Questions 1. Scholars have been studying organizational behavior since the days of Greek philosophers.

True False

2. In order for something to be called an organization it must have buildings and equipment.

True False

3. All organizations have a collective sense of purpose, even though this purpose might not be fully

understood or agreed upon.

True False

4. Social entities are called organizations only when their members have complete agreement on the goals

they want to achieve.

True False

5. An important principle in organizational behavior is that OB theories should never be used to predict or

influence organizational events.

True False

M lti l Ch i Q ti

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Multiple Choice Questions 49. Which of these statements about the field of organizational behavior is FALSE?

A. Organizational behavior scholars study individual, team and structural characteristics that influence behavior within

organizations.

B. Leadership, communication and other organizational behavior topics were not discussed by scholars until the 1940s

C. Organizational behavior emerged as a distinct field around the 1940s.D. The field of OB has adopted concepts and theories from other fields of inquiry.

E. OB scholars study what people think, feel and do in and around organizations.

50. Which of these statements about the field of organizational behavior is TRUE?

A. Organizational behavior emerged as a distinct field during the 1980s.

B. The origins of some organizational behavior concepts date back to Plato and other Greek philosophers.

C. Information technology has almost no effect on organizational behavior.

D. The field of organizational behavior relies exclusively on ideas generated within the field by organizational behaviorscholars.

E. The origins of organizational behavior are traced mainly to the field of economics.