CHANNEL CATFISH CULTURE IN THE UNITED … CATFISH CULTURE IN THE UNITED STATES BY ... Catfish are...
Transcript of CHANNEL CATFISH CULTURE IN THE UNITED … CATFISH CULTURE IN THE UNITED STATES BY ... Catfish are...
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CHANNEL CATFISH CULTURE
IN THE
UNITED STATES BY
Leonard Lovshin
Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures
Auburn University, AL 36849
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Channel Catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus )
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Native Range Of Channel Catfish In The United
States
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Food Habits
omnivorous
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Preferred Habitat
Rivers Reservoirs and lakes
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Reproductive Life History
1. Sexual maturity is reached in 2 to 3 years in the
southeastern U. S.
2. Spawning takes place in a cavity formed by rocks,
logs or a hole in a lake or river bank.
3. Preferred spawning water temperatures: 70 to 84 F,
with optimal temperature 75 to 79 F.
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Sexual behavior
1. Males defend a
territory/cavity.
2. Female enters the cavity and
spawns.
3. Males incubate eggs and
defend fry.
4. Males can spawn with more
than one female a season.
Spawning cavity
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Catfish are grown in 5 to 25 acre earthen ponds with flat bottoms and drain pipes.
Levee ponds Hillside pond
Flat pond bottom
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Catfish ponds are filled with either:
Well water Filtered surface
water or rainfall
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Spawning in captivity:
Stock adults 3 to 8 years old
female male
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Spawning Containers
float
Ammo cans Milk cans
Wooden box Boxes in spawning pond
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Spawning occurs during May and June in
the Southeastern U. S. Spawning cans are
checked every 2 to 3 days for spawns.
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Eggs are placed in 5-mm square wire mesh
baskets suspended in a paddlewheel
incubator.
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Eggs hatch in 5 to 6 days at water
temperatures of 75 to 80 F.
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Fry ( small catfish ) are stocked into ponds and cultured
to fingerlings in 6 to 8 months. Fingerlings are stocked
into fattening ponds during January to March for
growth to market size
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Floating pellets are
distributed by a feed
blower mounted on a
truck.
corn wheat soybean
Floating pellets
Trucked mounted fish feeder
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Catfish are fed what they will eat
Feeding catfish
Catfish feeding on surface
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Dissolved oxygen concentration is
checked night and day to assure
that levels remain above 2 ppm.
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Electric ( fixed ) and tractor ( mobile )
powered paddlewheels are used to increase
Dissolved oxygen levels.
No water exchange is practiced because ponds are
large and pumping water is costly.
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Low Dissolved oxygen can kill catfish within
1 or 2 hours.
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Many diseases cause fish mortality.
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Birds consume many fish in some regions.
Gas cannon to
scare the birds
Shoo !
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Catfish are grown 12 to 18 months in fattening ponds
before reaching a harvest size of 1.5 to 2.5 lbs. Catfish
are removed from the pond with a seine stored on a
hydraulic reel powered by a tractor.
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Catfish are retained in a holding net overnight
to eliminate small catfish. Fish are crowded for
loading onto the transport truck.
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Catfish are weighed onto
trucks taking the fish to
the processing factory.
scale
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Fish are checked for off-flavor 2 weeks, 1 day
and upon arrival at the processor. Off-flavor
fish are not harvested.
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Catfish are weighed a second time upon
arrival at the processor. Fish arrive alive.
scale
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Catfish are cleaned, filleted and frozen by the processor.
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The catfish industry
maintains a quality
control program to
insure the consumer
a fresh and healthy
product.
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Principle farming states are located in
the Southeastern U. S.. Mississippi ( MS )
Alabama ( AL ) and Arkansas ( AR ) produced
93 % of the farmed catfish in 2010.
Mississippi
accounts for
54% of
farmed
catfish
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The channel catfish industry developed in the
Southeast because:
4. Close to major grain farming regions - cheap fish
feeds
3. Abundant water and clay soils
2. Warm climate
1. Popular food fish - market
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Channel Catfish Live Weight Processed
and Average Price per Pound, 2010
YEAR LIVE WEIGHT AVG. PRICE*
PROCESSED, lb PER lb, $US.
------- --------------------- -----------------
2010 479,000,000 80.2 cents
* Price to farmer for fish delivered to the processing plant
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Species Lbs.
1 Shrimp 4.0 2 Canned Tuna 2.7 3 Salmon 1.999 4 Tilapia 1.450 5 Pollock 1.192 6 Catfish 0.800 7 Crab 0.573 8 Cod 0.463 9 Pangasius 0.405 10 Clams 0.341 Total All Species 15.8
U.S. Per-Capita Consumption in 2010 By Species in Pounds
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EAT MORE
CATFISH
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