Chanmuniya v Virendra Kumar

8/12/2019 Chanmuniya v Virendra Kumar

1/23

REPORTABLE

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIACIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION

CIVIL APPEAL NO._____ OF 2010(Arising out of SLP (Civil No!"#$%" of &$$'

C )n*uni+) !!A,,-ll)nt(s

Versus

Vir-n.r) /u*)r Sing /us 0) ) 1 Anr! !!R-s,on.-nt(s

J U D G M E N T

GANGULY, J.

"!L-)v- gr)nt-.!

2. On- S)r2u Sing /us 0) ) ). t0o sons3 R)* S)r)n

(-l.-r son )n. Vir-n.r) /u*)r Sing /us 0) )

(+oung-r son )n. t - first r-s,on.-nt ! T -

),,-ll)nt3 C )n*uni+)3 0)s *)rri-. to R)* S)r)n )n.

). & .)ug t-rs4As )3 t - first on-3 0)s 5orn in

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2/23

"'66 )n. Us )3 t - s-7on. .)ug t-r3 0)s 5orn in

"''$! R)* S)r)n .i-. on %!$8!"''&!

3. T -r-)ft-r3 t - ),,-ll)nt 7ont-n.-. t )t s - 0)s

*)rri-. off to t - first r-s,on.-nt )s ,-r t -

7usto*s )n. us)g-s ,r-v)l-nt in t - /us 0) )

7o**unit+ in "''9! T - 7usto* )ll-g-.l+ 0)s t )t

)ft-r t - .-)t of t - us5)n.3 t - 0i.o0 0)s

*)rri-. off to t - +oung-r 5rot -r of t - us5)n.!

T - ),,-ll)nt 0)s *)rri-. off in )77or.)n7- 0it t -

lo7)l 7usto* of /)t ) )n. Sin.ur! T - ),,-ll)nt

7ont-n.-. t )t s - )n. t - first r-s,on.-nt 0-r-

living tog-t -r )s us5)n. )n. 0if- )n. ).

.is7 )rg-. )ll *)rit)l o5lig)tions to0)r.s -)7

ot -r! T - ),,-ll)nt furt -r 7ont-n.-. t )t )ft-r

so*- ti*- t - first r-s,on.-nt st)rt-. )r)ssing )n.

torturing t - ),,-ll)nt3 sto,,-. -r *)int-n)n7- )n.

)lso r-fus-. to .is7 )rg- is *)rit)l o5lig)tions

to0)r.s -r!

4. As ) r-sult3 s - initi)t-. ,ro7--.ings un.-r S-7tion

" of t - Cr!P!C! for *)int-n)n7- (No!&$:"''%

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5-for- t - " st A..ition)l Civil Ju.g-3 Mo )*).)5).3

; )


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T - Hig Court in its 2u.g*-nt .)t-. &6!""!&$$% 0)s

of t - o,inion t )t t - -ss-nti)ls of ) v)li. Hin.u

*)rri)g-3 )s r->uir-. un.-r S-7tion % of t - Hin.u

M)rri)g- A7t3 ). not 5--n ,-rfor*-. 5-t0--n t -

first r-s,on.-nt )n. t - ),,-ll)nt )n. -l. t )t t -

first r-s,on.-nt 0)s not t - us5)n. of t -

),,-ll)nt )n. t us r-v-rs-. t - fin.ings of t -

Tri)l Court!

8. Aggri-v-. 5+ t - )for-s)i. 2u.g*-nt of t - Hig

Court3 t - ),,-ll)nt soug t ) r-vi-0 of t - or.-r

.)t-. &6!""!&$$%! T - r-vi-0 ,-tition 0)s .is*iss-.

on &8!$"!&$$' on t - groun. t )t t -r- 0)s no -rror

),,)r-nt on t - f)7- of t - r-7or. of t - 2u.g*-nt

.)t-. &6!""!&$$%!

9. H-n7-3 t - ),,-ll)nt ),,ro)7 -. t is Court 5+ 0)+ of

) s,-7i)l l-)v- ,-tition )g)inst t - i*,ugn-. or.-rs

.)t-. &6!""!&$$% )n. &8!$"!&$$'!

10. On- of t - *)2or issu-s 0 i7 7ro,,-. u, in t -

,r-s-nt 7)s- is 0 -t -r or not ,r-su*,tion of )

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*)rri)g- )ris-s 0 -n ,)rti-s liv- tog-t -r for )

long ti*-3 t us giving ris- to ) 7l)i* of

*)int-n)n7- un.-r S-7tion " Cr!P!C! In ot -r

0or.s3 t - >u-stion is 0 )t is *-)nt 5+ ?0if-@ un.-r

S-7tion " of Cri*in)l Pro7-.ur- Co.- -s,-7i)ll+

)ving r-g)r. to - ,l)n)tion un.-r 7l)us- (5 of t -

S-7tion!

11. T us3 t - >u-stion t )t )ris-s is 0 -t -r ) *)n )n.

0o*)n living tog-t -r for ) long ti*-3 -v-n 0it out

) v)li. *)rri)g-3 0oul. r)is- )s in t - ,r-s-nt

7)s-3 ) ,r-su*,tion of ) v)li. *)rri)g- -ntitling

su7 ) 0o*)n to *)int-n)n7-!

12. On t - >u-stion of ,r-su*,tion of *)rri)g-3 0- *)+

us-full+ r-f-r to ) .-7ision of t - Hous- of Lor.s

r-n.-r-. in t - 7)s- of Lousia A !"ai ! Pi!#s $

F"o#!%&! A.M. D! '!##i(u!% v! )i# *!%#+ )a u!" Pi!#s

B("6=' II HLC 88" 3 in 0 i7 t -ir Lor.s i,s

o5s-rv-. t )t t - >u-stion of v)li.it+ of ) *)rri)g-

7)nnot 5- tri-. li - )n+ ot -r issu- of f)7t

in.-,-n.-nt of ,r-su*,tion! T - Court -l. t )t l)0

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0ill ,r-su*- in f)vour of *)rri)g- )n. su7

,r-su*,tion 7oul. onl+ 5- r-5utt-. 5+ strong )n.

s)tisf)7tor+ -vi.-n7-!

13. In Li-ut-n)nt C.-. Ca /!"" v! Jo % A.G. Ca /!""

B("69% L)0 R-,! & HL &9' 3 )lso no0n )s t -

Breadalbane case 3 t - Hous- of Lor.s -l. t )t

7o )5it)tion3 0it t - r->uir-. r-,ut-3 )s us5)n.

)n. 0if-3 0)s ,roof t )t t - ,)rti-s 5-t0--n

t -*s-lv-s ). *utu)ll+ 7ontr)7t-. t - *)tri*oni)l

r-l)tion! A r-l)tions i, 0 i7 *)+ 5- ).ult-rous )t

t - 5-ginning *)+ 5-7o*- *)tri*oni)l 5+ 7ons-nt!

T is *)+ 5- -vi.-n7-. 5+ )5it )n. r-,ut-! In t -

inst)nt 7)s- 5ot t - ),,-ll)nt )n. t - first

r-s,on.-nt 0-r- r-l)t-. )n. liv-. in t - s)*- ous-

)n. 5+ ) so7i)l 7usto* 0-r- tr-)t-. )s us5)n. )n.

0if-! T -ir *)rri)g- 0)s sol-*ni


7/23

strong-r t )n ) ,r-su*,tion in r-g)r. to ot -r

f)7ts!

14. Ag)in in )as #+ V!"ai !# A#o%!(a#+ $ is 3i4! v!

)! /!&u + Via(a"i! $ O#s. B("66" 9 AC 89= 3 it 0)s

-l. t )t 0 -r- ) *)n )n. 0o*)n )r- ,rov-. to )v-

liv-. tog-t -r )s *)n )n. 0if-3 t - l)0 0ill

,r-su*-3 unl-ss t - 7ontr)r+ is 7l-)rl+ ,rov-.3 t )t

t -+ 0-r- living tog-t -r in 7ons->u-n7- of ) v)li.

*)rri)g-3 )n. not in ) st)t- of 7on7u5in)g-!

15. In In.i)3 t - s)*- ,rin7i,l-s )v- 5--n follo0-. in

t - 7)s- of A. Di%o a + v! -.L. Ba"a a + BAIR "'&%

P!C! "6# 3 in 0 i7 t - Priv+ Coun7il l)i. .o0n t -

g-n-r)l ,ro,osition t )t 0 -r- ) *)n )n. 0o*)n )r-

,rov-. to )v- liv-. tog-t -r )s *)n )n. 0if-3 t -

l)0 0ill ,r-su*-3 unl-ss3 t - 7ontr)r+ is 7l-)rl+

,rov-.3 t )t t -+ 0-r- living tog-t -r in

7ons->u-n7- of ) v)li. *)rri)g-3 )n. not in ) st)t-

of 7on7u5in)g-!

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16. In Mo a//a A"i ' a% v! Mu a a I/#a i ' a% a%

O#s. BAIR "'&' PC "8# 3 t - Priv+ Coun7il )s l)i.

.o0n t )t t - l)0 ,r-su*-s in f)vour of *)rri)g- )n.

)g)inst 7on7u5in)g- 0 -n ) *)n )n. 0o*)n )v-

7o )5it-. 7ontinuousl+ for nu*5-r of +-)rs!

17. In t - 7)s- of Go5a" C a% v! Pa#6i% 'u a#i BAIR

"'#& SC &8" 3 t is Court -l. t )t 7ontinuous 7o4

)5it)tion of *)n )n. 0o*)n )s us5)n. )n. 0if- *)+

r)is- t - ,r-su*,tion of *)rri)g-3 5ut t -

,r-su*,tion 0 i7 *)+ 5- .r)0n fro* long 7o4

)5it)tion is r-5utt)5l- )n. if t -r- )r-

7ir7u*st)n7-s 0 i7 0-) -n )n. .-stro+ t )t

,r-su*,tion3 t - Court 7)nnot ignor- t -*!

18. Furt -r3 in t - 7)s- of Ba #i P#asa v! D+. Di#!& o#

o4 Co%so"i a io% $ O#s. B("'%6 8 SCC #&% 3 t -

Su,r-*- Court -l. t )t ) strong ,r-su*,tion )ris-s

in f)vour of 0-.lo7 0 -r- t - ,)rtn-rs )v- liv-.

tog-t -r for ) long s,-ll )s us5)n. )n. 0if-!

Alt oug t - ,r-su*,tion is r-5utt)5l-3 ) -)v+

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5ur.-n li-s on i* 0 o s-- s to .-,riv- t -

r-l)tions i, of l-g)l origin!

19. Ag)in3 in Tu"sa a% O#s. v! Du#( a i+a $ O#s. B&$$6

(= SCC #&$ 3 t is Court -l. t )t 0 -r- t -

,)rtn-rs liv-. tog-t -r for ) long s,-ll )s us5)n.

)n. 0if-3 ) ,r-su*,tion 0oul. )ris- in f)vour of )

v)li. 0-.lo7 !

&$!Sir J)*-s Fit< St-, -n3 0 o ,ilot-. t - Cri*in)l

Pro7-.ur- Co.- of "6%&3 ) l-g)l *-*5-r of Vi7-ro+@s

Coun7il3 .-s7ri5-. t - o52-7t of S-7tion " of t -

Co.- (it 0)s S-7tion #89 in "6%& Co.- )s ) *o.- of

,r-v-nting v)gr)n7+ or )t l-)st ,r-v-nting its

7ons->u-n7-s!

21. T -n 7)*- t - "6'6 Co.- in 0 i7 t - s)*- ,rovision

0)s in C ),t-r VI S-7tion =66 of t - Co.-! T -

- )7t ,rovision of S-7tion =66(" of t - "6'6 Co.-

runs )s follo0s

G=66! (" If )n+ ,-rson )ving suffi7i-nt*-)ns n-gl-7ts or r-fus-s to *)int)in is

0if- or is l-giti*)t- or ill-giti*)t-7 il. un)5l- to *)int)in its-lf3 t -

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Distri7t M)gistr)t-3 ) Pr-si.-n7+M)gistr)t-3 ) Su54.ivision)l M)gistr)t- or) M)gistr)t- of t - first 7l)ss *)+3 u,on,roof of su7 n-gl-7t or r-fus)l3 or.-rsu7 ,-rson to *) - ) *ont l+ )llo0)n7-

for t - *)int-n)n7- of is 0if- or su77 il.3 )t su7 *ont l+ r)t-3 not - 7--.ingfiv- un.r-. ru,--s in t - 0 ol- )s su7M)gistr)t- t in s fit3 )n. to ,)+ t - s)*-to su7 ,-rson )s t - M)gistr)t- fro* ti*-to ti*- .ir-7ts!

22. In Ja(i# 'au# $ A%#. v! Jas3a% )i%( BAIR "'98 SC

"#&" 3 t - Su,r-*- Court o5s-rv-. 0it r-s,-7t to

C ),t-r VI of Cr!P!C! of "6'6 t )t ,rovisions for

*)int-n)n7- of 0iv-s )n. 7 il.r-n int-n. to s-rv- )

so7i)l ,ur,os-! S-7tion =66 ,r-s7ri5-s foru*s for )

,ro7--.ing to -n)5l- ) .-s-rt-. 0if- or ) -l,l-ss

7 il.3 l-giti*)t- or ill-giti*)t-3 to g-t urg-nt

r-li-f!

23. In Na%a5 C a% v! C a% #a 'is o#! A((a#3a" $ O#s.

B"'9' (8 SCC 6$& 3 t - Su,r-*- Court3 .is7ussing

S-7tion =66 of t - ol.-r Cr!P!C3 virtu)ll+ 7)*- to

t - s)*- 7on7lusion t )t S-7tion =66 ,rovi.-s )

su**)r+ r-*-.+ )n. is ),,li7)5l- to )ll ,-rsons

5-longing to )n+ r-ligion )n. )s no r-l)tions i,

0it t - ,-rson)l l)0 of t - ,)rti-s!

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24. In Ca ai% Ra !s C a% !# 'aus a" v! V!!%a 'aus a"

a% O#s. BAIR "'%6 SC "6$% 3 t is Court -l. t )t

S-7tion " is ) r-in7)rn)tion of S-7tion =66 of t -

Cr!P!C! of "6'6 - 7-,t for t - f)7t t )t ,)r-nts

)v- )lso 5--n 5roug t into t - 7)t-gor+ of ,-rsons

-ntitl-. for *)int-n)n7-! It o5s-rv-. t )t t is

,rovision is ) *-)sur- of so7i)l 2usti7- s,-7i)ll+

-n)7t-. to ,rot-7t3 )n. in i5it n-gl-7t of 0o*-n3

7 il.r-n3 ol. )n. infir* )n. f)lls 0it in t -

7onstitution)l s0--, of Arti7l- "#(8 r-infor7-. 5+

Arti7l- 8'! S,-) ing for t - -n7 Justi7- /ris n)

I+-r o5s-rv-. t )t4 G - )v- no .ou5t t )t s-7tions

of st)tut-s 7)lling for 7onstru7tion 5+ 7ourts )r-

not ,-trifi-. ,rint 5ut vi5r)nt 0or.s 0it so7i)l

fun7tions to fulfill! T - 5roo.ing ,r-s-n7- of t -

7onstitution)l -*,)t + for t - 0-) -r s-7tions li -

0o*-n )n. 7 il.r-n *ust infor* int-r,r-t)tion if it

is to )v- so7i)l r-l-v)n7-! So vi-0-.3 it is

,ossi5l- to 5- s-l-7tiv- in ,i7 ing out t )t

int-r,r-t)tion out of t0o )lt-rn)tiv-s 0 i7 ).v)n7-

t - 7)us-4 t - 7)us- of t - .-r-li7ts! (P)r) ' on

,)g-s "6$'4"$

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12/23

25. Ag)in in Vi a"a 7'8 v! V!!#as3a + 7'8 B("''" & SCC

8%# 3 ) t r--4Ju.g- -n7 of t is Court -l. t )t

S-7tion " of t - Co.- of "'%8 is *-)nt to )7 i-v-

) so7i)l ,ur,os- )n. t - o52-7t is to ,r-v-nt

v)gr)n7+ )n. .-stitution! E ,l)ining t - *-)ning of

t - 0or. ?0if-@ t - Court -l.

GKT - o52-7t is to ,r-v-nt v)gr)n7+ )n..-stitution! It ,rovi.-s ) s,--.+ r-*-.+for t - su,,l+ of foo.3 7lot ing )n.s -lt-r to t - .-s-rt-. 0if-! -n )n)tt-*,t is *).- 5+ t - us5)n. to n-g)tiv-t - 7l)i* of t - n-gl-7t-. 0if- .-,i7ting

-r )s ) -,t4*istr-ss on t - s,-7ious,l-) t )t - 0)s )lr-).+ *)rri-.3 t -7ourt 0oul. insist on stri7t ,roof of t --)rli-r *)rri)g-! T - t-r* ?0if-@ inS-7tion " of t - Co.- of Cri*in)lPro7-.ur-3 in7lu.-s ) 0o*)n 0 o )s 5--n.ivor7-. 5+ ) us5)n. or 0 o )s o5t)in-.) .ivor7- fro* -r us5)n. )n. )s notr-*)rri-.! T - 0o*)n not )ving t - l-g)lst)tus of ) 0if- is t us 5roug t 0it int - in7lusiv- .-finition of t - t-r*?0if-@ 7onsist-nt 0it t - o52-7tiv-!!! G

26. T us3 in t os- 7)s-s 0 -r- ) *)n3 0 o liv-. 0it )

0o*)n for ) long ti*- )n. -v-n t oug t -+ *)+ not

)v- un.-rgon- l-g)l n-7-ssiti-s of ) v)li.

*)rri)g-3 s oul. 5- *).- li)5l- to ,)+ t - 0o*)n

*)int-n)n7- if - .-s-rts -r! T - *)n s oul. not 5-

)llo0-. to 5-n-fit fro* t - l-g)l loo, ol-s 5+

-n2o+ing t - ).v)nt)g-s of ) de facto *)rri)g-

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13/23

0it out un.-rt) ing t - .uti-s )n. o5lig)tions! An+

ot -r int-r,r-t)tion 0oul. l-). t - 0o*)n to

v)gr)n7+ )n. .-stitution3 0 i7 t - ,rovision of

*)int-n)n7- in S-7tion " is *-)nt to ,r-v-nt!

27. T - Co**itt-- on R-for*s of Cri*in)l Justi7- S+st-*3

-).-. 5+ Dr! Justi7- V!S! M)li*)t 3 in its r-,ort

of &$$8 o,in-. t )t -vi.-n7- r-g)r.ing ) *)n )n.

0o*)n living tog-t -r for ) r-)son)5l+ long ,-rio.

s oul. 5- suffi7i-nt to .r)0 t - ,r-su*,tion t )t

t - *)rri)g- 0)s ,-rfor*-. )77or.ing to t -

7usto*)r+ rit-s of t - ,)rti-s! T us3 it r-7o**-n.-.

t )t t - 0or. ?0if-@ in S-7tion " Cr!P!C! s oul.

5- )*-n.-. to in7lu.- ) 0o*)n 0 o 0)s living 0it

t - *)n li - is 0if- for ) r-)son)5l+ long ,-rio.!

28. T - Constitution -n7 of t is Court in Mo a a

A ! ' a% v! ) a Ba%o B!(u $ O#s. r-,ort-. in

B("'6# & SCC ##9 3 7onsi.-ring t - ,rovision of

S-7tion " of t - "'%8 Co.-3 o,in-. t )t t - s)i.

,rovision is trul+ s-7ul)r in 7 )r)7t-r )n. is

.iff-r-nt fro* t - ,-rson)l l)0 of t - ,)rti-s! T -

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14/23

Court furt -r -l. t )t su7 ,rovisions )r-

-ss-nti)ll+ of ) ,ro, +l)7ti7 7 )r)7t-r )n. 7ut

)7ross t - 5)rri-rs of r-ligion! T - Court furt -r

-l. t )t t - li)5ilit+ i*,os-. 5+ S-7tion " to

*)int)in 7los- r-l)tiv-s3 0 o )r- in.ig-nt3 is

foun.-. u,on t - in.ivi.u)l@s o5lig)tion to t -

so7i-t+ to ,r-v-nt v)gr)n7+ )n. .-stitution!

29. In ) su5s->u-nt .-7ision3 in D3a#i5a P#asa )a a +

v! Bi +u P#a6a Di9i $ A%#. B("''' % SCC 9%# 3

t is Court -l. t )t t - st)n.)r. of ,roof of

*)rri)g- in ) S-7tion " ,ro7--.ing is not )s

stri7t )s is r->uir-. in ) tri)l for )n off-n7-

un.-r S-7tion ='= of IPC! T - l-)rn-. Ju.g-s

- ,l)in-. t - r-)son for t - )for-s)i. fin.ing 5+

ol.ing t )t )n or.-r ,)ss-. in )n ),,li7)tion un.-r

S-7tion " .o-s not r-)ll+ .-t-r*in- t - rig ts )n.

o5lig)tions of ,)rti-s )s t - s-7tion is -n)7t-.

0it ) vi-0 to ,rovi.- ) su**)r+ r-*-.+ to n-gl-7t-.

0iv-s to o5t)in *)int-n)n7-! T - l-)rn-. Ju.g-s -l.

t )t *)int-n)n7- 7)nnot 5- .-ni-. 0 -r- t -r- 0)s

so*- -vi.-n7- on 0 i7 7on7lusions of living

tog-t -r 7oul. 5- r-)7 -.! (S-- ,)r) '

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15/23

30. Ho0-v-r3 stri ing ) .iff-r-nt not-3 in Ya u%a/ai

A%a% #ao A a6 v! A%a% #ao ) i6#a A a6 a%

a%o !# 3 r-,ort-. in AIR "'66 SC 9==3 ) t0o4Ju.g-

-n7 of t is Court -l. t )t )n )tt-*,t to - 7lu.-

)ltog-t -r ,-rson)l l)0 of t - ,)rti-s in

,ro7--.ings un.-r S-7tion " is i*,ro,-r! (S-- ,)r)

9 ! T - l-)rn-. Ju.g-s )lso -l. (,)r)s = 1 6 t )t

t - - ,r-ssion ?0if-@ in S-7tion " of t - Co.-

s oul. 5- int-r,r-t-. to *-)n onl+ ) l-g)ll+ 0-..-.

0if-!

31. Ag)in in ) su5s->u-nt .-7ision of t is Court in

)a6i a/!% )o a/ a B a i+a v! ) a ! o4 Gu:a#a a%

o !#s 3 r-,ort-. in AIR &$$# SC "6$'3 t is Court

-l. o0-v-r .-sir)5l- it *)+ 5- to t) - not- of

,lig t of )n unfortun)t- 0o*)n3 0 o un0ittingl+

-nt-rs into 0-.lo7 0it ) *)rri-. *)n3 t -r- is no

s7o,- to in7lu.- ) 0o*)n not l)0full+ *)rri-. 0it in

t - - ,r-ssion of ?0if-@! T - -n7 -l. t )t t is

in).->u)7+ in l)0 7)n 5- )*-n.-. onl+ 5+ t -

L-gisl)tur-! il- 7o*ing to t - )for-s)i. fin.ing3

15


16/23

t - l-)rn-. Ju.g-s r-li-. on t - .-7ision in t -

Yamunabai case (supra) !

32. It is3 t -r-for-3 7l-)r fro* 0 )t )s 5--n .is7uss-.

)5ov- t )t t -r- is ) .iv-rg-n7- of 2u.i7i)l o,inion

on t - int-r,r-t)tion of t - 0or. ?0if-@ in S-7tion

"!

33. - )r- in7lin-. to t) - ) 5ro). vi-0 of t -

.-finition of ?0if-@ )ving r-g)r. to t - so7i)l

o52-7t of S-7tion " in t - Co.- of "'%8! Ho0-v-r3

sitting in ) t0o4Ju.g- -n7 3 0- 7)nnot3 0- )r-

)fr)i.3 t) - ) vi-0 7ontr)r+ to t - vi-0s - ,r-ss-.

in t - )5ov-*-ntion-. t0o 7)s-s!

34. Ho0-v-r3 l)0 in A*-ri7) )s ,ro7--.-. on ) slig tl+

.iff-r-nt 5)sis! T - so7i)l o5lig)tion of ) *)n

-nt-ring into ) liv-4in r-l)tions i, 0it )not -r

0o*)n3 0it out t - for*)liti-s of ) *)rri)g-3 7)*-

u, for 7onsi.-r)tion in t - A*-ri7)n 7ourts in t -

l-).ing 7)s- of Ma#6i% v! Ma#6i% B("'%9 "6 C)l!8.

99$ ! In t )t 7ont- t3 ) n-0 - ,r-ssion of

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?,)li*on+@ )s 5--n 7oin-.3 0 i7 is ) 7o*5in)tion

of ?,)l@ )n. ?)li*on+@3 5+ t - f)*ous .ivor7- l)0+-r

in t - s)i. 7)s-3 Mr! M)rvin Mit7 -lson!

35. In t - Marvin case (su,r) 3 t - ,l)intiff3 Mi7 -ll-

M)rvin3 )ll-g-. t )t s - )n. L-- M)rvin -nt-r-. into

)n or)l )gr--*-nt 0 i7 ,rovi.-. t )t 0 il- t -

,)rti-s liv-. tog-t -r t -+ 0oul. 7o*5in- t -ir

-fforts )n. -)rnings )n. 0oul. s )r- ->u)ll+ )n+ )n.

)ll ,ro,-rt+ )77u*ul)t-. )s ) r-sult of t -ir

-fforts 0 -t -r in.ivi.u)l or 7o*5in-.! T - ,)rti-s

)ll-g-.l+ furt -r )gr--. t )t Mi7 -ll- 0oul. r-n.-r

-r s-rvi7-s )s ) 7o*,)nion3 o*-*) -r3 ous- --,-r

)n. 7oo ! Mi7 -ll- soug t ) 2u.i7i)l .-7l)r)tion of

-r 7ontr)7t )n. ,ro,-rt+ rig ts3 )n. soug t to

i*,os- ) 7onstru7tiv- trust u,on on- )lf of t -

,ro,-rt+ )7>uir-. .uring t - 7ours- of t -

r-l)tions i,! T - Su,r-*- Court of C)liforni) -l.

)s follo0s

(" T - ,rovisions of t - F)*il+ L)0 A7t .o not

gov-rn t - .istri5ution of ,ro,-rt+ )7>uir-.

.uring ) non4*)rit)l r-l)tions i, su7 )

r-l)tions i, r-*)ins su52-7t sol-l+ to 2u.i7i)l

.-7ision!

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18/23

(& T - 7ourts s oul. -nfor7- - ,r-ss 7ontr)7ts

5-t0--n non4*)rit)l ,)rtn-rs - 7-,t to t - - t-nt

t )t t - 7ontr)7t is - ,li7itl+ foun.-. on t -

7onsi.-r)tion of *-r-tri7ious s- u)l s-rvi7-s!

(8 In t - )5s-n7- of )n - ,r-ss 7ontr)7t3 t -

7ourts s oul. in>uir- into t - 7on.u7t of t -

,)rti-s to .-t-r*in- 0 -t -r t )t 7on.u7t

.-*onstr)t-s )n i*,li-. 7ontr)7t3 )gr--*-nt of

,)rtn-rs i, or 2oint v-ntur-3 or so*- ot -r t)7it

un.-rst)n.ing 5-t0--n t - ,)rti-s! T - 7ourts *)+

)lso -*,lo+ t - .o7trin- of >u)ntu* *-ruit3 or

->uit)5l- r-*-.i-s su7 )s 7onstru7tiv- or

r-sulting trusts3 0 -n 0)rr)nt-. 5+ t - f)7ts of

t - 7)s-!

36. T oug in our 7ountr+3 l)0 )s not .-v-lo,-. on t -

lin-s of t - Marvin case (su,r) 3 5ut our so7i)l

7ont- t )lso is f)st 7 )nging3 of 0 i7 7ogni


19/23

)n. - ,)nsiv- .-finition to t - t-r* ?.o*-sti7

)5us-@ to in7lu.- 0it in its ,urvi-0 -v-n -7ono*i7

)5us-! ?E7ono*i7 )5us-@ )s 5--n .-fin-. v-r+

5ro).l+ in su54- ,l)n)tion (iv to - ,l)n)tion I of

S-7tion 8 of t - s)i. A7t to in7lu.- .-,riv)tion of

fin)n7i)l )n. -7ono*i7 r-sour7-s!

38. Furt -r3 S-7tion &$ of t - A7t )llo0s t - M)gistr)t-

to .ir-7t t - r-s,on.-nt to ,)+ *on-t)r+ r-li-f to

t - )ggri-v-. ,-rson3 0 o is t - )r)ss-. 0o*)n3 for

- ,-ns-s in7urr-. )n. loss-s suff-r-. 5+ -r3 0 i7

*)+ in7lu.-3 5ut is not li*it-. to3 *)int-n)n7-

un.-r S-7tion " Cr!P!C! BS-7tion &$(" (. !

8'!S-7tion && of t - A7t 7onf-rs u,on t - M)gistr)t-3

t - ,o0-r to )0)r. 7o*,-ns)tion to t - )ggri-v-.

,-rson3 in )..ition to ot -r r-li-fs gr)nt-. un.-r

t - A7t!

40. In t-r*s of S-7tion &9 of t - A7t3 t -s- r-li-fs

*-ntion-. )5ov- 7)n 5- soug t in )n+ l-g)l

,ro7--.ing3 5-for- ) 7ivil 7ourt3 f)*il+ 7ourt or )

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7ri*in)l 7ourt3 )ff-7ting t - )ggri-v-. ,-rson )n.

t - r-s,on.-nt!

41. Most signifi7)ntl+3 t - A7t giv-s ) v-r+ 0i.-

int-r,r-t)tion to t - t-r* ?.o*-sti7 r-l)tions i,@

)s to t) - it outsi.- t - 7onfin-s of ) *)rit)l

r-l)tions i,3 )n. -v-n in7lu.-s liv-4in

r-l)tions i,s in t - n)tur- of *)rri)g- 0it in t -

.-finition of ?.o*-sti7 r-l)tions i,@ un.-r S-7tion

&(f of t - A7t!

=&!T -r-for-3 0o*-n in liv-4in r-l)tions i,s )r- )lso

-ntitl-. to )ll t - r-li-fs giv-n in t - s)i. A7t!

43. - )r- t us of t - o,inion t )t if t -

)5ov-*-ntion-. *on-t)r+ r-li-f )n. 7o*,-ns)tion 7)n

5- )0)r.-. in 7)s-s of liv-4in r-l)tions i,s un.-r

t - A7t of &$$#3 t -+ s oul. )lso 5- )llo0-. in )

,ro7--.ings un.-r S-7tion " of Cr!P!C! It s--*s to

us t )t t - s)*- vi-0 is 7onfir*-. 5+ S-7tion &9 of

t - s)i. A7t of &$$#!

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44. - 5-li-v- t )t in lig t of t - 7onst)nt 7 )ng- in

so7i)l )ttitu.-s )n. v)lu-s3 0 i7 )v- 5--n

in7or,or)t-. into t - for0)r.4loo ing A7t of &$$#3

t - s)*- n--.s to 5- 7onsi.-r-. 0it r-s,-7t to

S-7tion " of Cr!P!C! )n. )77or.ingl+3 ) 5ro).

int-r,r-t)tion of t - s)*- s oul. 5- t) -n!

45. -3 t -r-for-3 r->u-st t - Hon@5l- C i-f Justi7- to

r-f-r t - follo0ing3 )*ongst ot -r3 >u-stions to 5-

.-7i.-. 5+ ) l)rg-r -n7 ! A77or.ing to us3 t -

>u-stions )r-

1. -t -r t - living tog-t -r of ) *)n )n. 0o*)n

)s us5)n. )n. 0if- for ) 7onsi.-r)5l- ,-rio.

of ti*- 0oul. r)is- t - ,r-su*,tion of ) v)li.

*)rri)g- 5-t0--n t -* )n. 0 -t -r su7 )

,r-su*,tion 0oul. -ntitl- t - 0o*)n to

*)int-n)n7- un.-r S-7tion " Cr!P!C

2. -t -r stri7t ,roof of *)rri)g- is -ss-nti)l

for ) 7l)i* of *)int-n)n7- un.-r S-7tion "

Cr!P!C! )ving r-g)r. to t - ,rovisions of

Do*-sti7 Viol-n7- A7t3 &$$#

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3. -t -r ) *)rri)g- ,-rfor*-. )77or.ing to

7usto*)r+ rit-s )n. 7-r-*oni-s3 0it out

stri7tl+ fulfilling t - r->uisit-s of S-7tion

%(" of t - Hin.u M)rri)g- A7t3 "'##3 or )n+

ot -r ,-rson)l l)0 0oul. -ntitl- t - 0o*)n to

*)int-n)n7- un.-r S-7tion " Cr!P!C!

46. - )r- of t - o,inion t )t ) 5ro). )n. - ,)nsiv-

int-r,r-t)tion s oul. 5- giv-n to t - t-r* ?0if-@ to

in7lu.- -v-n t os- 7)s-s 0 -r- ) *)n )n. 0o*)n )v-

5--n living tog-t -r )s us5)n. )n. 0if- for )

r-)son)5l+ long ,-rio. of ti*-3 )n. stri7t ,roof of

*)rri)g- s oul. not 5- ) ,r-47on.ition for

*)int-n)n7- un.-r S-7tion " of t - Cr!P!C3 so )s

to fulfil t - tru- s,irit )n. -ss-n7- of t -

5-n-fi7i)l ,rovision of *)int-n)n7- un.-r S-7tion

"!

47. - )lso 5-li-v- t )t su7 )n int-r,r-t)tion 0oul. 5-

) 2ust ),,li7)tion of t - ,rin7i,l-s -ns rin-. in

t - Pr-)*5l- to our Constitution3 n)*-l+3 so7i)l

2usti7- )n. u, ol.ing t - .ignit+ of t - in.ivi.u)l!

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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!J!

7G.). )ING*VI8

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!J!7A)O' 'UMAR GANGULY8

N-0 D-l iO7to5-r $%3 &$"$

Chanmuniya v Virendra Kumar

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