Changes on the Western Frontier Chapter 5
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Transcript of Changes on the Western Frontier Chapter 5
Changes on the Western FrontierChapter 5
Section 1: Cultures Clash on the PrairieSection 2: Settling on the Great Plains
Section 3: Farmers & the Populist Movement
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blfarm1.htm
http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/jb/civil/homested_2
http://www.nps.gov/home/index.htm
http://www.nebraskahistory.org/lib-arch/research/photos/highlite/butcher/photos.htm
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award97/ndfahtml/ngp_farm_threshing.html
http://honoringtheinventor.blogspot.com/2008/12/cast-steel-plow.html
http://students.ou.edu/M/Chad.A.Morris-1/photo.htm
Economic Crisis
• Greenbacks – Paper money issued during the Civil War that could not be exchanged for hard currency (silver or gold).
• Government began to retire greenbacks which caused the value of the money in circulation to increase.
• Significance: Farmers were paying back their loans with money that was worth more than the dollars they had borrowed.
Inflation vs. Deflation
• Inflation is when there is more $$ in circulation but the value of the $$ goes down.
• More $$ Value goes
• Deflation is when there is less $$ in circulation but the value of the $$ goes up.
• Less $$ Value goes
B
A C
DRate for the ABC Railroad
Rate for the ADC Railroad
Rate for AB Trip
Rate for AD Trip
The Grange
• Grange a.k.a. Patrons of Husbandry
• *Oliver H. Kelley• *1867• *An organization to provide a
social outlet and an educational forum for isolated farm families.
• *Became a political organization to fight the unfair treatment of farmers by railroads.http://www.mnhs.org/places/sites/ohkf/articleok.html
Farmers’ Alliance
• Members were farmers and those that sympathized with the farmers cause.– Sent lecturers to educate people about the
issues– Mary Elizabeth Lease
• Southern Alliance – largest – White Southern Farmers
• Northern Alliance• Colored Farmers’ National Alliance
Mary Elizabeth Lease
• Famous Slogan: – “Raise Less Corn and More Hell”
http://www.kancoll.org/khq/1968/68_2_clanton.htmhttp://www.kshs.org/portraits/lease_mary.htm
The Populist Movement
• Populism – the movement of the people
• Populist Party (a.k.a. People’s Party) was founded in 1892– Members
• Farmers• Workers• Those who sympathize with worker’s and farmer’s
causes
Populist Platform
• Economic Reform• 1. Increase in money supply• 2. Graduated Income Tax• 3. Federal Loan Program• Governmental Reform• 4. Direct Election of U.S. Senators• 5. Single Terms for President and V.P.• 6. Secret Ballot• Labor Reform• 7. Eight hour work day• 8. Limits on Immigration
Populist Do Well
• Populist candidates capture 5 Senate seats, 3 Governor’s Mansions, and 1,500 State Legislature Positions.
• Populist Platform will eventually be revisited during the Progressive Era and ultimately will become the Democratic Party’s Platform.
• It kept alive the idea that the government is responsible for reforming social injustice.
Panic of 1893 and Depression
• Bankrupt Railroads
• Wall Street takes a dip
• 15,000 businesses fail
• 500 banks close
• 3 million out of work / 20% unemployment
Silver or Gold• Central issue of the Election of 1896 was
which metal would be the basis of the nation’s monetary system.
Gold Bugs Silverites
Who Bankers and Business Owners Farmers & Laborers
Party Republican Democrat & Populist
What Gold standard
Less money in circulation
Bimetallism
More money in circulation
Why Loans would be repaid with stable money
Products would be sold at higher prices
Election of 1896
• William McKinley – Republican• William Jennings Bryan – Democrat
– Cross of Gold Speech– Bryan selected as the Populist Party Candidate
as well.
• McKinley’s election caused the collapse of the Populism Party.
Farming Becomes a Business
http://www.hippocampus.org/US%20History%20II