Changes

Industry and Transportation

# 1: INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION/factory system

A total change in the way things were made

OLD

NEW

RESULTS/EFFECTS SOCIAL CLASSES

& POVERTY

CHILD LABOR

URBANIZATION and Pollution

#2 Interchangeable Parts

Effects: Parts could be produced in large amounts.

Unskilled workers needed – increased effects of the Industrial revolution

# 3 Inventions = Spinning Jenny

Effects: Clothing easier to make, more factories, more unskilled workers, etc!

#4: Cotton Gin

Effect: Cotton Gin = increased the amount of slaves in the South – made south rely on slavery more than ever before

#5 Roads and Bridges

Changes: Improved travel. Government built the National Road. Private companies built turnpikes. Bridges replaced corduroy roadsEffects: people move west causing even more roads and bridges to be built!

#6 SteamboatsMade water travel much fasterGoods could be carried cheaply and quickly = make more moneyMore people could move west

#7 CanalsErie Canal: goods sent from New York City (NYC) down Ohio River. NYC: most important city in the country. (trade). Led to canals in the North and West. North and the West connected together to make money!

#8 RailroadsRailroads connected areas on land. Did not have to be near water. Most built in the North and the West.Connected North and West more!Allowed towns to be built away from water.More people could move west

Railroads Continued

What were the results of the Industrial Revolution?

• Manufacturing changed: factories and unskilled workers

• Class system: people who worked vs. people who owned/ran the factories.

–Lower class women and children forced to work in the factories

• North had factories South did not = more sectionalism!

Results continued

• Cities grew = urbanization (workers moved to cities in larger and larger numbers)

• Immigration: Jobs = brought more people (most in North)

• Population grows = More power for the North in government = more sectionalism!

What were the results of the transportation changes?

• New states (1792-1819)• Spread of people west. • Foreign and Native American problems• Spread of slavery in the South but not as

much in the North (because of environment) = sectionalism!

• New inventions to connect the new states: steamboats, canals, and trains

• North and West tied together because of canals and then railroads = made more money!

Other Results:• This economic ($) connection led to more

sectionalism• North and West were advancing the South

was not!• The National Government will have to pick

what part of the country will get what they want.

• More power for the National Government! • Conservative South will be even more

upset!

#1: What is changing/different?

A

B

#2 What is changing/different?

A

B

#3: What is changing/different?

A

B

What was the Era of Good Feelings?

• From the end of the War of 1812 to the end of James Monroe’s presidency (1824)

Why was it called this?

• One party because of the Hartford Convention. No party fighting = good feelings!

• Nationalism because of victories over Britain

• No more problems with European countries.

What did the government do to help the economy?

1. New National Bank to solve money problems (inflation = the money did not have value). New bank meant the money will mean something again.

2. New Tariff (of 1816) to keep British goods out and help American factories grow.

What did this lead to?

• Leads to sectionalism • Argument still the same

– battles over power• People in the South

were against the new plans.

• Bank was too powerful!• The tariff helped the

North and hurt the South!

The American System• What was the

American System?

• Who came up with it?

• Why didn’t it work?

• System to help build the American economy

• Road improvements, canal construction, and a higher tariff.

• Henry Clay came up with it.• Unpopular in the South

because of sectionalism. • Did not need the roads and

canals and the tariff hurt them!

How did the Federal (national) government grow in power?

Two court cases supported national government:

1.McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) –the national government had power over the states.

2.Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) – national government power over all interstate commerce = business!

VS

Why was it important?

• South unhappy about power of the government.

• Push for states’ rights and nullification begins.

• Scared of losing slavery 

• Led to arguments over slave and free states.

SOUTHERNERS

What do you see? What conclusions can you draw from this?

What was the Missouri Compromise?

• Missouri wanted to be a slave state.

• Led to a big argument over slave states and free states.

• Compromise: draw a line across the country dividing slave and free states

•Maine = new free state•Missouri = new slave state•Keep free and slave states equal•Sign of problems in the future over slavery in new parts of America

How did Foreign Policy change?• Latin American nations began to get their

independence from Spain• Britain and the United States joined together to

issue the Monroe Doctrine:• Said that no European nation should try to take

land in America anymore• United States Army led by Andrew Jackson

invaded Florida to fight Indians. • Forced Spain to give up Florida in the Adams

Onis Treaty.• Importance: The U.S. could grow without anymore

European interference = get total control of North America!

• No more European problems!• Now only had ourselves to fight with

(sectionalism)!