Change Your Bait! Eight Great Strategies to HOOK Every ...
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Multiple Intelligences From “Teachers, Change Your Bait! Brain-Compatible Differentiated Instruction,” by Martha Kaufeldt, © 2005 Crown House Publishing. Change Your Bait! Eight Great Strategies to HOOK Every Learner – The Multiple Intelligences Presenter: Martha Kaufeldt As described by Howard Gardner, a leading researcher at Harvard on the understanding of the multiple intelligences (MI), an “intelligence” is the ability to solve problems or create meaningful products in a particular setting. Gardner and his team have identified at least eight ways that we learn and know about reality that are common to all cultures, and he believes there may be more. Each of us has unique strengths based on our genetics and our environment. Each person is “smart” in his or her own way. By discovering and building on those strengths we can help students use their intelligences to enhance their understanding of new concepts. The eight intelligences Gardner identified are the most common or preferred processing and problem-solving abilities: • Verbal-Linguistic “Word Smart” • Logical-Mathematical “Logic Smart” • Visual-Spatial “Picture Smart” • Bodily-Kinesthetic “Body Smart” • Musical-Rhythmic “Music Smart” • Naturalist “Nature Smart” • Interpersonal “People Smart” • Intrapersonal “Self Smart” Students may grasp new concepts more easily if they have opportunities to process the information in a way that makes sense to them - and comes more easily to them. The following list contains some indicators to help teachers and parents determine at a glance some of the students most developed intelligences. Verbal-Linguistic = “Word Smart” A love of language and words Enjoys reading and writing Good at word games & puzzles Uses metaphors and colorful language Logical-Mathematical = “Logic Smart” Creates logical patterns Good at strategy games like chess –often competitive Enjoys numbers and calculations Uses lists and step-by-step approach Interpersonal = “People Smart” Great communicator Enjoys working with and helping others. Very social and has a lot of friends. Can read other’s intentions, moods and feelings. Intrapersonal = “Self Smart” Process and problem-solves best while alone Takes time for reflection and contemplation Not very social – independent Has strong intuitive sense 1
Transcript of Change Your Bait! Eight Great Strategies to HOOK Every ...
Multiple Intelligences
From “Teachers, Change Your Bait! Brain-Compatible Differentiated Instruction,” by Martha Kaufeldt, © 2005 Crown House Publishing.
Change Your Bait! Eight Great Strategies to HOOK Every Learner –
The Multiple Intelligences Presenter: Martha Kaufeldt As described by Howard Gardner, a leading researcher at Harvard on the understanding of the
multiple intelligences (MI), an “intelligence” is the ability to solve problems or create meaningful products in a particular setting. Gardner and his team have identified at least eight ways that we learn and know about reality that are common to all cultures, and he believes there may be more. Each of us has unique strengths based on our genetics and our environment. Each person is “smart” in his or her own way. By discovering and building on those strengths we can help students use their intelligences to enhance their understanding of new concepts. The eight intelligences Gardner identified are the most common or preferred processing and problem-solving abilities:
• Verbal-Linguistic “Word Smart” • Logical-Mathematical “Logic Smart”
• Visual-Spatial “Picture Smart”
• Bodily-Kinesthetic “Body Smart” • Musical-Rhythmic “Music Smart”
• Naturalist “Nature Smart” • Interpersonal “People Smart”
• Intrapersonal “Self Smart”
Students may grasp new concepts more easily if they have opportunities to process the
information in a way that makes sense to them - and comes more easily to them. The following list contains some indicators to help teachers and parents determine at a glance some of the students most developed intelligences.
Verbal-Linguistic = “Word Smart”
A love of language and words Enjoys reading and writing Good at word games & puzzles Uses metaphors and colorful language
Logical-Mathematical = “Logic Smart”
Creates logical patterns Good at strategy games like chess –often
competitive Enjoys numbers and calculations Uses lists and step-by-step approach
Interpersonal = “People Smart”
Great communicator Enjoys working with and
helping others. Very social and has a lot of
friends. Can read other’s intentions,
moods and feelings. Intrapersonal = “Self Smart”
Process and problem-solves best while alone Takes time for reflection and contemplation Not very social – independent Has strong intuitive sense
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Multiple Intelligences
From “Teachers, Change Your Bait! Brain-Compatible Differentiated Instruction,” by Martha Kaufeldt, © 2005 Crown House Publishing.
Visual-Spatial =“Picture Smart”
Can transform images easily to another medium such as drawing, sculpture, construction
Vivid imagination and visualization skills-creates “mental movies”
Interested in color, arrangement, texture, balance, design
Likes pictures, video, computers, TV Bodily-Kinesthetic = “Body Smart”
Prefers to learn by doing! Likes to use the whole body to
process Often very athletic and likes
sports Often a performer, dancer or actor Likes to construct and de-
construct
Musical-Rhythmic = “Music Smart”
Easily recognizes tones and rhythms.
Often sings, hums or taps when working and processing
Know the words to many songs Sensitive to environmental sounds Might play an instrument or sing
Naturalist = “Nature Smart”
Sensitivity and connection to the natural world
Notices seasonal and other environmental changes
Recognizes patterns in nature Works best outdoors or near a
window. Likes to have plants and
animals around
EIGHT GREAT STRATEGIES: Word Smart: R.A.F.T. & Books of Correspondence Number - Logic Smart: T-Charts and Timelines Picture Smart: Graphic Organizers & Illustrations Body Smart: Tableaux (Living Dioramas) & Four Corners Nature Smart: Nature Metaphors and Safari’s Music-Rhythmic Smart: Chants, Raps, and Songs Self Smart: Mental Movies and Exit Cards People Smart: Process Partners and Discussion Do
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© 2012, M
artha Kaufeldt, from
Teachers, Change Your B
ait - 2005
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Vocabulary Strategy – Frayer Model National Behaviour Support Service
Frayer Model Examples
Definition: (from textbook pg xx)
D e m o c r a c y i s t h e g o v e r n m e n t o f t h e p e o p l e , b y t h e p e o p l e , f o r t h e p e o p l e .
Definition: (in your own words) When you vote for people you want to make laws for the country.
Examples: I r e l a n d U K F r a n c e G e r m a n y U S A A u s t r a l i a
Non Examples:
China North Korea
Characteristics:
Not ruled by one person Free elections
Elected TDs Majority decides
People of the country can take part in the government
Keyword
_____________
Democracy
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Vocabulary Strategy – Frayer Model National Behaviour Support Service
Definition: - The perimeter of a shape is the distance around the edge of the object. - The perimeter of a circle is called the circumference.
- Common units: cm, m, km,
Examples: The perimeter of this rectangle is 3+7+3+7 = 20 Rectangle perimeter = 2(l+b) An example of a perimeter is the line where your wall goes on the border of your garden.
Non Examples:
Can’t find the perimeter because it’s not a closed figure.
2cm x 4cm= 8cm². This is area, not perimeter. If it was perimeter you would add all of the side lengths together.
Facts/Characteristics: Add only the numbers on the outside of the shape. All the length outside an object added together
Perimeter
Definition: A short poem of 14 lines with rhymes arranged according to a certain scheme. The poem is divided into a major group of 8 lines (the octave) followed by a minor group of 6 lines (the sestet).
Examples: How do I love thee? Let me count the ways. I love thee to the depth and breadth and height My soul can reach, when feeling out of sigh For the ends of Being and ideal Grace… Elizabeth Barrett Browning Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date… William Shakespeare
Non Examples:
Ode to a Grecian Urn by John Keats
Mid-Term Break by Seamus Heaney
Back in the Playground Blues by Adrian Mitchel
Facts: Three main types of sonnets named after the poets that used them: Shakespearean, Spenserian and Petrarchan. A strict rhyme scheme - Shakespearean sonnet is ABABCDCDEFEFGG. Written in iambic Pentameter, a poetic meter with 10 beats per line
Sonnet
Frayer Model Examples
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Vocabulary Strategy – Frayer Model National Behaviour Support Service
Frayer Model Definition: (in own words)
Examples: (from own life) Non Examples:
Characteristics/Facts:
Non Examples:
Characteristics/Facts: Definition:
Examples:
Image:
Image:
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FRAYERWINDOWS
Or a sentence Or Antonyms Or a sentence
Or a sentence Or a sentence
Or a sentence Or a sentence
Or Antonyms
Or Antonyms Or Antonyms
Or Antonyms Or Antonyms
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DailyDifferentiation
©M.Kaufeldt,2016
AcademicVocabulary–PluralizedTeachingCenters
1. WORDWINDOWS–(akaWordFourSquare,orFrayerMethod)Inonequadrant,students
writethewordandwrite(ordraw)synonymsorexamplesofthenewword.Inthesecondquadranttheywritethedefinition.Inthethirdquadranttheydrawanonlinguisticrepresentationoftheword.Inthefourthquadranttheyusethewordinasentence.ChooseatleastfourofyourwordsandcreateaWORDWINDOWforeachone.
2. CONNECTTWO:-Choosetwowordsfromyourlist.(ORDrawtwowordsfromthesmallbag.)
Describetoyourpartnerorgrouphowthosetwowordsmightberelated.Writeasentenceforhowtheyareconnected.Thentradepaperswithyourpartner.He/shecanchoosetwootherwords.
3. HEREIS…WHEREIS???Makethecardsforthegameusingatleasteight(8)ofyour
Vocabularywords.Howtoplay:Eachstudentgetsacardwithananswertoaquestionfollowedbyanewquestion.Onestudenthasacardwith‘starthere’inthemiddleofthecardabovethenewquestion.Thatstudentbeginsbyasking,“WHEREIS…?”Thestudentwiththecorrectresponsecallsout,“HEREIS…”andthenasksthenext“WHEREIS..?”(Templateprovided)
4. CROSSWORDPUZZLEGenerator:Usingafreewebapplication(orgraphpaper)…Createa
CrosswordPuzzleusingatleastsix(6)ofyourwords.http://www.printablecrosswordmaker.com,http://www.puzzle-maker.com,http://edhelper.com/crossword.htm
5. CHARADES:TaketurnsselectingaVocabularyWordtoACTOUTforyourgrouptoguess.
SelectawordoffofthelistortakeachanceandROLLTHEDICE
6. FLIPBOOK/FOLDABLE:Createanillustratedmini-dictionaryofatleasteight(8)ofyourvocabularywordsusingtheFlipBookTemplate.ORcreatea“CootieCatcher”studybook.
7. PASSWORD–GameShow:WithapartnerPlaywithtwosetsofpartners.OrTriads.One
personlookstoseewhatthePASSWORDis.He/ShegivesaSINGLE-WORDhinttotrytogettheotherpersontoguesstheword.Taketurns.Nogesturesaloud.VoiceinflectionisOK!
8. POETRYCORNER:Useatleastsixwordsinashortpoemorrapverse.SelectaBEATtouseandrecorditonyourdevice.
9. KEYCHAINNOTECARDS:Usingthesmallnote-cardsprovided,makeindividualreference
cardstohelpmemorizethewords.Putthewordandanillustrationononeside.Putthedefinitioninyourownwordsandasynonymontheflipside.Linkthecardstogetheronaring(string).
10. SYNONYMCENTER:Generatealistofwordsthathavesimilarmeaningsorarerelated.Create
awordcloudormakeanacrosticusingatleastsix(6)ofthewords.http://www.wordle.net
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RAFT Role • Audience • Format • Topic
What Is It? RAFT is an engaging, rigorous strategy developed by Holston & Santa (1985) to encourage writing across the curriculum. Instead of writing a traditional essay explaining a learned concept, students demonstrate their understanding in a specific, nontraditional format. This technique encourages creative thinking and motivates students to reflect in unusual ways about concepts they have read about.
RAFT Is an Acronym
R Role: What is the writer’s role? (e.g., reporter, observer, eyewitness, object, number)
A Audience: Who will read the writing? (e.g., teacher, students, parents, editor, community members)
F Format: What is the best way to present this writing? (e.g., article, report, letter, poem, advertisement, e-mail)
T Topic: Who or what is the subject of this writing? (e.g., scientist, prehistoric cave dweller, literary character, chemical element, physical object)
The RAFT strategy makes each student process information, rather than merely writing answers to questions. Students are more motivated to undertake a writing assignment because it addresses a variety of learning preferences. This writing-to-learn strategy engages students in explaining what they know about a topic and elaborating on the topic in a fun way.
How to Use It 1. Think about concepts or processes that you want students to learn. Consider how writing in a fun way
can enhance students’ understanding of a topic.
2. Brainstorm roles students can assume in their writing. (Think about literary or historical figures.)
3. Decide the audience, format for writing, and the best topic.
4. Assign the same role to all students—or let them choose.
5. Have students assemble a “correspondence booklet” containing several letter exchanges to add a layer of complexity.
R—Role A—Audience F—Format T—Topic Plant Sun Thank-‐you note For the sunshine
Lungs Cigarette company Complaint letter Effects of smoking
Water droplet Students Travel guide Water cycle
Waldo Reader Directions How to find me
Pioneer woman Mother (East coast) Letter Trip conditions
(RAFT, page 1 of 1)
© Martha Kaufeldt, Scotts Valley, CA Begin With the Brain
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Excerptedfrom
:ThinkBIG,StartSmall:HowtoDifferentiateInstructioninaBrain-FriendlyClassroom,Gregory&Kaufeldt,SolutionTree,2012
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gati
ve.
Nor
mal
ly, a
n at
om h
as e
qual
nu
mbe
rs o
f pr
oton
s an
d el
ectr
ons.
An ion
is a
cha
rged
ato
m
with
mor
e or
few
er e
lect
rons
tha
n pr
oton
s.Th
e at
omic w
eigh
t of
an
elem
ent
is t
he a
vera
ge n
umbe
r of
pr
oton
s pl
us n
eutr
ons.
You
can
eas
ily e
stim
ate
the
atom
ic
weig
ht: i
t is
usu
ally
2 t
o 2.
5 ti
mes
the
ato
mic
num
ber.
An elem
ent
is a
sub
stan
ce m
ade
from
one
or
mor
e at
oms
of
the
sam
e at
omic
num
ber.
A com
poun
d is
a s
ubst
ance
mad
e fr
om t
wo o
r m
ore
elem
ents
che
mic
ally
bon
ded.
Ato
ms
form
molec
ules
by bo
nding
toge
ther
. A
tom
s gi
ve, t
ake,
or
shar
e el
ectr
ons
to a
chie
ve f
ull o
uter
ele
ctro
n sh
ells
.
Elem
ents
in t
he s
ame gr
oup,
or
colu
mn,
are
sim
ilar
beca
use
they
ty
pica
lly h
ave
the
sam
e nu
mbe
r of
out
er e
lect
rons
. Th
is t
able
sh
ows
som
e ea
sy-t
o-re
mem
ber
com
mon
num
bers
for
eac
h gr
oup.
Ionic
bond
One
ato
m t
akes
an
elec
tron
fro
m a
noth
er
atom
and
the
opp
osit
ely
char
ged
ions
att
ract
.
Cova
lent
bon
dA
tom
s sh
are
thei
r ou
ter
elec
tron
s.
Met
allic
bon
dSh
ared
out
er
elec
tron
s fl
ow,
cond
ucti
ng h
eat
and
elec
tric
ity.
Ato
ms
Chem
ical B
onding
Na
Cl
Na+
Cl-
HH
O
HH
O
Salt
Silv
erW
ater
Ag
Ag
Ag
Ag
Ag
Ag
Ag
Grou
ps
Nuc
leus
of
prot
ons
and
neut
rons
Elec
tron
shel
ls
The
vale
nce
num
ber
is t
he n
umbe
r of
ele
ctro
nsgi
ven
(+) o
r ta
ken
(-) w
hen
bond
ing.
23-
1213
1415
1617
181 1 +1
Grou
p nu
mbe
rO
uter
ele
ctro
ns*
Vale
nce
num
ber*
2 +22 +2
3 +34
+4,-4
5 -36 -2
7 -18 0
* ty
pica
l
Part
icle
sPr
oton
Neu
tron
Elec
tron
+1 0 -1
Radioa
ctivity.
Ato
ms
with
the
sam
e nu
mbe
r of
pro
tons
bu
t di
ffer
ent
num
bers
of
neut
rons
are
cal
led
isot
opes
. So
me
isot
opes
are
sta
ble;
oth
ers
are
radi
oact
ive
—
thei
r nu
clei
eve
ntua
lly d
isin
tegr
ate.
The
rad
ioac
tive
ha
lf-li
fe is
the
tim
e fo
r ha
lf t
he n
ucle
i to
disi
nteg
rate
. O
n th
is c
hart
, an
elem
ent
is c
alle
d lo
ng-li
ved
if t
he
half
-life
of
any
of it
s is
otop
es is
mor
e th
an o
ne y
ear;
ot
herw
ise
it is
cal
led
shor
t-liv
ed.
radi
oact
ive, s
hort
-live
d; n
ever
fou
nd in
nat
ure,
no
uses
exc
ept a
tomi
c re
sear
ch
radi
oact
ive, s
hort
-live
d; n
ever
fou
nd in
nat
ure,
no
uses
exc
ept a
tomi
c re
sear
ch
Supe
rhea
vy E
lemen
ts
high-
melti
ng-p
oint
non-
corr
oding
meta
l;lab
ware
,su
rgica
l too
ls,ar
tifici
al jo
ints,
capa
citor
s,mo
bile p
hone
s
Hydr
ogen
1 34
1112
Lithiu
mBe
rylliu
m
Sodiu
mM
agne
sium
Pota
ssium
Calci
um
Heliu
m
Fluo
rine
Neon
Nitr
ogen
Oxyg
enBo
ron
Carb
on
Chlor
ineAr
gon
Phos
phor
usSu
lfur
Alum
inum
Silic
on
Brom
ineKr
ypto
nAr
senic
Selen
iumGa
llium
Germ
anium
Copp
erZi
ncCo
balt
Nick
elM
anga
nese
Iron
Vana
dium
Chro
mium
Scan
dium
Tita
nium
Rubid
iumSt
ront
iumRh
odium
Palla
dium
Tech
netiu
mRu
then
iumNi
obium
Moly
bden
umYt
trium
Zirc
onium
Cesiu
mBa
rium
Iridi
umPla
tinum
Rhen
iumOs
mium
Tant
alum
Tung
sten
Hafn
ium
Fran
cium
Radiu
m
Iodin
eXe
non
Antim
ony
Tellu
rium
Indiu
mTi
nSi
lver
Cadm
ium
Asta
tine
Rado
nBi
smut
hPo
lonium
Thall
iumLe
adGo
ldM
ercu
ry
Ytte
rbium
Lute
tium
Erbiu
mTh
ulium
Dysp
rosiu
mHo
lmium
Gado
linium
Terb
ium
Calif
orniu
mNo
beliu
mLa
wren
cium
Ferm
iumM
ende
levium
Eins
teini
umCu
rium
Berk
elium
Sama
rium
Euro
pium
Neod
ymium
Prom
ethiu
mCe
rium
Pras
eody
mium
Lant
hanu
m
Pluto
nium
Amer
icium
Uran
iumNe
ptun
iumTh
orium
Prot
actin
iumAc
tinium
56
2
78
910
1718
1516
1314
3536
3334
31Ge
32
5354
5152
4950
8586
8384
8182
7071
6869
6667
102
103
100
101
9899
9697
9495
9293
6465
6263
6061
7980
7778
7576
4748
4546
4344
2930
2728
2526
2324
2122
1920
4142
3940
3738
7374
72 104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
5556
5859 91
57 8990
8788
119
120
57 -
71
89 -
103
121.
..
explo
sive g
as,
light
est e
lemen
t;90
% of
atom
s in
the u
niver
se,
sun a
nd st
ars,
wate
r (H 2
0),
life'
s org
anic
molec
ules
light
est m
etal,
soft
, rea
ctive
;lig
htwe
ight
alumi
num
alloy
s,ba
tter
ies,
impa
ct-r
esist
ant
cera
mic c
ookw
are,
mood
stab
ilizer
light
weigh
t met
al;no
n-sp
arkin
gco
pper
alloy
tools
,ae
rosp
ace,
X-ra
y wind
ows,
bery
l gem
s:em
erald
s and
aqua
marin
es
soft
met
al,re
activ
e;sa
lt (N
aCl),
nerv
es,
bakin
g sod
a,an
tacid
s, lye
, soa
p,so
da as
h, gla
ss,
pape
rmak
ing,
stre
et la
mps
light
weigh
t met
al;ch
lorop
hyll i
ngr
een p
lants
,ta
lc, b
asalt
,alu
minu
m all
oys,
cars
, plan
es, b
ikes,
flare
s, sp
arkle
rs,
anta
cids
inert
gas,
seco
ndlig
htes
t elem
ent;
nucle
ar fu
sion
in su
n and
star
s,ba
lloon
s,las
ers,
supe
rcold
refr
igera
nt
yello
wish
poiso
n gas
,mo
st re
activ
eele
ment
;glo
wing
fluo
rite,
toot
hpas
te,
nons
tick c
ookw
are,
CFC
refr
igera
nts
inert
gas;
oran
ge-r
edne
on tu
bes f
orad
vert
ising
sign
s,las
ers,
supe
rcold
refr
igera
nt
color
less g
as;
78%
of ai
r,or
ganic
mole
cules
,pr
otein
, mus
cles,
DNA,
ammo
nia,
fert
ilizer
,ex
plosiv
es (T
NT),
refr
igera
nts
color
less g
as;
21%
of ai
r, H 2
O,65
% of
the b
ody,
orga
nic m
olecu
les,
blood
, bre
athin
g,fir
e, ha
lf of
Eart
h's c
rust
,mi
nera
ls, ox
ides
hard
blac
k soli
d;bo
rax
soap
,fe
rtiliz
er,
stiff
fibe
rs,
spor
ts eq
uipme
nt,
heat
-res
istan
tbo
rosil
icate
glas
s,se
mico
nduc
tors
hard
diam
ond,
soft
grap
hite;
basis
of lif
e's
orga
nic m
olecu
les,
anim
als, p
lants
,CO
2, wo
od, p
aper
,clo
th, p
lastic
,co
al, oi
l, gas
oline
gree
nish p
oison
gas;
salt
(NaC
l), b
leach
,st
omac
h acid
,dis
infec
tant
,dr
inking
wat
er,
swim
ming
pools
,PV
C pla
stic
pipes
and
bott
les
inert
gas;
1% of
air,
most
abun
dant
inert
gas,
light
bulb
s,"n
eon"
tube
s,las
ers,
weldi
ng ga
s
glowi
ng w
hite w
axy
solid
(also
red
and
black
form
s);bo
nes,
DNA,
ener
gy-s
torin
gph
osph
ates
(ATP
),fe
rtiliz
er, a
cids,
dete
rgen
t, ma
tche
sbritt
le ye
llow
solid
;sk
in, ha
ir,eg
gs, o
nions
,ga
rlic,
skun
ks,
hot s
pring
s,vo
lcano
s, gy
psum
,ru
bber
, acid
s,pa
perm
aking
light
weigh
t non
-co
rrod
ing m
etal;
kitch
enwa
re, c
ans,
foil,
mach
inery
,ca
rs, p
lanes
, bike
s,fe
ldspa
r, gr
anite
,cla
y, ce
rami
cs,
coru
ndum
, gem
s
hard
met
alloid
;qu
artz
, gra
nite,
sand
, soil
, clay
,ce
rami
cs, g
lass,
algae
, diat
oms,
semi
cond
ucto
rs,
comp
uter
chips
,sil
icone
rubb
er
dark
red
liquid
;dis
infec
tant
,po
ols an
d sp
as,
phot
o film
,fla
me re
tard
ant,
leade
d ga
solin
e,se
dativ
es
inert
gas;
high-
inten
sity
lamps
, hea
dligh
ts,
flash
light
s,lan
tern
s,"n
eon"
tube
s,las
ers
britt
le me
tallo
id;po
isons
,se
mico
nduc
tors
,lig
ht-e
mitt
ingdio
des (
LEDs
)(G
aAs),
signa
l ligh
ts,
tiny l
aser
s
britt
le gr
ay so
lid;
phot
ocop
iers,
laser
ers,
phot
ocell
s,re
d gla
ss,
dand
ruff
sham
poo,
rubb
er
soft
met
al, m
elts
on a
hot d
ay;
semi
cond
ucto
rs,
light
-emi
tting
diode
s (LE
Ds)
(GaA
s),sig
nal li
ghts
,tin
y las
ers
britt
le me
tallo
id;se
mico
nduc
tors
,tr
ansis
tors
,re
ctifi
ers,
diode
s,ph
otoc
ells,
lense
s,inf
rare
d wi
ndow
s
color
ed m
etal,
cond
ucts
heat
and
elect
ricity
well
;wi
res,
cook
ware
,br
ass (
Cu-Z
n),
bron
ze (C
u-Sn
),co
ins, p
ipes,
blue c
rab
blood
non-
corr
oding
meta
l;ga
lvaniz
ed st
eel,
bras
s (Cu
-Zn)
,ba
tter
ies, w
hite
paint
, pho
spho
rsin
TVs a
nd la
mps,
fert
ilizer
hard
met
al,ma
gnet
ic;ha
rd st
rong
stee
l,cu
tting
tools
,tu
rbine
s,ma
gnet
s (Al
-Ni-C
o),blu
e glas
s, ce
rami
cs,
vitam
in B-
12
mediu
m-ha
rdme
tal, m
agne
tic;
stain
less s
teel
(Fe-
Cr-N
i),kit
chen
ware
,nic
hrom
e hea
ters
,nic
ad b
atte
ries,
coins
, Ear
th's
core
hard
met
al;ha
rd to
ugh s
teel,
eart
hmov
ers,
rock
crus
hers
,ra
ils, p
lows,
axes
,ba
tter
ies,
fert
ilizer
,am
ethy
sts
mediu
m-ha
rdme
tal, m
agne
tic;
stee
l allo
ysar
e mos
tly ir
on,
stru
ctur
es,
vehic
les, m
agne
ts,
Eart
h's c
ore,
red
rock
s, blo
od
hard
shiny
met
al;st
ainles
s ste
el(F
e-Cr
-Ni),
kitch
enwa
re,
nichr
ome h
eate
rs,
car t
rim, p
aints
,re
cord
ing ta
pe,
emer
alds &
rubie
s
non-
corr
oding
hard
shiny
met
al;lab
ware
,re
flect
ors,
elect
ric co
ntac
ts,
ther
moco
uples
,ca
talys
t,po
llutio
n con
trol
non-
corr
oding
hard
met
al,ab
sorb
s hyd
roge
n;lab
ware
,ele
ctric
cont
acts
,de
ntist
ry,
cata
lyst,
pollu
tion c
ontr
ol
radio
activ
e,lon
g-liv
ed;
first
huma
n-ma
deele
ment
, only
trac
es on
Ear
thbu
t fou
nd in
star
s,me
dical
diagn
ostic
trac
er
non-
corr
oding
hard
met
al;ele
ctric
cont
acts
,lea
f swi
tche
s,pe
n tips
,ca
talys
t,hy
drog
enpr
oduc
tion
high-
melti
ng-p
oint
meta
l;ha
rd st
eel,
cutt
ing to
ols,
drill
bits,
armo
r plat
e,gu
n bar
rels,
fert
ilizer
non-
corr
oding
dens
e met
al;lab
ware
,sp
ark p
lugs,
cata
lyst,
pollu
tion c
ontr
ol,pe
trole
um cr
ackin
g,pr
oces
sing f
ats
high-
melti
ng-p
oint
dens
e met
al;ro
cket
engin
es,
heat
er co
ils,
lab fi
lamen
ts,
elect
ric co
ntac
ts,
ther
moco
uples
,ca
talys
t
non-
corr
oding
hard
met
al,de
nses
t elem
ent
(same
as os
mium
);lab
ware
,sp
ark p
lugs,
pen t
ips, n
eedle
s
non-
corr
oding
high-
melti
ng-p
oint
hard
met
al,de
nses
t elem
ent
(same
as ir
idium
);ele
ctric
cont
acts
,pe
n tips
, nee
dles,
finge
rprin
t pow
der
highe
st-m
elting
-po
int m
etal,
den
se;
filam
ents
inlam
ps an
d TV
s,cu
tting
tools
,ab
rasiv
es,
ther
moco
uples
violet
-blac
k soli
d;dis
infec
tant
for
woun
ds an
ddr
inking
wat
er,
adde
d to
salt
to pr
even
tth
yroid
dise
ase,
phot
o film
inert
gas;
high-
inten
sity
lamps
, hea
dligh
ts,
stad
ium la
mps,
proj
ecto
rs,
stro
bes,
laser
s,sp
acec
raft
ion en
gines
britt
le me
tallo
id;so
lders
,lea
d ha
rden
er,
batt
eries
, bull
ets,
semi
cond
ucto
rs,
phot
ocell
s,ma
tche
s,fla
me re
tard
ant
britt
le me
tallo
id;all
oys,
semi
cond
ucto
rs,
phot
ocop
iers,
comp
uter
disk
s,th
ermo
-elec
tric
coole
rs an
dge
nera
tors
soft
met
al;so
lders
,gla
ss se
als,
glass
coat
ings,
liquid
crys
tal
displa
ys (L
CDs),
semi
cond
ucto
rs,
diode
s, ph
otoc
ells
non-
corr
oding
soft
met
al;so
lders
,pla
ted
food
cans
,br
onze
(Cu-
Sn),
pewt
er cu
ps,
glass
makin
g,fir
e spr
inkler
s
soft
shiny
met
al,co
nduc
tsele
ctric
ity b
est
of al
l elem
ents
;je
welry
,sil
verw
are,
coins
,de
ntist
ry,
phot
o film
non-
corr
oding
soft
met
al, to
xic;
elect
ropla
ted
stee
l,nic
ad b
atte
ries,
red
and
yello
wpa
ints,
fire s
prink
lers
radio
activ
e,sh
ort-
lived
;sm
all tr
aces
in na
ture
,ca
ncer
med
icine
radio
activ
e gas
,sh
ort-
lived
;en
viron
ment
alha
zard
,su
rgica
l impla
nts
for c
ance
rtr
eatm
ent
low-m
elting
-poin
tbr
ittle
meta
l;so
lders
, fus
es,
fire s
prink
lers
(plug
s melt
when
hot),
cosm
etics
pigm
ent
radio
activ
e,lon
g-liv
ed;
first
radio
activ
eele
ment
foun
d,sm
all tr
aces
in na
ture
,an
ti-st
atic
brus
hes,
toba
cco
soft
met
al,to
xic;
low-m
elting
-poin
tme
rcur
y allo
ys,
low-t
empe
ratu
reth
ermo
mete
rs,
unde
rsea
lamp
s,ph
otoc
ells
dens
e, so
ft,
non-
corr
oding
meta
l, tox
ic;we
ights
, sold
ers,
batt
eries
, bull
ets,
crys
tal g
lass,
old pl
umbin
g,ra
diatio
n shie
ld
most
mall
eable
eleme
nt, d
ense
non-
tarn
ishing
color
ed m
etal;
jewe
lry, c
oins,
ultra
-thin
gold
leaf,
elect
ric co
ntac
ts
liquid
met
al,to
xic;
ther
mome
ters
,ba
rome
ters
,th
ermo
stat
s,st
reet
lamp
s,flu
ores
cent
lamp
s,de
ntist
ry
soft
met
al,re
activ
e;sa
lts, n
erve
s,nu
trien
ts in
fruit
san
d ve
geta
bles,
soap
, fer
tilize
r,po
tash
, mat
ches
,gu
npow
der
soft
met
al;bo
nes,
teet
h, mi
lk,lea
ves,
vege
table
s,sh
ells,
cora
l,lim
esto
ne, c
halk,
gyps
um, p
laste
r,mo
rtar
, cem
ent,
marb
le, an
tacid
s
hard
met
al;ha
rd st
rong
resil
ient s
teel,
stru
ctur
es,
vehic
les, s
pring
s,dr
ivesh
afts
, too
ls,ae
rosp
ace,
violet
sapp
hires
soft
light
weigh
tme
tal;
alumi
num
alloy
s,ra
cing b
ikes,
stad
ium la
mps,
furn
ace b
ricks
,aq
uama
rines
stro
nges
tlig
htwe
ight m
etal,
heat
-res
istan
t;ae
rosp
ace,
racin
g bike
s,ar
tifici
al jo
ints,
white
paint
,blu
e sap
phire
s
soft
met
al,re
activ
e;at
omic
clock
s,glo
bal n
aviga
tion
(GPS
),va
cuum
tube
scav
enge
r
soft
met
al;re
d fir
ewor
ks,
flare
s,ph
osph
ors,
nucle
ar b
atte
ries,
medic
aldia
gnos
tic tr
acer
,nu
clear
fallo
ut
high-
melti
ng-p
oint
non-
corr
oding
meta
l;ch
emica
l pipe
lines
,su
perc
ondu
ctor
s,ma
gnet
iclev
itatio
n tra
ins,
MRI m
agne
ts
soft
met
al;ph
osph
ors i
nco
lor T
Vs,
laser
s (YA
G, Y
LF),
furn
ace b
ricks
,hig
h-te
mper
atur
esu
perc
ondu
ctor
s
non-
corr
oding
neut
ron-
resis
tant
meta
l;ch
emica
l pipe
lines
,nu
clear
reac
tors
,fu
rnac
e bric
ks,
abra
sives
,zir
con g
ems
soft
met
al, m
elts
on a
hot d
ay,
reac
tive,
large
stst
able
atom
s;at
omic
clock
s,glo
bal n
aviga
tion
(GPS
), va
cuum
tube
scav
enge
r
soft
met
al,ab
sorb
s X-r
ays;
stom
ach X
-ray
cont
rast
enha
ncer
,gr
een f
irewo
rks,
white
ner a
nd fi
ller
for p
aper
, plas
tic,
and
rubb
er
non-
corr
oding
meta
l,ab
sorb
s neu
tron
s;nu
clear
reac
tor
cont
rol r
ods i
nsu
bmar
ines,
plasm
a tor
chele
ctro
des
radio
activ
e,sh
ort-
lived
atom
s lar
ger
than
cesiu
m;sm
all tr
aces
in na
ture
,st
udied
inlas
er at
om tr
aps
radio
activ
e,lon
g-liv
ed;
lumino
us w
atch
es(n
ow b
anne
d),
medic
al ra
don
prod
uctio
n,ra
diogr
aphy
,ra
dwas
te
soft
met
al;fib
er op
ticsig
nal a
mplif
iers,
infra
red
fiber
lase
rs,
stain
less s
teel
alloy
s
soft
met
al,de
nses
t and
hard
est
rare
eart
h met
al;ca
ncer
-figh
ting
phot
odyn
amic
(ligh
t-ac
tivat
ed)
medic
ine
soft
met
al;fib
er op
ticsig
nal a
mplif
iers,
infra
red
laser
s,las
er su
rger
y,pin
k glas
s,su
nglas
ses,
vana
dium
alloy
s
soft
met
al;ra
rest
stab
lera
re ea
rth m
etal,
infra
red
laser
s,las
er su
rger
y,ph
osph
ors
soft
met
al;nu
clear
cont
rol r
ods,
MRI p
hosp
hors
,co
mput
er d
isks,
magn
etos
trict
ivesm
art m
ater
ials
(Ter
feno
l-D®)
soft
met
al;inf
rare
d las
ers,
laser
surg
ery,
eye-
safe
lase
rra
ngef
inder
s,co
mput
er d
isks,
yello
w gla
ss fi
lters
soft
met
al, b
est
neut
ron a
bsor
ber,
magn
etic;
magn
etic
reso
nanc
eim
aging
(MRI
)co
ntra
st en
hanc
er,
phos
phor
s, ne
utro
nra
diogr
aphy
soft
met
al;ph
osph
ors i
nco
lor T
Vs an
dtr
ichro
matic
lamp
s,co
mput
er d
isks,
magn
etos
trict
ivesm
art m
ater
ials
(Ter
feno
l-D®)
radio
activ
e,lon
g-liv
ed;
neve
r fou
ndin
natu
re,
scien
tific
instr
umen
ts,
mine
ral a
nalyz
ers,
radw
aste
radio
activ
e,lon
g-liv
ed;
neve
r fou
ndin
natu
re,
scien
tific
instr
umen
ts,
mine
ral a
nalyz
ers,
radw
aste
radio
activ
e,lon
g-liv
ed;
neve
r fou
ndin
natu
re,
no us
es,
radw
aste
soft
met
al;ma
gnet
s (Sm
-Co)
,ele
ctric
mot
ors,
spea
kers
and
head
phon
es,
infra
red
sens
ors,
infra
red-
abso
rbing
glass
soft
met
al;ph
osph
ors i
nco
lor T
Vs an
dtr
ichro
matic
lamp
s,lum
inous
paint
,las
ers
soft
met
al;st
rong
mag
nets
(Nd-
Fe-B
),ele
ctric
mot
ors,
spea
kers
and
head
phon
es,
laser
s,lig
hter
flint
s
radio
activ
e,lon
g-liv
ed;
huma
n-ma
de,
small
trac
esin
natu
re,
lumino
us d
ials,
shee
t thic
knes
sga
uges
soft
met
al;mo
st ab
unda
ntra
re ea
rth m
etal,
light
er fl
ints,
gas l
amp m
antle
s,se
lf-cle
aning
oven
s,gla
ss po
lishin
g
soft
met
al;to
rchw
orke
rs'
didym
ium ey
e-gla
sses
(Pr-
Nd),
light
er fl
ints,
arc l
amps
,ma
gnet
s,ye
llow
glass
soft
met
al;op
tical
glass
,te
lesco
peey
epiec
es,
came
ra le
nses
,lig
hter
flint
s,ar
c lam
ps
radio
activ
e,lon
g-liv
ed;
small
trac
esin
natu
re,
nucle
arre
acto
r fue
l,sp
acec
raft
powe
r,nu
clear
wea
pons
radio
activ
e,lon
g-liv
ed;
neve
r fou
ndin
natu
re,
smok
e det
ecto
rs,
shee
t thic
knes
sga
uges
,ra
dwas
te
radio
activ
e,lon
g-liv
ed, d
ense
;nu
clear
reac
tor f
uel,
nucle
ar w
eapo
ns,
coun
terw
eight
s,ar
mor p
iercin
gbu
llets
radio
activ
e,lon
g-liv
ed;
small
trac
esin
natu
re,
neut
ron d
etec
tors
,do
simet
ers,
nucle
ar w
eapo
ns,
radw
aste
radio
activ
e,lon
g-liv
ed;
most
abun
dant
radio
activ
e elem
ent,
nucle
arre
acto
r fue
l,ga
s lam
p man
tles,
tung
sten
filam
ents
radio
activ
e,lon
g-liv
ed;
small
trac
esin
natu
re,
no us
es,
radw
aste
radio
activ
e,lon
g-liv
ed;
small
trac
esin
natu
re,
canc
er m
edici
ne,
neut
ron s
ourc
e,ra
dwas
te
Ruth
erfo
rdium
Dubn
iumSe
abor
gium
Bohr
iumHa
ssium
Meit
neriu
mDa
rmst
adtiu
mRo
entg
enium
H LiBe
NaM
g
BC
He
NO
FNe
ClAr
PS
AlSi
BrKr
AsSe
Ga
IXe
SbTe
InSn
AtRn
BiPo
TlPb
YbLu
ErTm
DyHo
NoLr
FmM
dCf
EsCm
BkPu
AmU
Np
GdTb
SmEu
NdPm
AuHg
IrPt
ReOs
AgCd
RhPd
TcRu
CuZn
CoNi
Mn
FeV
CrSc
TiK
Ca
NbM
oY
ZrRb
Sr
TaW
Hf RfDb
SgBh
HsM
t
CsBa
CePr Pa
La AcTh
FrRa
DsRg
Cope
rnici
umCn
Fler
ovium
FlLiv
ermo
rium
LvNi
honiu
mNh
Mos
coviu
mM
cTe
nnes
sine
TsOg
anes
son
Og
Grou
p 1
2
34
56
78
910
1112
1413
1517
16
18
Periods 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 7
Hyd
roge
n be
long
s to
no
defi
nite
gro
up.
It f
orm
s co
mpo
unds
by
eith
er d
onat
ing
an e
lect
ron
like
an a
lkal
i m
etal
or
acce
ptin
g an
ele
ctro
n lik
e a
halo
gen.
Alkali M
etals
are
very
rea
ctiv
e an
d re
adily
for
m c
ompo
unds
but
are
no
t fo
und
free
in n
atur
e. T
hey
form
sa
lts
and
alka
li (a
cid-
neut
raliz
ing)
co
mpo
unds
suc
h as
bak
ing
soda
. In
pu
re f
orm
, the
y ar
e ve
ry s
oft
met
als
whic
h ca
tch
fire
on
cont
act
with
wa
ter.
Alkali Ea
rth
Met
als
are
reac
tive
an
d re
adily
for
m
com
poun
ds b
ut a
re
not
foun
d fr
ee in
na
ture
. Th
eir
oxid
es
are
calle
d al
kali
eart
hs.
In p
ure
form
, the
y ar
e so
ft
and
som
ewha
t br
ittl
e m
etal
s.
Met
alloids
are
part
ly li
ke m
etal
s an
d pa
rtly
like
non
met
als.
Fo
r ex
ampl
e, t
hey
are
sem
icon
duct
ors,
whi
ch
mea
ns t
hey
cond
uct
elec
tric
ity
in s
ome
cond
itio
ns.
Non
met
als,
in
thei
r so
lid s
tate
, ar
e us
ually
bri
ttle
(t
hey
brea
k ra
ther
th
an b
end)
and
th
ey a
re in
sula
tors
of
bot
h he
at a
nd
elec
tric
ity.
Halog
ens
are
reac
tive
no
nmet
als
and
read
ily
form
com
poun
ds b
ut a
re
not
foun
d fr
ee in
nat
ure.
Th
ey c
ombi
ne w
ith
alka
li m
etal
s to
for
m s
alts
(h
alog
en m
eans
sa
lt-f
orm
er).
Nob
le G
ases
are
inac
tive
, or
iner
t. E
ach
atom
ha
s ex
actl
y th
e nu
mbe
r of
ele
ctro
ns it
nee
ds t
o ha
ve
a fu
ll ou
ter
shel
l, so
the
se a
tom
s al
mos
t ne
ver
bond
wi
th o
ther
ato
ms.
Tha
t is
why
the
se a
re a
ll ga
ses.
Rare
Ear
th M
etals
are
all s
oft
met
als.
Th
ey a
re c
hem
ical
ly s
imila
r to
sca
ndiu
m a
nd
yttr
ium
and
are
dif
ficu
lt t
o se
para
te f
rom
ea
ch o
ther
.
Act
inide
Met
als
are
all r
adio
acti
ve
heav
y m
etal
s. T
hey
are
used
mai
nly
for
thei
r ra
dioa
ctiv
e pr
oper
ties
.
Tran
sition
Met
als
are
typi
cal m
etal
s: t
hey
are
stro
ng, s
hiny
, m
alle
able
(the
y ca
n be
ham
mer
ed in
to s
hape
), fl
exib
le (i
n th
in
shee
ts o
r wi
res)
, and
the
y co
nduc
t bo
th h
eat
and
elec
tric
ity.
Poor
Met
als
are
usua
lly
soft
and
hav
e lo
w m
elti
ng
tem
pera
ture
s.
Rare
Eart
hM
etal
s
Act
inid
eM
etal
s
The
Peri
odic
Ta
ble
of t
he
Elem
ents
, in
Wor
ds
12
Name:_______________________________________________
© 2015 Martha Kaufeldt, Scotts Valley, CA
The Scientific Method S.T.E.A.M. Work
Question
Ask
“I wonder…”
Hypothesis
Predict (Guess)
“I think…”
Experiment
Plan & Do
“I will test it by..”
Observation
Watch &
Record Data
“I see…”
Conclusion
Now you know!
“I discovered…”
13
