Change Lab/Design Lab for Social Innovation: A thought piece for ...

Change Lab/Design Lab for Social Innovation

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DRAFT: for discussion purposes only

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Change Lab/Design Lab for Social Innovation; a thought piece for the development of a new approach for building capacity for social

innovation in Canada

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Executive Summary

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1. Introduction:

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#224*40$-(A&(A4++($&&2(*0(@#"$&''(@7E#$(%"&#*494*,(#$2(4$$09#*40$(C0*&$*4#+(4$(0"2&"(*0(*4C(*@&(

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6$(*@&(+#'*(;(,&#"'(*@&"&(@#'(1&&$(#$(&IC+0'40$(08(4$*&"&'*(4$(A@#*(@#9&(1&&$(%#++&2(H@#$B&(G#1'(0"(

F&'4B$(G#1'D(?@&($&&2(*0(84$2($&A(C"0%&''&'(*0('7CC0"*(A@0+&(','*&E(*"#$'80"E#*40$(#$2(#''4'*(C&0C+&(

4$(B09&"$E&$*-(%494+('0%4&*,(0"(*@&(C"49#*&('&%*0"(*0(84$2('0+7*40$'(*0(%0EC+&I(#$2(4$*"#%*#1+&(C"01+&E'(

@#'(B"0A$(%0$*4$707'+,(E0"&(C"&''4$B-(#*(*@&('#E&(*4E&(#*(A@4%@(B09&"$E&$*("&'07"%&'(#"&(1&%0E4$B(

E0"&(C"&%#"407'D(.7%@(%@#$B&(+#1'(088&"(#(C+#%&(80"(%"&#*49&-(%"0''('&%*0"(#$2(%"0''O24'%4C+4$#",(2&%4'40$O

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#(C"0C0'#+(80"(#('0%4#+(4$$09#*40$(%@#$B&(+#1D(

2. Design or Change Labs: What are They?

H@#$B&(0"(F&'4B$(G#1(C"0%&''&'(1"4$B(*0B&*@&"(#(9#"4&*,(08('*#M&@0+2&"'(*0(2&9&+0C(#(%0EE0$(

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H@#$B&(0"(F&'4B$(G#1'(%#$(%0$27%*(E7+*4C+&(C"0%&''&'(#+0$B(*@&'&(+4$&'('4E7+*#$&07'+,(#$2-(E0"&(

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3. History and Origins of Design/Change Labs

H@#$B&(G#1'("&C"&'&$*(*@&(%0E4$B(*0B&*@&"(08(#*(+&#'*(807"(24'%4C+4$#",(#$2(*@&0"&*4%#+('*"&#E'J(

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A. Group dynamics, group psychology and complexity theory: 6$(*@&(C&"402(1&*A&&$(=[X<(#$2(=[\<(*@&(?#94'*0%M(6$'*4*7*&(4$(G0$20$-(A#'(2&9&+0C4$B(#(

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4$8+7&$*4#+D(6*(B#9&("4'&(*0(*@&($0*40$(08(B"07C(C',%@0+0B,-(B"07C(*@&"#C,(#$2(B"07C(

2,$#E4%'D(_&#$A@4+&(4$(*@&(Z.Y-(37"*(G&A4$-(0$&(08(*@&(0*@&"(8#*@&"'(08(B"07C(C',%@0+0B,-(

%"&#*&2(*@&(`#*40$#+(?"#4$4$B(G#1'(4$(*@&(Z.-(A4*@(*@&('7CC0"*(08(*@&(Z.(`#9,(#$2(*@&(

`#*40$#+(a27%#*40$(Y''0%4#*40$D(?@&(`?G(A#'(1#'&2(0$(*@&(42&#(*@#*(+&#"$4$B(#$2(

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C#"*4%4C#$*'(4$%+72&2(50''(Y'@1,-(:7+4#$(U4B&+0A-(^&4$N(90$(!0&"'*&"-(5#+C@(/&"#"2-(_0++,(

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0"4B4$'(08(%,1&"$&*4%'D(

B. Complexity theory and group psychology come together: 6$(*@&(+#*&(g<'(#$2(&#"+,(]<'-(a"4%(?"4'*(#('0%4#+('%4&$*4'*(A0"M4$B(#*(?#94'*0%M-(%0E14$&2(

*@&'&(*A0('*"&#E'(08(*@4$M4$B(R0C&$(','*&E(*@&0",(#$2(B"07C(C',%@0+0B,>2,$#E4%'K(4$*0(#(


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*@&ED((68(A&(A&"&(*0(84$2(#('0+7*40$(*0(*@&'&(1"0#2(C"01+&E'(%0$8"0$*4$B(7'(A&($&&2&2(*0(

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2,$#E4%'(#$2(B"07C(C',%@0+0B,-(17*(*@&(%0$*&$*(A#'(+&8*(*0(&E&"B&(#$2('&+8(0"B#$4N&-(4$(

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%0EC+&I4*,(*@&0",D((

C. Enter Design Thinking 6$(*@&(&#"+,(;=

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84&+2(08(2&'4B$D()4M4C&24#(2&84$&'(2&'4B$("&8&"'(#'J(

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• Creating Pathways for Innovation Y(%0"&(E&#$'(08(C"0C#B#*40$(08(4$$09#*40$'(4'(*@&(#+4B$E&$*(08(%0"&(#%*0"'D()@&$(4$$09#*40$'(

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2488&"&$*(24"&%*40$'(#$2(80"(2488&"&$*("&#'0$'D(h#"*4%4C#$*'(4$(H@#$B&(G#1'(B&*(#(%@#$%&(*0(

&IC+0"&(#$2(C"#%*4%&(0C&$$&''(4$(#('#8&(&$94"0$E&$*D((


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=g(

6*(A07+2(1&(4$*&"&'*4$B(*0(&IC&"4E&$*(A4*@(A@&*@&"(*@4'('@#C&'(@0A(*@&,("&'C0$2(07*'42&(*@&(

+#1D()@&*@&"(*@&,(@#9&(0*@&"(*00+'(*0(#''&'(4$$09#*40$'("#*@&"(*@#*(*@&,(E4B@*(0*@&"A4'&(@#9&(

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#+'0(2&'4B$&2(*0(1"4$B(*0B&*@&"(C#"*4%7+#"(C&0C+&(#$2(80'*&"("&+#*40$'@4C'(*@#*(%#$(24"&%*+,(

'7CC0"*(*@&(C"0C#B#*40$(#$2(2&9&+0CE&$*(08(4$$09#*40$'D(

• Maintaining Complexity and Moving Across Scales d$&(08(*@&(%0"&(C"01+&E'(4$('0%4#+(4$$09#*40$'(4'(*@#*(A@4+&(4$249427#+'(A0"M4$B(4$(','*&E'(@#9&(

2&&C(M$0A+&2B&(08(*@&(','*&E'(4$%+724$B(*@4$B'(*@#*(20(#$2(20($0*(A0"M(#$2(%0$*4$7#++,(

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&%0$0E4%(0"(C0+4%,(%@#$B&(#$2('0("#"&+,(87+84++(*@&4"(C0*&$*4#+D(_#$,-(E#$,(C&0C+&(&$B#B&(

24"&%*+,(A4*@(','*&E'(17*(#("&+#*49&+,('E#++($7E1&"(08(8#%*0"'(2"49&(+#"B&"('0%4&*#+(+&9&+(9#"4#1+&'D(

?@4'('4EC+484%#*40$(@&+C'(M&&C'(*@&(','*&E(*"#%*#1+&('0(*@#*(#('E#++($7E1&"(08(+&#2&"'(#*(*@&(*0C(

%#$(%#"",(A@#*(E#**&"'(#107*(4*(4$(*@&4"(@&#2(#$2(B09&"$(A4*@(+4E4*&2(M$0A+&2B&-(17*(*@&(

"4%@$&''(#$2(%0EC+&I4*,(08("&#+(','*&E'(B&*'(+0'*D(Y'(#("&'7+*-(*@&($7E1&"(08(#+*&"$#*49&'(

#9#4+#1+&(4$(*@&(24#+0B7&(4'(8#"('E#++&"(*@#$(A@#*(*@&('0%4&*,(#%*7#++,(C"027%&'D((

_02&'(08(B09&"$#$%&('74*&2(*0(%0EC+&I(','*&E'(E7'*(84$2(A#,'(*0('7CC0"*(4$80"E#*40$(*0(%"0''(

'%#+&'(#$2(80"(*@&("4%@$&''(#$2(C#**&"$4$B(08("&#+(','*&E'(*0('@#C&(2&%4'40$'(#$2("&'07"%&(8+0A'D(

Y('74*&(08(*00+'(80"(&IC+0"4$B(#$2(4E#B4$4$B(','*&E'(*0B&*@&"(4'($&%&''#",(*0(1&B4$(*0(%"&#*&(

%0""420"'(*@#*(+&*(4$$09#*40$'(%"0''('%#+&'D(H@#$B&(G#1'(*@#*('*"#*&B4%#++,(1"4$B(C&0C+&(*0B&*@&"(

#$2(&$B#B&(4$(E#CC4$B(#$2(7$2&"'*#$24$B(A@0+&(','*&E'(@#9&(*@&(C0*&$*4#+(*0(20(&I#%*+,(*@4'D((

6$('7E-!A@#*(A07+2(1&(7$4P7&(#107*(#('0%4#+(4$$09#*40$(+#1e(6$(#224*40$(*0(80'*&"4$B(#(2&B"&&(08(B&$&"#+(0C&$$&''-(*@&((.6(H@#$B&(G#1'(#"&(#+'0(2&'4B$&2(*0(1"4$B(*0B&*@&"(C#"*4%7+#"(C&0C+&(#$2(80'*&"(

"&+#*40$'@4C'(*@#*(%#$(24"&%*+,('7CC0"*(*@&(C"0C#B#*40$(#$2(2&9&+0CE&$*(08(4$$09#*40$'D(

=D .@07+2(1&(4$87'&2(#$2(B742&2(1,(*@&(.0%4#+(6$$09#*40$(E02&+(#$2(P7&'*40$'J(#(%"0''('%#+&(80%7'-(

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4D&(B#*@&"4$B('*0"4&'(#$2(&I#EC+&'(8"0E(*@&(9&",(+0%#+(#$2('C&%484%(%0$*&I*(08(4$$09#*40$(*0(*@&(

1"0#2(C0+4%,(%0$*&I*'(A@4%@(2&84$&(*@&(C#"#E&*&"'(08(4$$09#*40$D(

QD aIC&"*'(b(%7'*0E4N&2(*&#E(08(#%*494'*'-(4$$09#*0"'-(C0+4%,(E#M&"'(&*%D(C#"*4%7+#"(*0(*@&(80%#+(

C"01+&E>2&'4B$(1"4&8(c("&'07"%&'(80"(C#"*'(08(*@&(&E&"B4$B('*"#*&B,D(

XD H0EC7*&"(C"0B"#E(*0(E02&+(','*&E'(R*0(1&(2&9&+0C&2(#*()#*&"+00KL(#$2(#+'0(80"('*"#*&B4%(

2&%4'40$'(

.0%4#+(4$$09#*40$(H@#$B&(G#1'(A07+2($0*(A0"M(4$(4'0+#*40$(17*(#"&(#($#*7"#+(M&,'*0$&(*0(#$%@0"(#$2(

E#4$*#4$(#(A@0+&(&%0+0B,(08('0%4#+(4$$09#*40$('7CC0"*'D(


(

=](

References

Y$0$D(i.$#C'@0*Dj(@**CJ>>AAAD*&2D%0E>*#+M'>@#$'l"0'+4$Bl'@0A'l*@&l1&'*l'*#*'l,07l9&l&9&"l'&&$D@*E+D(

U&"B&"-()#""&$D(;<=<D(F6,22*8G&H#<&I*(,5"&J'"&@8'"(-#82&K#$8&L#863D(k4$*#B&(H#$#2#D(U40$-()4+8"&2(5D(=[]=D(MD)*8,*"+*(&,"&F8#$)(G&N"3&O.7*8&A')*8(D(?#94'*0%M(-(Z3J(h',%@0+0B,(h"&''D(U"0A$-(?4ED(;<<[D(J7'"5*&P4&I*(,5"G&H#<&I*(,5"&@7,"E,"5&@8'"(-#82(&O85'",Q'.,#"(&'"3&>"(),8*(&>""#9'.,#"D(

^#"C&"(U7'4$&''D(

H&$*"&(80"(6$*&"#%*49&(5&'&#"%@(0$(.7'*#4$#14+4*,D(;<==D(i?00+'(80"(_02&+4$B-(k4'7#+4N#*40$(#$2(H0EE7$4*,(

a$B#B&E&$*Dj(@**CJ>>%4"'D71%D%#>"&'&#"%@>"&'&#"%@O#"&#>*00+'OE02&+4$BO94'7#+4N#*40$O#$2O%0EE7$4*,O

&$B#B&E&$*D(

3&++&,-(?@0E#'-(#$2(:0$#*@#$(G4**E#$D(;<<gD(@7*&@*"&B'+*(&#-&>""#9'.,#"G&>IMOR(&C.8'.*5,*(&-#8&I*-*'.,"5&.7*&I*9,6R(&N39#+'.*&'"3&I8,9,"5&J8*'.,9,.4&@78#$57#$.&K#$8&O85'",Q'.,#"D(H"0A$(U7'4$&''D(

G&A4'-(!DGD(=[[;D(N))6,*3&O).,2'6&J#".8#6&'"3&M(.,2'.,#"D(h"&$*4%&O^#++D(@**CJ>>#""4D7*#D&27>#%'>@4'*0",D@*ED(

G4$2&$E#,&"-(F#942(UD-(501&"*(HD(G#%,-(#$2(_#**@&A(GD(h0C&D(;<<<D(i?&'*4$B(#(.4E7+#*40$(_02&+(80"(

h0C7+#*40$(k4#14+4*,(Y$#+,'4'Dj(M+#6#5,+'6&N))6,+'.,#"((=<(R;KJ(gW<cg[\D(204J=<D=W[<>=<g=O<\]=R;<<<K<=<m<gW<J?Y._!hn;D<DHdL;D(

_0$*#B$4$4-(G&0$&D(;<<\D(iG00M4$B(80"(T'%4&$*484%S(.0%4#+(.%4&$%&J(?@&(_#%,(H0$8&"&$%&'(0$(H,1&"$&*4%'(4$(

U#*&'0$S'(6*4$&"#",Dj(S4/*8"*.*((Q](R\>WK(RY7B7'*(=XKJ(=<=;c=<;=D(204J=<D==<W><Q]WX[;<\=<\\\g;;D(`#*40$#+(?"#4$4$B(G#10"#*0"4&'(6$'*4*7*&D(iY107*(`?GDj(@**CJ>>AAAD$*+D0"B>4$$&"D#'Ce42b=\Wf%#*&B0",b;D(

54%@#"2'0$-(/h-(#$2(H#"+(^#""4'D(;<==D(i.,'*&E(F,$#E4%'Dj(6$(M"+4+6#)*3,'&#-&O)*8'.,#"(&T*(*'8+7&'"3&>"-#82'.,#"&C+,*"+*D(3+7A&"(Y%#2&E4%(h71+4'@&"'D(

@**CJ>>AAAD','*&E2,$#E4%'D0"B>A@#*l4'l','*&El2,$#E4%'D@*E+D(

?aFD(;<<]D(H'"(&T#(6,"5&C7#<(&.7*&P*(.&C.'.(&K#$R9*&M9*8&C**(D(@**CJ>>AAAD*&2D%0E>*#+M'>@#$'l"0'+4$Bl'@0A'l*@&l1&'*l'*#*'l,07l9&l&9&"l'&&$D@*E+D(

)4M4C&24#(%0$*"417*0"'D(;<=;#D(iH@&E4%#+(h"0%&''(_02&+4$BDj(L,E,)*3,'1&.7*&B8**&M"+4+6#)*3,'D()4M4E&24#(

!07$2#*40$-(6$%D(

@**CJ>>&$DA4M4C&24#D0"B>A>4$2&IDC@Ce*4*+&bH@&E4%#+lC"0%&''lE02&+4$Bf0+242bX\\]gX\[XD(

oooD(;<=;1D(iF&'4B$Dj(L,E,)*3,'1&.7*&B8**&M"+4+6#)*3,'D()4M4E&24#(!07$2#*40$-(6$%D(

@**CJ>>&$DA4M4C&24#D0"B>A>4$2&IDC@Ce*4*+&bF&'4B$f0+242bX[;;;;]<\D(

)00217",-(501&"*D(;<=<D(M6*2*".(&#-&A'8'2*.8,+&I*(,5"D(='*(&2D(507*+&2B&D((

(

H09&"(h@0*0B"#C@(1,(^&#*@&"(F&1+4$B


(

=\(

Appendix 1

,-'(*)./(!0.1!2)($-(()./+!

3# &4'1'!2.!*4'!5"1)'0(!5!$.6'!01.67!!8#!9!%!&4.!)(!*4'!$-(*.6'17!!)&(#"&(C"0C0'4$B(#(E02&+(*@#*(4'(g<O\gp(87$2&2(1,(!07$2#*40$'(A@0(*@&$(#+'0(1&%0E&(

*@&(%7'*0E&"'(80"(*@&('&"94%&'(08(*@&(%@#$B&(+#1D(!0"(&I#EC+&-(#(B"07C(08(B"#$*&&'(

A0"M4$B(0$(8002('&%7"4*,(4''7&'(%07+2(1&(4$94*&2(*0(C#"*4%4C#*&(4$(%@#$B&(+#1'(*@#*(@&+C'(

*@&E(*0(2&84$&(','*&E(+&9&+(4$*&"'&%*40$'(#$2('0+7*40$'D(/09&"$E&$*'(%07+2(#+'0(C+#,(#(

'4E4+#"(87$%*40$D(

(

"# :.;!31'!*4'!"1)'0(!1'0)/'2!3/2!0.$-('27!6*(4'(4EC0"*#$*(*0(@#9&(&I%&++&$*(P7#+4*#*49&("&'&#"%@&"'(#'(#(+&$B*@,(7C(8"0$*(2#*#(

%0++&%*40$(C"0%&''(4'(M&,(*0(#('7%%&''87+(%@#$B&(+#1D(

(

$# :.;!)(!*4'!23*3!)/*1.2-$'27!k42&0B"#C@,(%#C#%4*,(4$(#224*40$(*0(&IC&"4E&$*#*40$(A4*@(E7+*4C+&(*&%@$4P7&'(08(2#*#(

C"&'&$*#*40$(4'(4EC0"*#$*D(?@0'&(C#"*4%4C#*4$B(4$(*@&(%@#$B&(+#1('@07+2(@#9&(#'(E7%@(

0CC0"*7$4*,(#'(C0''41+&(*0(4$*&"C"&*(#$2(#$#+,N&(*@&(2#*#(*@&E'&+9&'-(#+*@07B@(*@&(2#*#(

A4++($&&2(*0(1&(E#2&(#%%&''41+&D(

!2# :.;!31'!<31*)$)<3/*(!('='$*'27!

6*(4'(4EC0"*#$*(*@#*(#'(E7%@(#'(C0''41+&-(*@&(C#"*4%4C#$*'('@07+2(1&(2&84$&2(1,(C"&O

&I4'*4$B(*4&'-(&4*@&"(*0(*@&(87$24$B(#B&$%,(0"(*0(#$(0"B#$4N#*40$D(.7%%&''(08('7%@(%@#$B&(

+#1'(08*&$(@#$B'(0$(#('&$'&(08(#%%07$*#14+4*,(*0(#$(&I*&"$#+(#7*@0"4*,>87$2&"(0"(*0(#(

"&%4C"0%#+(%0EE7$4*,D((

(

&D >/'!.1!6.1'!<1.$'(('(7(6*('&&E'(*@#*(*@&"&(#"&(#*(+&#'*(*A0(*,C&'(08(%@#$B&(+#1'(%0$'4'*&$*(A4*@('0%4#+(

4$$09#*40$(#CC"0#%@&'D(?@&(84"'*(A07+2(#22"&''(','*&E(2,$#E4%'(4$(0"2&"(*0(+0%#*&(M&,(

+&9&"#B&(C04$*'(0"(0CC0"*7$4*4&'(A@&"&(*@&(4$'&"*40$(08(#('C&%484%(4$$09#*40$(RC"027%*(0"(

C"0%&''K(A07+2(*4C(*@&(','*&ED(?@&('&%0$2(A07+2(1&(#$(&880"*(*0(7'&(*@&(0CC0"*7$4*,(08(

1"4$B4$B(','*&E(C#"*4%4C#$*'(4$*&"&'*&2(4$(4$$09#*40$(4$*0(*@&("00E(#$2-(*@"07B@(

"&2&84$4$B(*@&("&+#*40$'@4C(08(C#"*4%4C#$*(*0(&#%@(0*@&"-(i17ECj(*@&(','*&E(80"A#"2(

*0A#"2(4$$09#*49&(#+*&"$#*49&'D(?@&"&(E#,(A&++(1&(0*@&"-('C&%4#+4N&2(7'&'(08(*@&('0%4#+(

4$$09#*40$(+#1('C#%&(4$%+724$B((#(iE4$2(+#1j(*,C&(2&'4B$('C&%484%(*0(C0+4%,(%0$%&"$'D(

(

0# &4)$4!?)/2(!.0!@)(-3=)A3*)./(B()6-=3*)./(!;.-=2!"'!6.(*!-('0-=7!4D `#""#*49&(#$#+,'&'O(.&$'&E#M&"(

44D )@0+&(','*&E("&C"&'&$*#*40$'(RHY_.(&*%DK(R'&&(800*$0*&(=K(

444D .4E7+#*40$'(80"(C+#,4$B(A4*@(+&9&"#B&(C04$*'(#$2(#+*&"$#*49&'(

49D Y$#+,*4%(*00+'(80"("0+&(07*('*"#*&B,e(


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C# D=3$'!E3('27!?@&(+0B4%(80"(#(C+#%&(1#'&2('0%4#+(4$$09#*40$(%@#$B&(+#1(4'(+4$M&2(*0(*@&($0*40$(08(

%"&#*4$B(#$(4'+#$2-(*0("&E09&(C&0C+&(8"0E(*@&4"(2#4+,(C"&0%%7C#*40$'(#$2("0+&'((#$2(#+'0(

*0(C"0942&(#(8#%4+4*,(A@&"&(%"&#*494*,(4'('7CC0"*&2(1,(#CC"0C"4#*&(C@,'4%#+(+#,07*(#$2(

*00+'>C"0C'D(^0A&9&"-(0$%&(*@&(#CC"0C"4#*&(i'08*A#"&j(4'(2&'4B$&2-(*@&"&(4'($0("&#'0$(

A@,(*@&(C"0%&''&'(%07+2(1&("&C+4%#*&2(4$(0*@&"(+#1(+4M&('&**4$B'-(A4*@(#CC"0C"4#*&(

#2V7'*E&$*'(*0(+0%#+(%7+*7"&-(&*%D(

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4# F.='!.-*+!G$*)./!<=3//)/C!h+#$'(80"(*@4'('*4++(*0(1&(2&9&+0C&2-(17*(#'(4$24%#*&2(#109&($&&2'(*0(1&(1#'&2(0$(#(B002(

#%%07$*#14+4*,(','*&E(#$2(4$90+9&(%0EE4*E&$*'(08(*@&(C#"*4%4C#$*'(*@&E'&+9&'D(


(

=[(

Appendix 2

H'$4/.=.CI!*.!(-<<.1*!3!(.$)3=!)//.@3*)./!=3"!<1.$'((+!

)&(C"0C0'&(C7**4$B(*0B&*@&"(#($&A(%0EC7*&"(1#'&2(C"0B"#E(*@#*(%#$(#++0A(B"07C'-(A4*@(*@&(@&+C(08(#(

8#%4+4*#*0"-(*0(#$#+,N&(%0EC+&I(#$2(C"01+&E#*4%(','*&E'D(?@&('4E7+#*40$(A07+2(#++0A(B"07C'(*0J(

#K 24'*4$B74'@(*@&(%0EC0$&$*'(E#M4$B(7C(*@&(','*&E(R4$'*4*7*40$'-(0"B#$4N#*40$'-(4$249427#+'-(

C0+4%4&'-(#%*494*4&'-(%7+*7"#+(%@#"#%*&"4'*4%'-(&%0$0E4%(80"%&'(&*%DK(

1K 2&*&"E4$&(*@&("&+#*40$'@4C(1&*A&&$(*@&'&(RC0'4*49&(#$2($&B#*49&(8&&21#%M(+00C'-(24"&%*(#$2(

4$24"&%*("&+#*40$'@4C'K(

%K 2&*&"E4$&(*@&(+&9&"#B&(C04$*'(A@&"&(%@#$B4$B(M&,("&+#*40$'@4C'(4'(10*@(C0''41+&(#$2(A07+2(

"&'7+*(4$(#(%#'%#24$B(4EC#%*(0$(*@&(C"01+&E(20E#4$D(

2K 62&$*48,(*@&(C0%M&*'(08($09&+*,>4$$09#*40$(0"('@#20A(#**"#%*0"'(*@#*(%07+2(1&('*"&$B*@&$&2(*0(

*#M&(#29#$*#B&(08(#$,(%#'%#2&(08(%@#$B&D((

(

?@4'(C"0B"#E(A07+2(%"&#*&(#(','*&E(E#C(*@#*(%07+2(1&((7'&2(4$(#(9#"4&*,(08(2488&"&$*(A#,'(1,(2488&"&$*(

'*#M&@0+2&"'D(

#K #%#2&E4%'(A07+2(1&(M&,(4$(1"4$B4$B(&I4'*4$B(M$0A+&2B&(#$2("&'&#"%@(*0(1&#"(0$(42&$*48,4$B(

#"&#'(08(%&"*#4$*,(#$2(7$%&"*#4$*,(4$(','*&E("&+#*40$'@4C'D((

1K 6$$09#*0"'(#$2(4$'*4*7*40$#+(&$*"&C"&$&7"'(%07+2(7'&(*@&(C+#*80"E(#'(#(%@#$B&(*00+(*0(2&*&"E4$&(

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