Change in the Sixties and Seventies
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Transcript of Change in the Sixties and Seventies
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Change in the Sixties and Seventies
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The Music of Youth:Rock ’n’ Roll
• Rock ’n’ Roll– Alan Freed (1921–1965)– “rhythm and blues”– Elvis Presley (1935–1977)
• “Folk” Music– Peter Seeger (b. 1919)– Joan Baez (b. 1941)– Bob Dylan (b. 1941)– The Kingston Trio– Peter, Paul, and Mary
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The British Invasion:The Beatles
• John Lennon (1940–1980)• Paul McCartney (b. 1942)• George Martin (b. 1926)• “Concept albums”
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A New Challenge
• Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967)
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Rock ’n’ Roll Becomes Rock
• The Who, Tommy (1969)– Rock opera– “progressive rock”
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Fusion
• Jazz-rock fusion– Miles Davis (1926–1991)• In a Silent Way (1969); Bitches Brew
(1970)
• Third Stream– Gunther Schuller (b. 1925)– confluence of Western art music
and jazz– Modern Jazz Quartet
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The Rise of Minimalism
• Minimalism– “pattern and process music”– experimental classical tradition– non-Western music– jazz and rock
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La Monte Young (b. 1935)
• Composition 1960 No. 7– B-F# “hold for a long time”
• String Trio
• Pandit Pran Nath• Marian Zazeela (b. 1940)• Theater of Eternal Music
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Riley’s In C
• Terry Riley (b. 1935)• Mescalin Mix– tape loops
• In C (1964)– 53 numbered “modules” for “any number of any
kind of instruments”
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“Classical” Minimalism:Steve Reich
• Steve Reich (b. 1936)• West African Drumming and Balinese gamelan• It’s Gonna Rain (1965)• Come Out (1966)– tape pieces– phasing
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Phase Music
• Piano Phase (1967)– for two pianos– phasing for performers
• Drumming (1971)– “rhythmic construction” “rhythmic reduction”
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Reich’s Music for 18 Musicians
• [Anthology 3-56]• Percussion and keyboard instruments,
electronically amplified solo strings, winds, and voices
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Philip Glass
• Studied at the University of Chicago and Julliard
• Received a Fulbright to study with Nadia Boulanger
• Worked with Ravi Shankar
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Philip Glass
• Strung Out (1967)– for solo amplified violin– pentatonic module subjected to variations
• Two Pages for Steve Reich (1968)– scored for the Philip Glass Ensemble
• Music in Twelve Parts (1971–74)
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Einstein on the Beach
• [Anthology 3-57]• Collaboration with Robert
Wilson• Rented the Metropolitan
Opera House in NY• Postmodern
Gesamtkunstwerk
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The Holy Minimalists
• Arvo Pärt (b. 1935)– influence of Medieval music,
sound of bells (“tintinnabular” style)
– Symphony No. 3 (1971)– Fratres– Cantus in memoriam
Benjamin Britten– Tabula rasa [Anthology 3-58]
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The Holy Minimalists
• Henryk Górecki (1933–2010)– strictly diatonic, highly repetitive – Third Symphony (1976)– recording sold over 1 million copies