Change in structure of chromosomes ( sy, claire & ropal, roravelle)
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Transcript of Change in structure of chromosomes ( sy, claire & ropal, roravelle)
CHANGE IN STRUCTURE OF CHROMOSOMES
SY, Claire Darren L.
ROPAL, Roravelle N.
AAPD-2B
4 TYPES OF CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS
1. Deletion2. Duplication3. Inversion4. Translocation
DELETION Is also called gene
deletion, deficiency, or deletion mutation.
Is a mutation (a genetic aberration) in which a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is missing.
2 KINDS OF DELETION:
1. Terminal Deletion2. Intercalary Deletion /
Interstitial Deletion
TERMINAL DELETION
a deletion that occurs towards the end of a chromosome.
INTERCALARY DELETION / INTERSTITIAL DELETION
a deletion that occurs from the interior of a chromosome.
DUPLICATION or chromosomal
duplication or gene amplification.
is any duplication of a region of DNA that contains a gene.
4 KINDS OF DUPLICATION
1. Tandem2. Reverse tandem3. Displaced homobrachial4. Displaced heterobrachial
TANDEM
The occurrence of two identical sequences, one following the other, in a chromosome segment.
REVERSE TANDEM
is a non-tandem duplication that brings the new copy to a region that is transcribed in the opposite direction so that the copy actually produces the same amino acid as the original
DISPLACED HOMOBRACHIAL
The repeated segment doesn’t foolow the arc.
DISPLACED HETEROBRACHIAL
The repeated segent is found on the other side of the arc.
INVERSION
is a chromosome rearrangement in which a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end.
2 KINDS OF INVERSION
1. Paracentric Inversion2. Pericentric Inversion
PARACENTRIC INVERSION
do not include the centromere and both breaks occur in one arm of the chromosome.
PERICENTRIC INVERSION
include the centromere and there is a break point in each arm.
TRANSLOCATION
is a chromosome abnormality caused by rearrangement of parts between nonhomologous chromosomes
2 KINDS OF TRANSLOCATION
1. Reciprocal2. Non reciprocal
RECIPROCAL
are usually an exchange of material between nonhomologous chromosomes.
NON RECIPROCAL
type of rearrangement involves two acrocentric chromosomes that fuse near the centromere region with loss of the short arms.
THE END