Chandrayaan 1 Unveiled
Transcript of Chandrayaan 1 Unveiled
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Inform inspire innovate
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Chandrayaan-1,Our first Scientific mission to Moon is slated for launch inYear,2008. The primary objectives of the mission are to expand the scientific
knowledge about the origin and evolution of moon, upgrade Our technological
capabilities and provide challenging opportunities to the young scientists
working in Space sciences and Technology .
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Chandrayaan-1 is aimed at:
To prepare a 3D Atlas (with a high spatial and altitude resolutionof 5-10m) of both near and far side of the Moon.
Chemical, Mineralogical and Photo-geologic mapping of the moon in
visible, near infra red, low energy and high energy X-rays with high spatialresolution.
Mapping of distribution of minerals such as Si, Al, Mg, Ca, Ilmenites(FeTiO3, which may retain 3He) and elemental chemical species including
radioactive nuclides with spatial resolution of about 25 Km and 20Km resp.
Mapping could unravel the mysteries about the origin andevolution of the planetary system in general and moon-earth system in particular.
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SOME MOON ROVERS
Pioneer
Ranger
Surveyor
Lunar orbiter(1966-1967)
Luna
Zond
Galileo
Clementine
Lunar prospector Smart-1
Selene
Change-1
A total of 40 soviet and USspacecrafts were either
partially or completelysuccessful in achieving their
objectives.
Six successful Apollomissions.
Returned with 800 poundsof lunar material.
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LUMPS OF DATA Moon has been surveyed and resurveyed in almost all
the wavelengths with the objective of mapping the
surface, determining the mineralogical compositionof the crust and providing topographic maps with
high resolution.
Several gravity surveys.
Data on the Moons magnetic field , atmosphere andits interaction with space environment have been
collected.
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Can more be learned or discoveredabout the Moon?
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Why the sudden surge and interest inlearning more about MOON?
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To Answer some of the fundamental questionsregarding the origin and evolution of Moon, which
still remain unanswered through:
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To resolve longstanding questions aboutthe Moons history.
The Fission Theory The Capture Theory
The Co-accretion Theory
The Colliding Planetesimal Theory
The Giant Impact Theory
Five theories already in.
ISRO THEORY ?
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MISSION HISTORIES
European-American CLEMENTINE mission: Southern topography view of the South Pole-Aitken Basin,on the Lunar far side
by Laser image detection and ranging system (LIDAR) .
High resolution cameras (HIRES) photography
Whole lunar surface in Ultra violet, visible, Near IR and long wave IR bands froma lunar orbit of about 425 km.
First global data sets for lunar gravity, topography and multi spectral imagingwith about 200 m resolution.
LUNAR PROSPECTOR launched in January 1998
Remote sensing instruments :
Gamma-ray spectrometer, Neutron spectrometer, Alpha particle
spectrometer, etc.
Provided valuable scientific data on the distribution of Thorium, Potassium, otherradioactive and stable elements eg., Fe, Ti, etc.
Clementines Radar reflectivity experiments hinted at the possibility ofexistence of large amounts of water frozen on the permanently shadowedpolar regions of the Moon.
Lunar Prospectors Neutron Spectrometer detected bursts of slowneutrons over the Moons poles, suggesting presence of hydrogen atoms
and hence possible presence of water/ice.
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Spacecraft: 1.5m 3 axis stabilized
cuboid. Approx 500Kg in lunar orbit.
Configuration:100Km polar orbit
Observation period : 2 years
Design based on kalpana-Sat(met sat)
On to moon ! CH-1
Instruments: 11 (5 indigenous & 6 by AO)
(3Europe,1Bulgaria,2 U.S)
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LAUNCHER AND SPACECRAFT
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TMC
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HySI
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LEX-CIXS
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HEX
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LLRI
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NASA (JPL) S MAJOR FUNDAMENTAL
CONTRIBUTIONS IN CH-1
MINIATURE SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR
(MINI-SAR)
MOON MINERALOGY MAPPER (M3)
DEEP SPACE NETWORK SUPPORT- JPL
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Same as Mini-SAR on CH-1
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Key Science Chandrayaan-1 Instruments/(**AO PAYLOADS)
(AO-announcement of opportunity)
LRO-NASA
Chemistry/ mineralogy/
geology
Hyper Spectral Imager (HySI)
High Energy X-Ray Spectrometer (HEX)
Imaging X-ray Spectrometer* (C1XS)
Near IR Spectrometer* (SIR-2)
Moon Mineralogy Mapper *(M-Cube)
LEND
LAMP
Surface Structure/
Topography
Terrain Mapping Camera (TMC)
Lunar Laser Ranging Instrument (LLRI)
LOLA
LROC
Surface Environment/
solar wind interaction/
magnetism
Sub-K ev Atom Reflecting Analyzer*
(SARA)
DLRE
Near Moon radiationenvironment
Radiation Dose Monitor Experiment*(RADOM)
CRaTER
Water Ice Miniature Synthetic Aperture Radar*
(Mini SAR)
Mini-RF
Impactor Moon Impact Probe (MIP) LCROSS
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SAR IN NASAs LRO
LRO will carry high resolution SAR that will concentrate onthe returning measurements from the Moons polar regions .
( repeated as in chandrayaan-1)NASAS MOTIVE: DATA VALIDATION .
More over, data from the two missions may resolve theconflicting interpretations that have been made based on theClementine, lunar prospector and earth based observationaldata.
LRO will be having a free-flying impacting pay load andLCROSS a plume analyzer.
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Nasas Motive- Technology Demonstrationbefore launching in their Lunar mission.
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ESA and Europes fundamental
contribution The experience and know-how ESA gained with SMART-1, Europes first mission
to the Moon, is benefiting Chandrayaan-1 greatly.
ESA is assisting ISRO in operations, data handling, flight dynamics for the mission,has provided support in areas such as thermal design and is providing support fordata archiving and processing .
ESA is also coordinating the provision of three European instruments for themission, two of which were already flown on SMART-1:
The Chandrayaan-1 X-ray Spectrometer (C1XS) is one of the core instruments thatwill carry out high-quality, low-energy (soft) X-ray spectroscopic mapping of the Moon .
The near infrared spectrometer, SIR-2, a near-infrared spectrometer which is plannedfor their mission to mercury .(BEPICOLOMBIA)
The Sub-keV Atom Reflecting Analyzer SARA will be the first-ever lunarexperiment dedicated to direct studies of plasma-surface interactions in space.
It will also contribute to the hardware for the High- Energy X-ray Spectrometer(HEX)
source-ESA home
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ESAS SMART-1
SMART-1 includes a
High-resolution camera,
A near infrared spectrometer (SIR) and
A compact X-ray spectrometer with a new type of sweptcharge detector and micro collimator.
Imaging X-ray Spectrometer (CIXS)
Solar X-ray Monitor (SXM)
DESIGNED TO IMPACT THE MOONS PERMANENTLYSHAWDOWED POLAR CRATER.
ESAs Smart-1 impacted the moon in September, 2006.
The impact was observed and analyzed.
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MIP
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE Landingthe probe at desired location and
to qualify some technologies of soft
landing.
RADAR ALTIMETER ANDVIDEO IMAGER for aiding and
documenting the landing of probe.
A MASS SPECTROMETER tostudy the transient atmosphere of
moon.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPED INVSSC.
STRUCTURE
MASS
SPECTROMETER
CAMERA
UHF ANTENNA
RADAR
ALTIMTER
MIP
T/M UNIT
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To ride piggyback on Main orbiter and to be released after reaching100 KM x 100 KM lunar orbit
Camera and Radar Altimeter are required to view the Moons
surface - the configuration is spin stabilized after separation (Initialspin rate of 120 rpm )
De-orbit velocity is 69 m/s : achieved by a de-orbit solid motor(about 3 seconds of firing)
After de-orbit motor firing, spin rate is reduced to 30 rpm to improveimage quality.
Total mission time : 1437.7 s
Impact site : Malapert Mountain (-860 Lat. and 00 Long.)
Mission Salient Features
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Potential Impact site
Criteria Illumination Near North or South pole Near side of the Moon
23 sites near north and south poles explored
Malapert Mountain is selected since it is most suitable.
Latitude = 86 deg South ; Longitude = 0.0 deg ;
Perpetually visible from Earth and Radio relay stations areproposed in future .
Nearer to the south pole
Peak is 5 km high and fairly large area of somewhat level terrain isavailable
a six degree of down slope.
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MIP PACKAGE
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MIP-CHANDRAYAAN ASSEMBLY
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Shackleton
Mt. Malapert
Sverdrup
MIP IMPACT POINT- MT. MALAPERT
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Comparison with Japan and chinasLunar missions.
Kaguya Selene
Change-1
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KAGUYA - SELENE
Main Orbiter
MissionOrbit:
Circular orbit,Altitude 100kmInclination 90 degree
Small satellites
Orbit:(InitialOrbit)
[Relay Satellite]Elliptical orbit
(100km x 2400km),90 deg.[VRAD Satellite]Elliptical orbit(100km x 800km), 90 deg.
Direction of the Earth
KAGUYA Main Orbiter
OKINA(RSTAR)
OUNA
(VSTAR)
North
South
KAGUYAs orbit on Feb. 15, 2008.
Objectives and Roles of KAGUYA
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1. ObjectivesGlobal survey of the MoonTo research the origin and evolution of the Moon by observing the distribution of theelements and minerals on the surface, the structure of the surface and subsurface, thegravity field, the remnant of the magnetic field and the environment of energetic
particles and plasma of the Moon.
Data Application to Future Moon UtilizationTo be used for future activities on the Moon and the possibility of future utilization of theMoon
Public OutreachTo make a public outreach by taking pictures and movies of the beautiful Earth risingfrom the Moon using its onboard High Definition Television System
2. User ServicesSELENE (KAGUYA) scientific observation data will be made available to the public
through LENE homepage after finishing scientific validation and verification by missioninstrument teams.
Objectives and Roles of KAGUYA
O i f KAGUYA S t llit
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Overview of KAGUYA Satellite
Bus equipmentMission equipment
High Definition Television (HDTV)
Gamma-ray Spectrometer (GRS)
Terrain Camera (TC)
Multi-band Imager (MI)
RSTAR(OKINA)PACE
Solar array
paddle
VSTAR(OUNA)
500N thruster
Omni antenna
X-ray Spectrometer (XRS)
Charged Particle
Spectrometer (CPS)High gain antenna
Upper Atmosphere and
Plasma Imager (UPI)
Star tracker
Plasma Energy Angle and
Composition Experiment (PACE)
Heat radiation panel 1N thruster
Laser Altimeter (LALT)
To the Moon
Spectral Profiler (SP)
Most extensive mission to moon after Apollo missions.
Key science SELENE- Instruments CH-1 Instruments
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y
Chemical/
Mineralogicaldistribution&
Mapping.
X-Ray Spectrometer (XRS)
-Ray Spectrometer (GRS)Spectral Profiler (SP)
Multi-band Imager (MI)
Low energy X-ray-CIXS(UK)
High energy X-ray-HEXA near infra-red
spectrometer(SIR-2)-(GER.)
Hyper spectral imager.
Moon mineralogy mapper.(M3)
Mini-SAR. - (NASA)
Tectonic history/
Surface structure
Terrain Camera (TC)
Lunar Radar Sounder (LRS)
Laser Altimeter (LALT)
Terrain mapping camera
Lunar laser ranging (LLRI)
SurfaceEnvironment and
solar wind
interaction/
Magnetism.
Charged Particle Spectrometer (CPS)Plasma energy Angle and
Composition Experiment (PACE)
Radio Science (RS)
HDTV imaging
Sub-KeV atomic reflectinganalyzer. (SARA)-(Sweden)
Radiation dose monitor
-(Bulgaria)
Gravity field(including far-side)
4-Way DopplerDifferential VLBI
--(our most of the mappinginstruments are foreign)
Magnetic field Lunar magnetometer (LMAG) --
Moon
Magnetosphere
Upper atmosphere and Plasma Imager
(UPI)
--
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EARTH RISE as seen by SELENE-HDTV images
A successful mission
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HIGH DEFINITION T.V IMAGES
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Chinese Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
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Chinese Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
ChangE- 1
Named after an angel in a
Chinese fairy tale . First of 3 planned missions
Launch: Launched on 24,october2007.
Dry mass: 2000 kg Science payload- 150 kg
Observation period-1 year.
Objectives
Test and Validate technologyfor future missions.
Study lunar environment andsurface regolith .TOTALLY INDIGENEOUS MISSION
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The primary scientific objectives
To obtain three-dimensional stereo images of the lunarsurface. (except Polar areas)
Analyze the distribution and abundance of elements on thesurface.
Survey the thickness of lunar soil and to evaluate helium-3resources and other characteristics.
And ,To explore the environment between the Moon andEarth .
To collect basic information for the follow-on
Soft landing mission.
The science payload comprises
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The science payload comprises
eight instruments: A stereo camera system to map the lunar surface in visible wavelengths, with aresolution of 160m
An interferometer imaging spectrometer to obtain multi spectral images of the
Moon.
A laser altimeter with a resolution of 1 m to measure the topography.
A gamma ray and an X-ray spectrometer to study the overall composition andradioactive components of the Moons surface.
A microwave radiometer to map the thickness of the lunar regolith, willpenetrate the lunar crust to depths ranging from one m to 30m.
And ,a high energy particle detector and solar wind monitors capable ofdetecting electrons and heavy ions upto 730 MeV on the space environment ofthe near-lunar region.
A powerful suite of experiments that will add to ourknowledge of Moons surface and shallow subsurface.Donald A. Beattie former NASA engineer.
Author-Lunar Experiments and the APOLLO program.
Chang'e 1 will orbit the Moon for a year to test the technology for
f t i i d t t d th l i t d f
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future missions and to study the lunar environment and surfaceregolith.
Launched on 24 October 2007 at 10:05 UT (18:05 Chinese StandardTime, 6:05 a.m. EDT) on a CZ-3A (Long March 3A) booster.
The satellite was deployed into a 205 x 51000 km Earth orbit from the
boosters upper stage at 10:29 UT.
It was put into a trans-lunar trajectory with a 13 minute burn startingat 09:15 UT on 31 October which increased its speed to 10.9 km/s.
It went into a 12 hour, 200 x 8600 km altitude near-polar lunar orbitwith a 22 minute braking burn starting at 03:15 UT on 5 November.
A second braking maneuver, from 03:21 to 03:35 UT on 6 Novemberput the spacecraft into a 3.5 hour, 213 x 1700 km orbit.
A third, from 00:24 to 00:34 UT on 7 November, slowed the probe to1.59 km/s and put it into the final 127 minute, 200 km altitude, circularhigh-inclination science orbit.
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Instrument comparisoSMART 1 ChangE
SELENE Chandrayaan 1 LRO/
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INSTRUMENTSSMART-1(ESA)
ChangE(CAST)
SELENE(JAXA)
Chandrayaan-1(ISRO)
LRO/LCROSS
(NASA)Stereo imager X X X X
Visible- Near-IR camera X
UV Imager X
IR spectrometer X X
Magnetometer X
X-ray spectrometer X X X X
G-ray experiment X X
Neutron detector X
Laser altimeter X X X X X
Plasma/Ion experiments X X X X X
Sub-Kev atom reflecting analyzer X
Microwave sounder X X
Gravity field/seismology/heat flow
Thermal emission radiometer X
Radiation dose monitor X
Mineralogy experiment X
Penetrator/Impactor X X
GENERAL INFO.
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GENERAL INFO.
MISSIONS SMART-1(ESA)
ChangE-1(CAST)
SELENE(JAXA)
Chandrayaan-1(ISRO)
LRO(NASA)
Dry mass 305 kg 2000 kg 1984 kg 590 kg 500 kg
Launch 2003-2006 2007 2007 SEP-2008(tent.) 2008
Follow onmission
TBD
Instruments on
Chandrayaan-1
ChangE-2
Lander -
rover/
Sample
return/Humans on
moon
TBD
Lunar -A,
Rover
TBD
(Russian Rover)
More robotic
missions/
LPRP/
Lunar
base/humanson the Moon
International
participationX X
Release ofdata to thecommunity
X X X
Overall Mission objective:
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Overall Mission objective:
Chandrayaan-1 : A learning exercise in developing, launching andoperating a spacecraft that will be in Lunar orbit.
Conclusion:Our small steps will continue to advance our
capabilities regardless of whether or not any major scientificgoal will be achieved.
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SOURCE- NASA HOME
TRAJECTORY OUTLINE
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TRAJECTORY OUTLINE
Aposelinum Biasing Strategy.
(1) Insert into 500 x 5000 km
lunar parking orbit. (2) Transfer to 100 x 5000 km
LPO.
(3) Transfer to 100 x 100 km LPO.
DELV req. (2) and (3) for GeneralStrategy = 487.1 m/s
DELV req. for (2) AND (3) inAposeleinum biasing = 458 m/s
Gain = 29 m/s ; Reduction inpropellant about 7 kg;
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- The New Indian Express
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Indian Lunar Mission Set
NEW DELHI- The Indian Space Research
Organization (ISRO) plans to launch the country'sfirst unmanned lunar spacecraft, Chandrayaan-1,on Oct 22. The Chandrayaan-1 mission willperform high-resolution remote sensing of themoon in the visible, near-infrared (NIR), low-energy X-ray and high-energy X-ray regions. Thespacecraft will orbit the moon for a planned two-
year mission carrying a payload of six Indian andfive international scientific instruments.
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THANK YOU