Chandra Kala Ras

'Standardization of Chandra Kala 'Standardization of Chandra Kala Ras & Evaluation of its Rakt Ras & Evaluation of its Rakt

Stambhana property along with Stambhana property along with anjabar sharbat w.s.r. to asrgdar' anjabar sharbat w.s.r. to asrgdar'

Dr. Supriya Shukla, M.D. ScholarDr. Supriya Shukla, M.D. Scholar

Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana Kalpana

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYTHE STUDY

Compilation of various references of Chandrakala Compilation of various references of Chandrakala Rasa scattered in various classical texts.Rasa scattered in various classical texts.

To ensure the preparation of safe and efficacious To ensure the preparation of safe and efficacious Chandrakala Rasa and Sharbata Anjabar.Chandrakala Rasa and Sharbata Anjabar.

To prepare and process pharmaceutically Abhraka To prepare and process pharmaceutically Abhraka Bhasma, Tamra Bhasma, and last three sanskara of Bhasma, Tamra Bhasma, and last three sanskara of Hingulottha Parada.Hingulottha Parada.

Analytical study for Standardization of Chandrakala Analytical study for Standardization of Chandrakala Rasa according to parameters laid down by CCRAS.Rasa according to parameters laid down by CCRAS.

To explore and compare clinically the Rakta To explore and compare clinically the Rakta Stambhana property of Chandrakala Rasa, Sharbata Stambhana property of Chandrakala Rasa, Sharbata Anjabar and Tandulodaka w.s.r to Asrigdara.Anjabar and Tandulodaka w.s.r to Asrigdara.

RELEVENCE AND IMPORTANCE OF RELEVENCE AND IMPORTANCE OF PRESENT STUDYPRESENT STUDY

study is not planned earlier comparing the effects study is not planned earlier comparing the effects of the present three drugs used .of the present three drugs used .

As the appropriate parameters for standardization of As the appropriate parameters for standardization of Chandrakala Rasa are yet not decided, therefore its Chandrakala Rasa are yet not decided, therefore its an attempt to contribute in the further research in an attempt to contribute in the further research in this areathis area

.. An attempt is made to establish clinically efficacy of An attempt is made to establish clinically efficacy of

ChandrakalaChandrakala Rasa and Sharbata Anjabar, in the Rasa and Sharbata Anjabar, in the treatment of excessive uterine bleeding.treatment of excessive uterine bleeding.

Clinical estimation of the best therapy out of four Clinical estimation of the best therapy out of four groups prepared by utilizing three formulations.groups prepared by utilizing three formulations.

STANDERDIZATIONSTANDERDIZATION Defined as the process of developing and agreeing Defined as the process of developing and agreeing

uponupon

technical STANDARDS.technical STANDARDS.

STANDARD : Is a document that eastablishes uniform STANDARD : Is a document that eastablishes uniform

engineering or technical specifications,engineering or technical specifications,

criteria, methods, processes or practices.criteria, methods, processes or practices.

CHOICE OF DRUGCHOICE OF DRUG

Chandrakala Ras is effectively used in the treatment of Chandrakala Ras is effectively used in the treatment of Raktapitta and considered as the drug of choice, but its use in Raktapitta and considered as the drug of choice, but its use in the treatment of Asrgdar is not very popular in spite of the the treatment of Asrgdar is not very popular in spite of the fact, that both the diseases have similar line of treatment as fact, that both the diseases have similar line of treatment as evidenced by the reference present in Sushrut Samhita:evidenced by the reference present in Sushrut Samhita:

r#.;k fgr~lsfoU;kLreYiksinzoa r#.;k fgr~lsfoU;kLreYiksinzoa fHk"kd~ AfHk"kd~ A

jDrfiÙkfo/kkusu ;Fkkor~ leqikpjsr jDrfiÙkfo/kkusu ;Fkkor~ leqikpjsr AA lq0'kk0‐2@22AA lq0'kk0‐2@22

Hence the study is conducted with an attempt to prove Hence the study is conducted with an attempt to prove the practical implication as well as clinical efficacy of the practical implication as well as clinical efficacy of Chandrakala Ras in Asrgdar. Chandrakala Ras in Asrgdar.

ABOUT THE DISEASEABOUT THE DISEASEASRIGDARASRIGDAR Condition characterised by excessive flow of Condition characterised by excessive flow of

menstrual blood .menstrual blood . It refers to all types of abnormal uterine bleeding.It refers to all types of abnormal uterine bleeding. In modern aspect it may be correlated to In modern aspect it may be correlated to

menorrhagia and metrorrhagia.menorrhagia and metrorrhagia. Main pathology bieng the active or passive Main pathology bieng the active or passive

congestion, which leads to increase in the amount congestion, which leads to increase in the amount of blood in uterusof blood in uterus

Mainly 4 types are described in classical texts, i.e V, Mainly 4 types are described in classical texts, i.e V, P, K, S.P, K, S.

Main clinical symptoms include ex.bleeding p/v, Main clinical symptoms include ex.bleeding p/v, body ache, pain during menstruation. body ache, pain during menstruation.

Differential diagnosis of the Differential diagnosis of the diseasedisease

Adhoga rakta pittaAdhoga rakta pitta Pittala yonivyapadaPittala yonivyapada Rakta yoniRakta yoni Putraghni yoniPutraghni yoni Yoni arsha and yoni kandaYoni arsha and yoni kanda

MENSTRUATIONMENSTRUATIONDef: It’s a normal periodic uterine Def: It’s a normal periodic uterine

bleeding, physiological function bleeding, physiological function occurring only in female primates.occurring only in female primates.

Normal Aspects :Normal Aspects : Age of onset – 11 to 15yrsAge of onset – 11 to 15yrs Termination – 45 to 55yrs(av.50yrs)Termination – 45 to 55yrs(av.50yrs) Cycle – 28days (21 to 35)Cycle – 28days (21 to 35) Duration – 3 to 5daysDuration – 3 to 5days Flow – 20 to 80mlFlow – 20 to 80ml

Pharmaceutical studyPharmaceutical study

Abharak shodhanAbharak shodhan Ref-AFI PART 1 – 18:1,(R.T. 10/ 20)Ref-AFI PART 1 – 18:1,(R.T. 10/ 20) Material required-Material required-

krishna vajra krishna vajra abhrakaabhraka 1.4 kg 1.4 kg

triphala 10.5kgtriphala 10.5kg

water 84 ltwater 84 lt

Procedure-red hot abhraka-quenched in Procedure-red hot abhraka-quenched in triphala qwatha-process repeated 7 timestriphala qwatha-process repeated 7 times

Result- Yield - 1.701kg Result- Yield - 1.701kg

Weight gain - 21.5%Weight gain - 21.5%

DhanyaabhrikaranaDhanyaabhrikarana

ref: AFI.Part-1,18:1(A.P 2/113-114)ref: AFI.Part-1,18:1(A.P 2/113-114) Mat.req-Mat.req- shuddha abhraka-1.701 kgshuddha abhraka-1.701 kg shali dhanya-425.25 gmshali dhanya-425.25 gm kanji -5litskanji -5litsProcedure- abhraka+paddy in jute bag-immersed in kanji for 3 Procedure- abhraka+paddy in jute bag-immersed in kanji for 3

days –vigrous rubbing of bag in kanji-abhraka collected by days –vigrous rubbing of bag in kanji-abhraka collected by settling and dryingsettling and drying

Result- yield-1550 gmsResult- yield-1550 gms loss-151gm(8.8%)loss-151gm(8.8%)

Abhraka MaranaAbhraka Marana ref:ref: Ra.Chin 4/18-20 Ra.Chin 4/18-20 Mat.req:Mat.req: shu.abhraka-1550gmsshu.abhraka-1550gms Arka Ksheera-10lits 500mlArka Ksheera-10lits 500ml Vata jata Kwatha-4.5 litsVata jata Kwatha-4.5 lits Procedure-arka ksheera bhawana-Procedure-arka ksheera bhawana-

chakrika-sharava samputa- gajaputa-chakrika-sharava samputa- gajaputa-process repeated 7times-last 3 puta process repeated 7times-last 3 puta with vata jata kwatha.with vata jata kwatha.

Result-yield after 10Result-yield after 10thth puta-1510gm puta-1510gm loss-30gmsloss-30gms

Amritikarana of AbhrakaAmritikarana of Abhraka Ref:Ra.Chin 4/32-33Ref:Ra.Chin 4/32-33 Mat.req: abhraka bhasma-1.5gmsMat.req: abhraka bhasma-1.5gms goghrita-1.2kggoghrita-1.2kg triphala quatha-2.4litstriphala quatha-2.4lits Procedure- above 3in 10:8:16 ratio- Procedure- above 3in 10:8:16 ratio-

subjected to mild heat-till ghrita subjected to mild heat-till ghrita digested-dark brown granular powder digested-dark brown granular powder obtained.obtained.

Result- yield-2397gmsResult- yield-2397gms gain-897gms(59.8%) gain-897gms(59.8%)

Tamra ShodhanaTamra ShodhanaSAMANYA SHODHANASAMANYA SHODHANA Ref:AFI,Part-1,18:5,Sh.Sm.Mk 11/2-3Ref:AFI,Part-1,18:5,Sh.Sm.Mk 11/2-3 Mat req-Mat req- copper wire-790gmscopper wire-790gms tila taila-4.5litstila taila-4.5lits takra-4.5litstakra-4.5lits kanji-4.5litskanji-4.5lits gomutra-4.5litsgomutra-4.5lits kulthi kwatha-4.5litskulthi kwatha-4.5lits Procedure-red hot wires-quenched in above Procedure-red hot wires-quenched in above

liq.media one by one-process to be repeated 3 liq.media one by one-process to be repeated 3 times.times.

Result-yield-770gmResult-yield-770gm loss-20gm(2.5%)loss-20gm(2.5%)

VISHESH SHODHANAVISHESH SHODHANA Ref:AFI,Part1,18:5,A.P 3/118-119Ref:AFI,Part1,18:5,A.P 3/118-119 Mat.Req-Mat.Req- samanya shodhita tamra-500gmssamanya shodhita tamra-500gms snuhi ksheera-250mlsnuhi ksheera-250ml arka ksheera-250mlarka ksheera-250ml saindhava-500gmssaindhava-500gms nirgundi qwatha-3litsnirgundi qwatha-3lits Procedure-tamra smeared with Procedure-tamra smeared with

paste(snuhi+arka+saindhava)-heated till redhot-paste(snuhi+arka+saindhava)-heated till redhot-quenched in nirgundi qwath-process repeated 3 quenched in nirgundi qwath-process repeated 3 times.times.

Result- yield-651.5gmsResult- yield-651.5gms gain-151.5(30.5%)gain-151.5(30.5%)

Tamra MaranaTamra Marana Includes 4 procedure- Includes 4 procedure-

1.Shodhana- a.samanya 1.Shodhana- a.samanya

b.visheshb.vishesh

2.jarana2.jarana

3.marana3.marana

4.amritikarana4.amritikarana

Tamra MaranaTamra Marana

Ref:AFI,Part1,18:5,Sh.Sm.Mk 11/20-30Ref:AFI,Part1,18:5,Sh.Sm.Mk 11/20-30Step wise processing involved :Step wise processing involved : a. gandhaka jaranaa. gandhaka jarana b. dhatu pisti formationb. dhatu pisti formation c. golaka formation covering with gandhaka c. golaka formation covering with gandhaka

andand punernava kalkapunernava kalka d. puta paka for 12hrsd. puta paka for 12hrs e. putapaka in gajaputa thricee. putapaka in gajaputa thrice f. amritikarana in surana kanda f. amritikarana in surana kanda


Swedana of copper wires in amla drava-Swedana of copper wires in amla drava- Mat.Req- shu.tamra-500gmsMat.Req- shu.tamra-500gms kanji-5.6litskanji-5.6lits Procedure-heating wires in kanji on 60-70 Procedure-heating wires in kanji on 60-70 degrees-washed with warm water- degrees-washed with warm water- dried.dried. Result- Result- yield- 487.40yield- 487.40 loss-12.60(2.5%)loss-12.60(2.5%)

Tamra MaranaTamra MaranaJaranaJarana Mat.Req- Mat.Req- tamra after amla paka-487.40gmstamra after amla paka-487.40gms shu.gandhaka-578gmsshu.gandhaka-578gms Result- yield: 814.40gmsResult- yield: 814.40gmsDhatu PishtiDhatu Pishti Mat.Req- Mat.Req- shu.sans.parada-125gmsshu.sans.parada-125gms jarita tamra- 814.40jarita tamra- 814.40 Result-Result- yield: 904gmsyield: 904gms loss: 35gmsloss: 35gms


Golaka formation for 12hrs pakaGolaka formation for 12hrs paka Mat.req-Mat.req- dhatu pishti-904gmsdhatu pishti-904gms neembu swarasa-500mlneembu swarasa-500ml shu.gandhaka-1000gmsshu.gandhaka-1000gms punernava-500gmspunernava-500gms gum acacia-100gmsgum acacia-100gms saindhava-150gmssaindhava-150gms Result-Result- yield: 670gmsyield: 670gms

Tamra MaranaTamra MaranaPutapaka 1Putapaka 1stst Mat.Req-Mat.Req- tamra after 12hrs paka-640gmstamra after 12hrs paka-640gms shu.gandhaka-320(1/2 0f wt of tamra)shu.gandhaka-320(1/2 0f wt of tamra) suranakand swarasa-225mlsuranakand swarasa-225ml go ghrita-67gmsgo ghrita-67gms Procedure- bhavana of surana swarasa-Procedure- bhavana of surana swarasa-golaka formed-gandhaka smeared-gajaputa.golaka formed-gandhaka smeared-gajaputa. Result-Result- yield after 3yield after 3rdrd puta-588gms puta-588gms loss- 15gms(2.4%)loss- 15gms(2.4%)

Result of three putapaka at a glanceResult of three putapaka at a glance

S.No.Wt of cowdung

cakes

Wt before puta paka Wt after putapaka

Gain/loss

KalkaTamra

golakaKalka

Tamra golaka

Puta I 4.722 kg185.80

gm640 gm 42.0 gm 572gm -68gms

Puta II 4.288 kg 42 gm 562 gm36.80

gm613gm +51gms

Puta III 6.999 kg. 36.80 gm 603gm31.50

gm588gm -15gms

Amritikarana of Tamra Amritikarana of Tamra Bhasma Bhasma

Ref:AFI,Part1,18:5,R.T 17/40-41Ref:AFI,Part1,18:5,R.T 17/40-41 Mat.Req-Mat.Req-

tamra bhasma-578gmstamra bhasma-578gms

shu.gandhaka-289(1/2 of wt of tamra)shu.gandhaka-289(1/2 of wt of tamra)

neembu swarasa-200mlneembu swarasa-200ml

surana kanda-2 nos.(5kg)surana kanda-2 nos.(5kg) Result- yield:706.40gmsResult- yield:706.40gms

gain:107.40(18%) gain:107.40(18%)

Hingulotha ParadaHingulotha Parada

Ref:AFI,Part1,App.2,Rm. 1/16-17Ref:AFI,Part1,App.2,Rm. 1/16-17 Mat.Req-Mat.Req- hingula-1750gmshingula-1750gms neembu swarasa-q.sneembu swarasa-q.s Procedure-shodhana with neebu Procedure-shodhana with neebu

swarasa-kept in U.P yantra-tivra agni swarasa-kept in U.P yantra-tivra agni 6hrs-black powder in U.pot-sieved thru 4 6hrs-black powder in U.pot-sieved thru 4 layer cloth-globules obtained.layer cloth-globules obtained.

Result- yield of Hg: 631gms(36%)Result- yield of Hg: 631gms(36%)

Parada SanskaraParada SanskaraBODHANABODHANA Ref:AFI,Part1,App.2,R.Chu 4/88Ref:AFI,Part1,App.2,R.Chu 4/88 Mat.Req-Mat.Req- hingulotha parada-500gmshingulotha parada-500gms saindhava-156.25gmssaindhava-156.25gms water-750mlwater-750ml vatapatra-as requiredvatapatra-as required Result- yield:467gmsResult- yield:467gms loss:33gms(6.6%)loss:33gms(6.6%)

Parada SanskaraParada SanskaraNIYAMANANIYAMANA Ref:AFI,Part1,App.2,R.H.T 2/10Ref:AFI,Part1,App.2,R.H.T 2/10 Mat.Req-Mat.Req- Bodhita parada-29gmsBodhita parada-29gms lasuna-29gmslasuna-29gms nagvalli-29gmsnagvalli-29gms ambuja-29gmsambuja-29gms karkoti-not foundkarkoti-not found markava-29gmsmarkava-29gms chincha phala-29gmschincha phala-29gms kanji-q.skanji-q.s Result- Result- yield:456.60gmsyield:456.60gms loss:10.4gms(2.2%)loss:10.4gms(2.2%)

Parada SanskaraParada SanskaraDEEPANADEEPANA Ref:AFI,Part2,App.2,R.H.T 2/11Ref:AFI,Part2,App.2,R.H.T 2/11 Mat.Req-Mat.Req- niyamita parada-456.60gmsniyamita parada-456.60gms sphatika-28.50gmssphatika-28.50gms shu.kasisa-28.50gmsshu.kasisa-28.50gms shu.tankana-28.50gmsshu.tankana-28.50gms maricha-28.50gmsmaricha-28.50gms lavana-28.50gmslavana-28.50gms asuri-28.50gmsasuri-28.50gms shigru beej-28.50gmsshigru beej-28.50gms kanji-q.skanji-q.s Result-Result- yield-454.40gmsyield-454.40gms loss-2.20gmssloss-2.20gmss

PREPARATION OF CHANDRAKALA RASAPREPARATION OF CHANDRAKALA RASA

Ref:AFI,Part1,20:15,Y.R,mk.chi,sh.74-82gmsRef:AFI,Part1,20:15,Y.R,mk.chi,sh.74-82gms Mat.req-Mat.req- shu.sans.parada-410gmsshu.sans.parada-410gms tamra bhasma-410gmstamra bhasma-410gms abhraka bhasma-410gmsabhraka bhasma-410gms shu.gandhaka-820gmsshu.gandhaka-820gms Bhawana Drugs-Bhawana Drugs- musta kwatha-14litsmusta kwatha-14lits dadima swarasa-14litsdadima swarasa-14lits durva kwatha-14litsdurva kwatha-14lits ketaki kwatha-14litsketaki kwatha-14lits kumari kwatha-14litskumari kwatha-14lits sahdevi kwatha-14litssahdevi kwatha-14lits parpata kwatha-14litsparpata kwatha-14lits

Ramsheetalika kwatha-14litsRamsheetalika kwatha-14lits shatavari kwatha-14litsshatavari kwatha-14lits draksha kwatha-14litsdraksha kwatha-14lits Prakshepa DrugsPrakshepa Drugs tikta-400gmstikta-400gms guduchi satva-400gmsguduchi satva-400gms parpata-400gmsparpata-400gms ushira-400gmsushira-400gms madhavi-400gmsmadhavi-400gms sh.chandana-400gmssh.chandana-400gms sh.sariva-400gmssh.sariva-400gms


Table showing wt of extract value added by Table showing wt of extract value added by decoctionsdecoctions

NameName % Extract% Extract Wt of 14lit qwathaWt of 14lit qwatha

1.Musta1.Musta 44 560gm560gm

2.Dadima2.Dadima 14.614.6 2.044kg2.044kg

3.Durva3.Durva 22 280gm280gm

4.Ketaki4.Ketaki 33 420gm420gm

5.Sahdevi5.Sahdevi 44 560gm560gm

6.Kumari6.Kumari 3.13.1 434gm434gm

7.Parpata7.Parpata 44 560gm560gm

8.Ramsheetalika8.Ramsheetalika 44 560gm560gm

9.Shatavari9.Shatavari 77 2.380kg2.380kg

10.draksha10.draksha 41.341.3 5.782kg5.782kg

totaltotal 8787 13.580kg13.580kg

ProcedureProcedure 1.formation of dhatu kajjali and its division into 3 1.formation of dhatu kajjali and its division into 3 respective samples.respective samples. 2.seven bhawana of ten drugs each in form of 2.seven bhawana of ten drugs each in form of rasakriya in the 3 samples.rasakriya in the 3 samples. 3.addition of prakshepa drugs in the 3 samples.3.addition of prakshepa drugs in the 3 samples. 4.drying in shade to obtain req. consistensy.4.drying in shade to obtain req. consistensy. 5.formation of pill using go ghrita.5.formation of pill using go ghrita.

Result and observationResult and observation 1.final yield after making pills- 1.final yield after making pills- sample 1sample 1stst -5.346kg -5.346kg sample 2sample 2ndnd -5.336kg -5.336kg sample 3sample 3rdrd -5.400kg -5.400kg


Physical characteristics of pills in 3 samplesPhysical characteristics of pills in 3 samples 1.color – black1.color – black 2.odour – sweet smell of its own kind 2.odour – sweet smell of its own kind 3.taste – mild sweet and mainly tikta 3.taste – mild sweet and mainly tikta 4.appearance – smooth having sticky ,elastic nature4.appearance – smooth having sticky ,elastic nature 5.solubility – dissolves in water leaving behind residue 5.solubility – dissolves in water leaving behind residue 6.Ph – 6.56.Ph – 6.5

Extract value added in the final productExtract value added in the final product (A).Probable yield of chandrakala rasa : 18.380kg(A).Probable yield of chandrakala rasa : 18.380kg wt. of ext. of bhawana drugs- 13.580kgwt. of ext. of bhawana drugs- 13.580kg where wt of prakshepa drugs- 2.8 kgwhere wt of prakshepa drugs- 2.8 kg wt of kajjali- 2kgwt of kajjali- 2kg (B). Actual yield of chandrakala rasa obtained : 16.082kg(B). Actual yield of chandrakala rasa obtained : 16.082kg App. Wt of ext. of bhawana drugs- 11.282kgApp. Wt of ext. of bhawana drugs- 11.282kg where wt of prakshepa drugs – 2.8kgwhere wt of prakshepa drugs – 2.8kg wt of kajjali- 2kgwt of kajjali- 2kg


Anjabar sharbataAnjabar sharbata Ref: NFUM, Vol.2, pg.21Ref: NFUM, Vol.2, pg.21

Mat.Req – Mat.Req – 1.anjabar mula – 7kg1.anjabar mula – 7kg 2.kharnoob shami – 5kg2.kharnoob shami – 5kg 3.burada sandal surkh – 2kg3.burada sandal surkh – 2kg 4.burada sandal safaid – 2kg4.burada sandal safaid – 2kg 5.habb-ul-aas – 2kg 5.habb-ul-aas – 2kg 6.aab-e-ahantab – 100lits (5kg Fe turnings used)6.aab-e-ahantab – 100lits (5kg Fe turnings used) 7.quand sufaid – 75kg 7.quand sufaid – 75kg

Observation and ResultObservation and Result color- voiletcolor- voilet taste- madhur amla kashayataste- madhur amla kashaya yield- 85lits yield- 85lits

ResultResult

loss of wt = probable yield – actual yieldloss of wt = probable yield – actual yield

= 18.380 – 16.082= 18.380 – 16.082

= 2.298kg= 2.298kg

% of loss = 12.5% % of loss = 12.5%

Analytical studyAnalytical study

ANALYTICAL STUDYANALYTICAL STUDY

Samples analysedSamples analysed 3 samples of chandrakala rasa3 samples of chandrakala rasa abhraka bhasmaabhraka bhasma tamra bhasmatamra bhasmaParametersParameters Organoleptic characters – Organoleptic characters – color, odour, taste, touch, varitaratva,color, odour, taste, touch, varitaratva, rekhapurnatva, nishchandratva.rekhapurnatva, nishchandratva. Psysicochemical – Psysicochemical – LOD, AV, AIA, ASE, WSE, DT.LOD, AV, AIA, ASE, WSE, DT. Elemental assay – Elemental assay – AAS, XRDAAS, XRD Others – Microb. Limit test, carbohydrate estimation Others – Microb. Limit test, carbohydrate estimation

Table showing Organoleptic characters of 3 samples of Chandrakala rasa

S.No. Parameters Observation

S1 S 2 S 3

1 Colour Black Black Black

2 Odour Sweet smell Sweet smell Sweet smell

3 Touch Soft smooth, compressible

Soft smooth, compressible

Soft smooth, compressible

4 Taste Tikta, madhur

Tikta, madhur

Tikta, madhur

5 pH 6.56.5 6.56.5 6.56.5

Table showing organoleptic characters of Abhraka Bhasma in different stages of processing

S.No

ParametersAfter

shodhanaAfter Dhanya -

bhrikarmaAfter I puta

After 10th puta

After amritikarana

1 Colour Black Grayish black

Mostly grey with orange patches

Brick red Coffee brown

2 Odour OdourlessMildunpleasing odour

Odourless Colourless Odourless

3 TouchCoarse powder

moderately Fine powder

Fine Very fine Granular

4 Taste Astringent AstringentMild Salty

Mild Salty Tasteless

5 Appearance Shiny Shiny ShinyDiminished shine

shine dissappeared

6 Rekhapurnata __ __ + + +

7 Variataratva __ __ partially + +

Table showing organoleptic characters of Tamra Bhasma in different stages of processing

S.No

Parameters After JaranaAfter 12 hrs pultapaka

After 3rd putaAfter Amriti

karana

1 Colour Black Black Black Black

2 Odour Odourless Odourless Odourless Odourless

3 TouchCoarse powder

Moderately fine

Fine Very fine

4 TasteMetallic/ kashaya

Tasteless Tasteless Tasteless

5 Appearance Mild Haziness Shiny Shiny Shiny

6Rekha purnata

__ + + +

7 Varitaratva Partially - + +

8Dadhi Pareekesha

Marked blue discolouration

Slight bluish discolouration

No discolouration

No discolouration

Table showing physicochemical parameters of Chandrakala rasa.

S.No. Parameters Sample 1 Sample -2 Sample 03 Mean

1 Description Black colour Black colour Black colour

2 Loss on drying 5.12% 4.39% 4.59% 4.7%

3 Water soluble Ash 12.59% 14.43% 13.66% 13.56%

4 Acid Insoluble Ash 2.51% 3.14% 2.36% 2.67%

5 Alcohol soluble extractive

41.01% 36.0% 42.24% 39.75%

6 Total Ash 18.85% 18.24% 14.18% 17.09%

7 Disintegration time 18 – 22 min 18 – 20 min 18 – 21 min 20 min

8 Carbohydrate 44.11% 40.82% 45.0% 43.31%

9 Sulphur 2.25% 3.04% 3.55% 2.95%

10 Mercury 0.39% 0.36% 0.38% 0.38%

S.No. Parameters Sample 1 Sample -2 Sample 03 Mean

11 Copper 0.59% 0.56% 0.58% 0.58%

12 Iron 0.07% 0.06% 0.05% 0.06%

13 Lead 0.001% 0.001% 0.001% 0.001%

14 Arsenic 0.0003% 0.0003% 0.0003% 0.0003%

15 Magnesium 0.09% 0.08% 0.08% 0.083%

16 Sodium 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3%

17 Potassium 1.45% 1.46% 1.45% 1.45%

18 Zinc 0.01% 0.01% 0.01% 0.01%

19 Microbial analysis

Staphylococcus AureusE. coliSalmonella spp.Pseudomonas aeruginosa

AbsentAbsentAbsentAbsent




Table showing Elemental analysis of Abhraka Bhasma through A.A.S.

S.No.Test Parameter Results

1 Description Black Colour

2 Sulphur 1.23%

3 Iron 0.47%

4 Arsenic 0.0004%

5 Lead Not detected

6 Zinc 0.097%

7 Cadmium 0.0004%

8 Aluminum Not detected

9 Magnesium 0.19%

10 Manganese 0.05%

11 Mercury 0.003%

Table showing Elemental analysis of Tamra Bhasma through A.A.S.

S.No.Test Parameter Results

1 Description Black Colour

2 Sulphur 27.40%

3 Copper 1.1%

4 Mercury 0.23%

5 Lead 0.02%

6 Arsenic 0.006%

7 Sodium 0.001%

8 Potassium 0.18%

9 Zinc 0.004%

10 Cadmium 0.00002%

11 Iron 0.33%

Clinical StudyClinical Study

Diagnostic CriteriaDiagnostic Criteria

Clinical signs & symptomatology vizClinical signs & symptomatology viz Amount of flow of menstrual blood.Amount of flow of menstrual blood. Duration of flow of menstrual blood.Duration of flow of menstrual blood. Assessment of inter menstrual periodAssessment of inter menstrual period Body Ache (Angamarda)Body Ache (Angamarda) Weakness (Dourbalya)Weakness (Dourbalya) Pallor (Pandutva)Pallor (Pandutva) Burning sensation in body (Daha)Burning sensation in body (Daha)

Protocol includes 37 patients in 4 different Protocol includes 37 patients in 4 different groups using randomised single blind trial groups using randomised single blind trial method.method.

Criteria for inclusion Criteria for inclusion Patient aged between 12 to 50yrs of lifePatient aged between 12 to 50yrs of life Cases of bleeding P/V specifically endometrial Cases of bleeding P/V specifically endometrial

bleedingbleeding Bleeding caused by DUB, fibroid, adenomyosis and Bleeding caused by DUB, fibroid, adenomyosis and

PIDPID Lab invest. to rule out any organic or systemic diseaseLab invest. to rule out any organic or systemic disease USGUSG Blood- Hb%, TLC, DLC, ESR, CT, BT, RBS Blood- Hb%, TLC, DLC, ESR, CT, BT, RBS

Criteria for exclusion :Criteria for exclusion : Patients of Age < 12 years & above 50 yrs of life.Patients of Age < 12 years & above 50 yrs of life. Patients suffering from severe anemia Hb < 4 gm Patients suffering from severe anemia Hb < 4 gm

%% Systemic cause -Systemic cause -

Severe hypertensionSevere hypertension Liver dysfunctionLiver dysfunction Hypo dysfunctionHypo dysfunction Congestive cardiac failure.Congestive cardiac failure.

Patient having bulky ulterus more than 8 week Patient having bulky ulterus more than 8 week size.size.

Patient using IUCD.Patient using IUCD. Patients having bleeding from sites other than Patients having bleeding from sites other than

uterusuterus Patients having coagulation disorderPatients having coagulation disorder))

POSOLOGY

GroupDrug Administered

Dose Vehicle Time of administration

Duration of treatment

1 a)Chandrakala Rasab)Sharbata Anjabar

1 gm

25 ml

TandulodakaWater

Empty stomach twice a day

3 menstrual cycle or 3 months.

2 a)Chandrakala Rasa

1 gm Tanduladaka Empty stomach twice a day


3 a)Sharbat Anjabar

25 ml Water Empty stomach twice a day


4 a)Tandulodaka 200 ml ___ Empty stomach twice day


Follow Up StudyFollow Up StudyAll patients were regularly analyzed every 15 days till the end of trialAll patients were regularly analyzed every 15 days till the end of trial

CLINICAL ASSESSMENT:CLINICAL ASSESSMENT: patients were assessed for rakta stambhana property on the basis of symptom rating score patients were assessed for rakta stambhana property on the basis of symptom rating score

AMOUNT OF FLOW Intensity of bleeding GradeLess than 15 pads / cycle - 015 to 20 pads / cycle - 120 to 25 pads / cycle - 2More than 25 / cycle - 3

DURATION OF FLOW OR MENSTRUAL PERIODDays of bleeding GradeLess than 6 days - 0Less than 8 days - 18 to 9 days - 210 & More than 10 days - 3

INTER MENSTRUAL PERIODInterval between two periods / cycle GradeOnce in 26 – 28 days - 0Once in 21 – 25 days - 1Once in 16 – 20 days - 2up to 15 days or Irregular - 3

BODY ACHEGrading of pain ScoreOccasionally on doing Heavy work - 0After doing extra work - 1After doing Routine work - 2Even without Routine work - 3

PALLORGrading for pallor ScoreNormal - 0Mild - 1Moderate - 2Severe - 3

BURNING SENSATION IN BODY (DAHA)Grading for Burning sensation ScoreNo burning - 0Occasional mild burning - 1Often mild burning - 2Severe burning - 3

Table No. 14 showing Total effect of therapy in 37 Patients

Criteria for Criteria for assessmentassessment

No. of Patients

Group I Group II Group III Group IV

No. % No. % No. % No. %

Marked Improvement 2 20% 1 10% 1 10% - -

Moderate Improvement 4 40% 3 30% - - 2 28.57%

Mild Improvement 4 40% 4 40% 6 60% 4 57.14%

No Improvement - - 2 20% 3 30% 1 14.29%

Total effect of therapy in 37 patients (Subjective Symptoms)

GroupsTotal Effects (%)

Group I 69.6

Group II 63.2

Group III 46.8

Group IV 57.9

RESULTRESULT Statistical analysis of 4 groups on subjectives Statistical analysis of 4 groups on subjectives

parameters shows:parameters shows:

GROUP 1GROUP 1STST – Max relief in IMP(92.31%), 6 out of 7 symptoms – Max relief in IMP(92.31%), 6 out of 7 symptoms were were

relieved.relieved. GROUP 2GROUP 2NDND - Max relief in BURNING(100%), 5 out of 7 - Max relief in BURNING(100%), 5 out of 7

symptoms symptoms were relieved.were relieved. GROUP 3GROUP 3RDRD - Max relief in DURATION(81.25%), 3 out of 7 - Max relief in DURATION(81.25%), 3 out of 7 symptoms were cured.symptoms were cured. GROUP 4GROUP 4THTH – Max relief in FLOW(78.57%), 1 out of 7 was cured – Max relief in FLOW(78.57%), 1 out of 7 was cured ..

Intergroup comparision revealed Intergroup comparision revealed NON SIGNIFICANTNON SIGNIFICANT result of all the parameters, except for body painresult of all the parameters, except for body pain

Total effect of therapy in descending order: group 1Total effect of therapy in descending order: group 1stst , group 2, group 2ndnd group group 4th4th, group 3, group 3rdrd . .

DiscussionDiscussion

Discussion on Conceptual studyDiscussion on Conceptual study

First ref. of chandrakala rasa was found in R.R.S ( 13First ref. of chandrakala rasa was found in R.R.S ( 13 thth century). century). Chandrakala Rasa is prepared following the method prescribed in Chandrakala Rasa is prepared following the method prescribed in

AFI with required changes in the S.O.P. following its legal AFI with required changes in the S.O.P. following its legal notice.notice.

It has three mains aspect regarding S.O.P. which are Dhatu kajjali It has three mains aspect regarding S.O.P. which are Dhatu kajjali formation, Bhawana followed by addition of prakshepa drugs.formation, Bhawana followed by addition of prakshepa drugs.

Addition of prakshepa, after the Bhawana is the evidence of Addition of prakshepa, after the Bhawana is the evidence of rational scientific approach as this makes handling & processing rational scientific approach as this makes handling & processing easy,increases cost efficiency, saves labour and time.easy,increases cost efficiency, saves labour and time.

Its an e.g.. of drug prepared following the concept in Ra.Chin Its an e.g.. of drug prepared following the concept in Ra.Chin 6/38-39 i.e. in a formulation parada should be used with abhraka 6/38-39 i.e. in a formulation parada should be used with abhraka and lauha for DEHA BANDHA.and lauha for DEHA BANDHA.

A total of 6 path of M.chandrakala rasa and 5 path of A total of 6 path of M.chandrakala rasa and 5 path of Chandrakala rasa were found.Chandrakala rasa were found.

Compilation of 36 classical text having refs. Of the drug has Compilation of 36 classical text having refs. Of the drug has been done , out of which ------ were schedule books. been done , out of which ------ were schedule books.

Discussion on pharmaceutical Discussion on pharmaceutical

studystudy Difficulty was faced in kajjali formation due to greasiness of Difficulty was faced in kajjali formation due to greasiness of

sulphur and abhraka bhasma.sulphur and abhraka bhasma. Kajjali was not lustureless due to shine of tamra bhasma ,justified Kajjali was not lustureless due to shine of tamra bhasma ,justified

by ref. of SACHANDRA tamra bhasma in R.Samby ref. of SACHANDRA tamra bhasma in R.Sam.. Aspects regarding bhawana to maintain uniformity in procedure:Aspects regarding bhawana to maintain uniformity in procedure: 1. Equal amount of liq. By wt. of substance is sufficient for bhavana 1. Equal amount of liq. By wt. of substance is sufficient for bhavana in case of metallic bhasmas.in case of metallic bhasmas. 2. Quatha was made following ANUKALP vidhi for swarasa(1:8 - ¼)2. Quatha was made following ANUKALP vidhi for swarasa(1:8 - ¼) and ratio of (1:4 – ¼) for MRIDU dravya.and ratio of (1:4 – ¼) for MRIDU dravya. 3. Bhawana was given in form of RASAKRIYA due to paucity of time3. Bhawana was given in form of RASAKRIYA due to paucity of time and to facilitate quick dryingand to facilitate quick drying.. Total increase in the final product was found to be 8 times the Total increase in the final product was found to be 8 times the

wt.of wt.of starting material (Dhatu kajjali-2kg) starting material (Dhatu kajjali-2kg) There was loss of 2.298kg in the final yield may be due to:There was loss of 2.298kg in the final yield may be due to: 1. improper settling of liq. Media.1. improper settling of liq. Media. 2. error of calibration , measurement or calculation.2. error of calibration , measurement or calculation. 3. handling loss.3. handling loss.

PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSISPHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS Samples of the drug were proved sterile after microbial Samples of the drug were proved sterile after microbial

analysis,may be due to bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic property analysis,may be due to bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic property inherent in herbomineral formulations. inherent in herbomineral formulations.

Values of LOD (4.7% w/w), AV (17.09%w/w) and AIA Values of LOD (4.7% w/w), AV (17.09%w/w) and AIA (2.67%w/w) lies with in the ref. range in the monograph of (2.67%w/w) lies with in the ref. range in the monograph of DRUG as per CCRAS. DRUG as per CCRAS.

ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS Lead is found to be present in the permissible limits and Lead is found to be present in the permissible limits and

negligible increase (1.47ppm) was observed in range of negligible increase (1.47ppm) was observed in range of arsenic in samples of ckl rasaarsenic in samples of ckl rasa..

Apart from mercury and sulphur, presence of other elements Apart from mercury and sulphur, presence of other elements may be contributed by the decoction of herbal drugs may be contributed by the decoction of herbal drugs

Following elements were present in the samples of tamra as Following elements were present in the samples of tamra as well as abhraka bhasma – S, Fe, As, Zn, Cd, Hg.well as abhraka bhasma – S, Fe, As, Zn, Cd, Hg.

Elements like Mg and Mn were found only in abhraka bhasma Elements like Mg and Mn were found only in abhraka bhasma were as Cu, Na and K only in tamra bhasma.were as Cu, Na and K only in tamra bhasma.

XRD analysis of chandrakala rasa: sulphur(70%), HgS(20%), XRD analysis of chandrakala rasa: sulphur(70%), HgS(20%), CuS(10%). CuS(10%).

Discussion On Analytical StudyDiscussion On Analytical Study

Discussion on Clinical studyDiscussion on Clinical study

On comparing the effectiveness of the four Groups it was found On comparing the effectiveness of the four Groups it was found that the relief in symptoms was clinically significant in all the four that the relief in symptoms was clinically significant in all the four Groups but statistically it was proved non-significant, this may be Groups but statistically it was proved non-significant, this may be attributed to the fact that although random sampling was done but attributed to the fact that although random sampling was done but incidentally, most of the cases with severe underlying pathology incidentally, most of the cases with severe underlying pathology were Grouped under Group I and also due to small sample size in were Grouped under Group I and also due to small sample size in the present study.the present study.

If the effect of trial drugs on subjective symptoms is summarized, If the effect of trial drugs on subjective symptoms is summarized, it can be inferred that the drugs in Group I (69.6%) and Group II it can be inferred that the drugs in Group I (69.6%) and Group II (63.2%) are better remedy in treating the disease condition, (63.2%) are better remedy in treating the disease condition, although there is not much variation in the percentage of change although there is not much variation in the percentage of change in the two therapies, signifies that the role of Anjabar Sharbat is in the two therapies, signifies that the role of Anjabar Sharbat is not much significant in treating the disease. Further it implies that not much significant in treating the disease. Further it implies that Tandulodaka in the form of Anupana as well as in the form of Tandulodaka in the form of Anupana as well as in the form of single drug produced remarkable results.single drug produced remarkable results.

MODE OF ACTIONMODE OF ACTION Pharmacokinetic depends on panchmahabhuta Pharmacokinetic depends on panchmahabhuta

configuration,dealing with 5 aspects:rasa, guna, configuration,dealing with 5 aspects:rasa, guna, veerya, vipaka and prabhava.veerya, vipaka and prabhava.

Action of compound formulation action depends Action of compound formulation action depends on factor:on factor:

a. prakriti samsamveta or vikritivisham samvetaa. prakriti samsamveta or vikritivisham samveta b. incompatibilities like mana, guna and karmab. incompatibilities like mana, guna and karma virrudha.virrudha. c. samnya pratyarabdha or vichitra c. samnya pratyarabdha or vichitra

pratyarabdha.pratyarabdha. Kramana (anupana) brings about quick action Kramana (anupana) brings about quick action

andand increases bioavailability of the drug.increases bioavailability of the drug. Dhatu kajjali ,as a chief content possess Dhatu kajjali ,as a chief content possess

rasayana property and acts as yogavahi.rasayana property and acts as yogavahi.

MODE OF ACTIONMODE OF ACTION

AYUVEDIC ATTRIBUTES OF CHANDRAKALA RASAAYUVEDIC ATTRIBUTES OF CHANDRAKALA RASA

Rasa - madhura, tikta, kashyaRasa - madhura, tikta, kashya Guna – laghu, snigdhaGuna – laghu, snigdha Veerya – sheetaVeerya – sheeta Vipaka – madhuraVipaka – madhura Karma – rasayana, yogavahi, deepana, Karma – rasayana, yogavahi, deepana,

pachana, mootrajanana, raktapittahara, rakt pachana, mootrajanana, raktapittahara, rakt shodhaka, daha prashmana, rakta shodhaka, daha prashmana, rakta vardhaka.s vardhaka.s

SAMPRAPTI GHATAKASAMPRAPTI GHATAKA

Dosha – pitta and vataDosha – pitta and vata Dushya – rasa and rajahDushya – rasa and rajah Adhisthana – garbhashayaAdhisthana – garbhashaya Shrotusa – artavavahi shrotusaShrotusa – artavavahi shrotusa Dushti prakrana – vimarga gamanaDushti prakrana – vimarga gamana atipravritti atipravritti

Roga marga – abyantaraRoga marga – abyantara

MODE OF ACTIONMODE OF ACTIONDOSHADOSHA VATA – madhur vipaka, snigdha and rasayana gunaVATA – madhur vipaka, snigdha and rasayana guna PITTA - sheeta veerya PITTA - sheeta veerya

DUSHYADUSHYA RAJAH – rakta shodhaka, raktaprasadaka drugsRAJAH – rakta shodhaka, raktaprasadaka drugs RASA – deepana pachana drugsRASA – deepana pachana drugs

ADISTHANA ,SHROTUSAADISTHANA ,SHROTUSA GARBHASHAYA AND RAJOVAHI SHROTUSA – shothahara, GARBHASHAYA AND RAJOVAHI SHROTUSA – shothahara,

ropana, lekhana, sandhaniya, vranaropana, laghu guna. ropana, lekhana, sandhaniya, vranaropana, laghu guna.

DUSHTI PRAKRANADUSHTI PRAKRANA ATIPRAVRITTI – Rakt stambhaka drugs, rakt vardhakaATIPRAVRITTI – Rakt stambhaka drugs, rakt vardhaka

ConclusionConclusion

1.first description of chandrakala rasa found in R.R.S (13th Century)

2. medicine should be manufactured implying GMP and SOP to prevent contamination of any sort.

3. analytical study of chandrakala rasa revealed the uniformity of the procedures in the three samples .

4.Absence of live pathogen in samples of drug proves the Bacteriostatic, Bacteriosidal effect of Herbominaral formulation

5. Increase of final product is estimated to be eight 5. Increase of final product is estimated to be eight times the weight of dhatu kajjali. times the weight of dhatu kajjali.

6. All three Ayurvedic preparations did not impart any 6. All three Ayurvedic preparations did not impart any side effect, esp. chandrakala rasa .side effect, esp. chandrakala rasa .

7. Clinical Study shows haemostatic potential of all the 7. Clinical Study shows haemostatic potential of all the drugs in four groups with better results in group I drugs in four groups with better results in group I and Group II .and Group II .

8. Combination of drugs in Group I proved to be the 8. Combination of drugs in Group I proved to be the best remedy for treating the symptoms of Asrigdara best remedy for treating the symptoms of Asrigdara as 6 out of 7 were cured.as 6 out of 7 were cured.

9. All 3 trial drugs esp. chandrakala rasa was well 9. All 3 trial drugs esp. chandrakala rasa was well tolerated at the given dose ,with out any undesirable tolerated at the given dose ,with out any undesirable side effect.side effect.

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Chandra Kala Ras

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