2017 AP Physics 1 Summer AssignmentWelcome to AP Physics 1! This course is designed to prepare you to earn college credit through the AP Physics 1

examination. AP Physics can be a conceptually and mathematically challenging course. College Board (the people in charge of AP exams) recommends AP Physics 1 as a 1st year physics course. This means even if you have never taken a physics course before you can be successful in this course. AP Physics 1 is a rigorous class that covers A

LOT of material. This necessitates a fast pace. The following pages are designed to ensure you have the foundation necessary to do well in this course.

Part I: Supplies & Remind

Supplies: There are a couple of supplies you need to get.

On the AP Physics 1 test you can use a scientific or graphing calculator. You will need this calculator every day in class for labs, assignments, and tests.

You will also need TWO graph ruled composition notebooks. These are usually on sale right before school starts. Please make sure that the one you purchase has graph paper and is not spiral bound. One will be used for notes and labs and the other will be used for KBATS.

We will be using Flipping Physics as a resource for lecture notes. Please make sure you have access to the internet to watch these videos. The website we will be using is: http://www.flippingphysics.com/algebra.html .

To Do Prior to Monday, July 24th, 2017

o Sign up for Remind by texting @ap12017-18 to 81010

o Print this entire packet.o Complete one of the research projects listed

below.o Try to answer all the questions in the packet. If

you can’t answer a question, complete it the best you can. Simply do your best to provide

evidence of effort on these questions.

Part 2: AP Credit

How will AP Physics 1 (Test) Transfer? Check the websites of colleges you are considering going to and see what test score they require to earn credit for AP Physics 1. Use that information to help you set a goal for what score you want to get on the AP Physics 1 test on May 8th, 2018.

Will this course count toward my major? Locate a 4 year course plan or degree requirements listing the course you need to take for your major on the college website of your choice. If your major requires physics, verify the physics course number that the test counts as credit for matches the course number for the class you have to take for your major. If your major does not require physics, you will most likely need a physical science course with a lab in your general education requirements, so verify this course will count towards your general education requirements. I will be more than happy to help you fill this out if you need help or have any questions, or wish to check into multiple universities!

Directions: Go to YouTube.com and search for ONE of these experiments. Choose one that applies, and complete your report!

School used as a reference: __________________________________________

Academic Major: ____________________________________________________

What is the course code that AP Physics 1 receives credit for (example: Physics 1210)? ____________________

Is physics required for this major? ________________

If yes, what is the course code of the physics course required for your major? (example: Physics 2750) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ If no, what general science is required for your major? (Example: Must include 9 credits in these sciences: biological science, physical science, and / or mathematical science) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Select one of the following options.

a) My major requires physics and this course meets that physics requirement.b) My major requires calculus based physics. This AP test will not be accepted as credit for that course, but I

will need the knowledge of this course to be successful in calculus-based physics.c) My major doesn’t require physics specifically, but does require general science credit and this course

fulfills the general science requirement.d) This course won’t help me towards my degree, and I probably should change my high school schedule.

Part III: Math RequirementsWe will progress at a very fast pace and a basic understanding of some math is essential. The attached concepts are an integral part of this course, as they are skills you must be very comfortable with from day one. The more effort you put into this packet, the easier the beginning of the semester will be.

If you do not feel comfortable with one or more of the following skills/concepts, it is your responsibility to use the resources available to you (a friend, the internet, the reference sheet attached in the back of this handout, located at http://www.erikthered.com/tutor/act-facts-and-formulas.pdf) until these skills are second nature.

We will NOT spend class time on this material, so it is your responsibility to get it done outside of the classroom. This packet will also count as your summer homework assignment and will be due Friday, August 4th, 2017

Part IV: Intro to InquiryIn addition to the review of algebra and geometry, I would like for you to do some research this summer. Something semi-scientific. This next year will have a large lab emphasis with much of the learning stemming directly from experimental observations. With that in mind, the second part of your summer assignment will involve making observations, doing research, analyzing data, and reaching conclusions based on popular YouTube experiments. Choose any ONE of the following for your short report to be turned in on Friday, August 4 th as a part of your first grade.

1) Rubens tube 2) Pendulum waves 3) Singing Tesla Coil4) Ooblek 5) Toroidal vortices6) Cloud in a bottle 7) Bed of nails

Again, the short report should include the following areas of focus:

I. Background/Research – How was the lab set up? What safety precautions must be taken? What key Physics Relationship(s) does the lab exhibit? What significance does this relationship have in real-world contexts? (You’ll have to do a little digging beyond the video clip)

II. Observations – What observations can you make as you watch the lab? What measurements and data would you need to collect to support the relationship at play? Did the lab go as you expected? Were there any unexpected outcomes? In particular, be sure to include the following:1. Record scientific observations and other scientists' findings regarding the phenomena.2. Record any questions that come to mind when viewing the scientific phenomenon.

III. Analysis/Conclusions: What does the data obtained from the experiment suggest? What conclusions can you reach about the particular physics phenomenon you choose to study? What aspects, if any, are still unclear and would need further exploration? You must include:1. Propose how a variable could be changed in the experiment and suggest a hypothesis for the results.2. Locate a graph, table or equation associated with the scientific phenomena. Use mathematical reasoning to explain the model.3. Locate a scientific explanation of the phenomenon, and evaluate the evidence leading to thatexplanation.The report does not have to be a set number of pages or paragraphs (I would imagine one page would be fine), just do your best to respond fully to each of the sections listed above. Each numbered prompt must be addressed (ex: #1 Record scientific observations and other scientists’ findings must be addressed). It does not have to follow a certain format, but I would title each section as “Background,” “Observations,” and “Analysis.” If you have any questions or concerns about the assignment, please feel free to contact me at the below e-mail address. I look forward to a great year.

Part V: Class Structure and Resources

Due to the amount of content presented in AP Physics 1, most of your note taking will be done outside of class through Flipping Physics. It is a great and comprehensive resource to understand the basics, and during class we will further understanding and apply knowledge to labs. I would highly recommend getting familiar with the website because we will be using it quite often.

Otherwise, expect class time to be dedicated to lots of labs and activities that challenge your understanding of the world. Physics is fun and interactive, and I try to have at least one lab experiment or demonstration a day.

If you have any questions or concerns, feel free to contact me. I look forward to meeting you this upcoming school year!

Good luck and enjoy your summer,Sincerely,Ms. Welsh

Welsh.Kinsey@cusd80.com

Helpful Geometry and Trigonometry Review:

Consider the diagram at the right, then answer the following:

1. What is line B in relationship to the circle? B

a) Secant b) Tangent c) Chord A

2. Line A extends from the center of the circle, what is the

angle measured between lines A and B?

Angle = _________

3. What is the measure of θ in the diagram below?

θ

142°

4. What is the measure of angle θ in the diagram below?

θ

5. Find the area under the following graph:

7

10 22

30°

Pythagorean Theorem - for any right triangle, a2+b2=c2, where:

c

a

b

Find the unknown quantities for each right triangle given the information below, round to the nearest tenth.

6. a = 9, b = 9, c = _______ 7. a = 4, b = _______, c = 12 8. a = ______, b = 10, c = 13

Basic Trigonometry: Using Sine, Cosine, and Tangent for any right triangle.

sin (θ )=opphyp

;cos (θ )= adjhyp

; tan (θ )=oppadj

Use the following triangle to find the unknown information for questions 9 -12:

c

a

θ b

9. θ = 50° ; a = ______ ; b = 10; c = _______

10. θ = 60° ; a = ______ ; b = _________; c = 2

11. θ = ______ ; a = ______ ; b = 10; c = 15

12. θ = 45° ; a = 8 ; b = _______; c = _______

Formula Manipulation: Some of the most difficult problems we’ll see in this course are those which require implicit manipulation of a formula (solving for one of the variables in terms of the others).

Solve the following relationships for the indicated variable:

13. v2=v02+2 a(x−x0) ; Solve for a: a = ____________________

14. ac=v2

r ; Solve for r: d = ____________________

15. mgh=12

m v2 ; Solve for v: v = ____________________

16.1

R eq= 1

R1+ 1

R2 : Solve for R1 : R1 = _____________________

17. x=x0+v0 t+ 12

a t2; solve for t: t = ______________________

18. Fg=G m1 m2

r 2 ; solve for r: r = ______________________

Solving a System of Linear Equations with Substitution:

Solve the systems using the substitution method:

19. 2 x+5 y=7 20. 3 x+ y=16

x+4 y=2 2 x−3 y=−4

Use substitution to combine the equations and eliminate W. (You can solve both equations for W and then set them equal, or you could solve for W in one equation and then plug it into the 2nd equation.)

21. N−Wcosϴ=0

Wsinϴ=ma

22. Solve the previous equation for a. (Rearrange the equation so that “a” is on one side and all the other variables are on the other side.) You need to be comfortable with using mathematical rules to rearrange equations with no numbers.

Variable Relationships: Use and equation to predict how one variable effects another variable.

23. In the equation, F=GmMr2 if M increases by 2, what will happen to F?

24. In the equation, F=GmMr2 if r increases by 2, what will happen to F?

Unit Conversions:Physics uses the KMS system (SI: System Internationale). KMS stands for kilogram, meter, second. These are the units of choice of physics. The equations in physics depend on unit agreement. So you must convert to KMS in most problems to arrive at the correct answer.

kilometers (km) to meters (m) and meters to kilometers gram (g) to kilogram (kg)centimeters (cm) to meters (m) and meters to centimeters Celsius (oC) to Kelvin (K)

millimeters (mm) to meters (m) and meters to millimeters atmospheres (atm) to Pascals (Pa)nanometers (nm) to meters (m) and metes to nanometers liters (L) to cubic meters (m3)micrometers (m) to meters (m)Other conversions will be taught as they become necessary.

What if you don’t know the conversion factors? Colleges want students who can find their own information (so do employers). Hint: Try a good dictionary and look under “measure” or “measurement”. Or the Internet? Enjoy.

25) 4008 g = _______________ kg

26) 1.2 km = _______________ m

27) 823 nm = _______________ m

28) 298 K = _______________ oC

29) 0.77 m = _______________ cm

30) 8.8x10-8 m = _______________ mm

31) 1.2 atm = _______________ Pa

32) 25.0 m = _______________ m

33) 2.65 mm = _______________ m

34) 8.23 m = _______________ km

35) 5.4 L = _______________ m3

36) 40.0 cm = _______________ m

37) 6.23x10-7 m = _______________ nm

38) 1.5x1011 m = _______________ km

Always use the KMS system: Units must be in kilograms, meters, seconds. On the all tests, and assignments, including the AP exam (Wednesday, May 2, 2017) you must: 1. List the original equation used.

2. List known and unknown information and verify unit agreement.3. Show correct substitution.4. Arrive at the correct answer with correct units.

Distance and displacement are measured in meters (m)

Speed and velocity are measured in meters per second (m/s)

Time is measured in seconds (s)

Example: A car travels 1000 meters in 10 seconds. What is its velocity?

39) A car travels 35 km west and 75 km east. What distance did it travel?

40) A car travels 35 km west and 75 km east. What is its displacement?

41) A car travels 35 km west, 90 km north. What distance did it travel?

42) A car travels 35 km west, 90 km north. What is its displacement?

43) A bicyclist pedals at 10 m/s in 20 s. What distance was traveled?

44) An airplane flies 250.0 km at 300 m/s. How long does this take?

Reference Sheet

http://hotmath.com/hotmath_help/topics/solving-systems-of-linear-equations.html

VectorsMany of the quantities in physics are vectors. This makes proficiency in vectors extremely important.

Magnitude: Size or extent. The numerical value.

Direction: Alignment or orientation of any position with respect to any other position.

Scalars: A physical quantity described by a single number and units. A quantity described by magnitude only.

Examples: time, mass, and temperatureVector: A physical quantity with both a magnitude and a direction. A directional quantity.

Examples: velocity, acceleration, force

Notation: or

Length of the arrow is proportional to the vectors magnitude.

Direction the arrow points is the direction of the vector.

Negative VectorsNegative vectors have the same magnitude as their positive counterpart. They are just pointing in the opposite direction.

Vector Addition and subtraction

Think of it as vector addition only. The result of adding vectors is called the resultant.

+ =

So if A has a magnitude of 3 and B has a magnitude of 2, then R has a magnitude of 3+2=5.

When you need to subtract one vector from another, think of the one being subtracted as being a negative vector. Then add them.

A⃗−B⃗ is really

A⃗+−B⃗=R⃗+

−B⃗ =

A negative vector has the same length as its positive counterpart, but its direction is reversed.So if A has a magnitude of 3 and B has a magnitude of 2, then R has a magnitude of 3+(-2)=1.

This is very important. In physics a negative number does not always mean a smaller number. Mathematically –2 is smaller than +2, but in physics these numbers have the same magnitude (size), they just point in different directions (180o apart).

There are two methods of adding vectors that will be discussed in our 2-dimensional kinematics unit

How are vectors used in Physics?They are used everywhere!

SpeedSpeed is a scalar. It only has magnitude (numerical value).vs = 10 m/s means that an object is going 10 meters every second. But, we do not know where it is going.

VelocityVelocity is a vector. It is composed of both magnitude and direction. Speed is a part (numerical value) of velocity.v = 10 m/s north, or v = 10 m/s in the +x direction, etc.There are three types of speed and three types of velocity

Instantaneous speed / velocity: The speed or velocity at an instant in time. You look down at your speedometer and it says 20 m/s. You are traveling at 20 m/s at that instant. Your speed or velocity could be changing, but at that moment it is 20 m/s.

Average speed / velocity: If you take a trip you might go slow part of the way and fast at other times. If you take the total distance traveled divided by the time traveled you get the average speed over the whole trip. If you looked at your speedometer from time to time you would have recorded a variety of instantaneous speeds. You could go 0 m/s in a gas station, or at a light. You could go30 m/s on the highway, and only go 10 m/s on surface streets. But, while there are many instantaneous speeds there is only one average speed for the whole trip.

Constant speed / velocity: If you have cruise control you might travel the whole time at one constant speed. If this is the case then your average speed will equal this constant speed.A trick question

Will an object traveling at a constant speed of 10 m/s also always have constant velocity? Answer before you keep reading.

Not always. If the object is turning around a curve or moving in a circle it can have a constant speed of 10 m/s, but since it is turning, its direction is changing. And if direction is changing then velocity must change, since velocity is made up of speed and direction.