Mafalu Lotolua

2016 Pacific Update Conference

18th -19th July 2016, Suva, FIJI

Challenges with moving to Higher Level of RE Penetration in Tuvalu

RE Target for Power Generation – 100% by 2020

2-Stated Goals• To generate electricity with 100% renewable energy by 2020 (revised 2025), and• To increase energy efficiency on Funafuti (main island) by 30%

100% Target

Guided by the RE&EE Master Plan and isdirectly linked to the:

- Tuvalu National SustainableDevelopment Plan (Te Kakeega III),

- Tuvalu National Energy Policy 2009,

- Climate Change Policy (Te Kaniva) and

Master Plan has identified the mostpossible proven technologies for Tuvalu tomeet its 100% target.

Implementation Strategies

60 – 95% - Solar

0 – 40% - Wind

5% - Biodiesel

30% - Energy Efficiency

• Cannot achieve 100% renewable energy with ONE Renewable Energy source and needto include other potential PROVEN and MATURED technology, and

• Energy Efficiency is also important to avoid additional renewable energy generation.

IS

Tuvalu Electricity Corporation(TEC) – Diesel Replacement

Fully state owned Enterprise(SOE)responsible for managing andoperating diesel power generatorsand grid-connected systems on the 8-islands of Tuvalu

3xdiesel generators of totsl176kW

3xdiesel generators of total 176kW

3xdiesel generators of total 176kW

3xdiesel generators of total 176kW

3xdiesel generators of total 176kW

3xdiesel generators of total 208kW

3xdiesel generators of total 1800kW

3xdiesel generators of total144kW

Battery lighting

RE Space in Tuvalu

195kW PV mini-grid – 90% (2015)

232kW PV mini-grid – 90% (2015) 205kW PV mini-grid

– 90% (2015)

410kW PV mini-grid - 90% (2015)

60kW PV mini-grid – 50%Additional – 10kW (2015)

77kW PV mini-grid – 50%Additional – 10kW (2015)

45kW PV mini-grid – 50% (2015)

170kW PV grid-connected (2015)

Stand Alone Home System (SHS) (2016) 925kW PV/200kW wind/1MWh battery

storage (2017/2018)

Amatuku – 8kW PV mini-grid – 2% (2016)

NZ Funded

EU Funded

Italy Funded

UAE Funded

Japan Funded

Finland Funded

World Bank Funded

Funafala - Stand Alone Home System (SHS) (2016)

MSS – 46kW PV mini-grid – 60% (2009)

500kW PV grid-connected (2015)

66/20kW PV grid-connected (2014/2008)

Main Island

RE Space in Tuvalu (con’t)No Island Technology PV Capacity

(kW)Batt. AH % RE

1 Funafuti Solar PV grid-connected 756 Nil 17

2 Vaitupu, Niutao, Nanumaga and Nanumea

Solar PV mini-grid 1,042 (410,232,205,

195)

159,000 (60,000,36,000,33,000,30,000)

90

3 Nukulaelae, Nukufetauand Nui

Solar PV mini-grid 182(45,77,60)

46,020(12,228,18,432,

15,360)

50

4 Amatuku, TMTI Solar PV mini-grid 8 2,000 2

5 Niulakita and Funafala Standalone Home System (SHS)

100

6 Motufoua Solar PV mini-grid 46 12,000 60

• Funafuti – 756kWp installed capacity(Controlled (SMA Fuel Saver)– 436kWp and Uncontrolled – 320kWp)

• Outer islands – 1,270kWp PV installed capacity

Solar Growth in Tuvalu

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

kW Deployed

Source – TEC

Energy Efficiency Portfolio

No Activity Progress DevelopmentPartners

1 Energy Efficiency Act Endorsed by Parliament in April’16

Australian Govt. through SPC

2 EE Loan Scheme Launched end of June’16 GEF through IUCN

3 RE&EE Demo Fale Near Completion SIDS Dock through UNDP

4 Prepayment Meters Finalizing Specifications World Bank

5 Window Tinting for Govt. Main Office building

Yet to start World Bank

6 Replacing of container refeers with Cool Rooms

Yet to start World Bank

Overall Share of Renewable Energy

IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES

MASTER PLAN END2014

END 2015/2016

END2017/2018

Solar PV : 60 – 95% 4% 29% 43%

Wind : 0-40% 0 0 2%

Biodiesel : 5% 0 0 0

Energy Efficiency : 30% 0 0 0

Road to 100% RE

• KEMA analysis stated that at least one diesel generator need to run at 50% output at all time to provide Voltage and Frequency and to replace the sudden loss of renewable energy generation.

• TEC has engaged KEMA again to carry out a Renewable Resource Impact Study to identify the various technical issues involved in connecting more PV and wind generation facilities into TEC power system, and also the

• Economic evaluation for future growth of renewable resources with energy storage in TEC system

% RE Level

Without Storage

Storage (kW/kWh)

PV Capacity (kW)

OUTER-ISLANDS

100% • More PV’s and storage for 3-islands and also alternative fuel for generators in all islands

FUNAFUTI

50% 3,200

200/600 2,800

75% 10,000

85% 950/5,500 4,900Source – DNV KEMA report 2013

Challenges with moving to High Level of PV/Wind-Funafuti Have reached maximum level of penetration

and further increase in RE will raises thepotential interconnection and challengesassociated with system safety, reliability andimbalances and demand

Small overall system size (and there are nointerconnections to other systems)

Thermal ratings of the conductors

Limited ability of diesel generators to respondto sudden changes in renewable generationoutput

The loss of one operating generators can oftenresult in fairly wide swings in system voltageand frequency

Limited RE resources

Limited land space

Lack of finance and highly depended onpartners/ donor community

Technical Solutions

Using of storage to increase the PV/windpenetration and also helps in absorbingintermittent output from renewable resourcesand sustaining energy supply during the timewhen renewable resources not available.

Limit the maximum output of solar/windgeneration so that maximum limit is notexceeded during brief periods when there arewind gusts or the shine fully

Smart-Grid

Using of residential roof-top or other landspace such as pond, lagoon

Some Innovative ways to install PV modules

In front of the Power Station

Funafuti Island Natural bond - potential for floating PV’s system.

Space can be used for parking/recreation

Some Innovative ways to install PV modules(con’t)

Power station Site for PV

Nukufetau Island

Asset Management

Must have sufficient funding

Need qualified staff to look after the system

Islands are separated by sea and need goodinternet connectivity for daily remotemonitoring of the system, and

Need the on-going support of the contractor

• Good Asset Management prolongs the life cycle of an asset

Lessons Learnt

Grid Stability/Renewable Resource Impact Study is a MUST

Donor coordination in country

Establish coordinating committee between the donors and the recipient

To involve the inverter manufacturer to design an appropriate system not to affect thegrid

Ensure to know the process how to claim failed equipment, mainly the majorcomponents

Innovative ways to install panels – not to waste land space

BAU Vs RE&EE

-

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022

BAU

REEE Master Plan

• BAU is steadily increasing and with the installation of RE, the dieselconsumption tend to decrease.

• Diesel Saved from January – June, 2016 (6months period) –~12% as comparedto the same period of 2015.

Lit

ers

Thank You