Challenges, opportunities and risks for developing countries … · KFC Organization. checklist for...
Transcript of Challenges, opportunities and risks for developing countries … · KFC Organization. checklist for...
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Challenges, opportunities and risks fordeveloping countries to actively be involved in
standardization and how this could impacttrade in the global marketplace
GenevaSeptember 2013
Jane Ngige
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Discussion points:• Standards & Commerce• Using standards• Challenges• Opportunities
– Company– Sector– National– International
• Climate / Environment• Some thoughts
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Preamble:• Standards: a language of sustainable
commerce• Link commerce and other segments of
the economy -Productivity• Equity in global trade negotiations• Main partners in standardization:
businesses, consumers, stateregulatory authorities and standardsbodies
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Kenya Exports to EU22%
Kenya Exports to EAC27%
Kenya Exports COMESA(non EAC COMESA
countries)17%
Rest of the world34%
Kenya Exports by destination in 2012
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Horticulture exports values 2010-2012
Growing Responsibly
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2010 2011 2012
Val
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Vegetables
Fruits
Nuts
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Main Issues:
Sustainability: Marginsunder pressure
• Enhance Competiveness• Focus on Product development• Quality management• Business models• Market access
Local and international Business facilitation Standards Trade protocols
EU; RUSSIA; HOLLAND; JAPAN Packaging
• Logistics• Packaging• Cool chain
Distant Markets:
•. Efficient use of resources. H2O. Fuel. Labour
Productivity:
• Nationally, Regionally and international : political; governance &economical• Industry
Branding Kenya:
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Using Standards:
Business entities• Need based• Resources
Sector level organisation• Common agenda• Justification• Resources
National level• Justification• Effective and efficient Implementation• Sustainability
International level• Relevance• Sustainability
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KFC Organization
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checklist foraudits generated
& endorsed,
Mechanism for GuidingVerifications & Certification
proposed
First nationaltrials
Review and FinaliseStandards, QMS and
Mechanism forverification +certification
Guidelines forauditing,
verification,validation andcertification
Development of stds:
Draft CoP (s) +QMS procedures
Review &desk
Research
KeyInformants
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Challenges:• Lack of appreciation / knowledge leads to
“standard takers”• Non participation: paucity credible information to
articulate, and defend interests – national /international
• Limited opportunities to influence / ratify stds• Difficulties in adoption of standards and adapting
to conditions of certain economic activities henceless effective in commerce
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Tesco NURTURE
KeBS KS 1758
Earmarked for ISO GUIDE 17025 &FSI in 2013
Accredited ISO GUIDE 65 SOME PARTNERS
KAMA. E. A.
WORLD BANK
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National:
• Failure to inculcate of adherence to minimumstandards compromises sustainability in theexploitation of resources
• the lack of capacity in implementinginternational standards leads to increasedcosts and difficulties in applying the standardsneeded to increase exports sources
• can cause obstacles or trade barriers
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Sector:• technology transfer limited to well endowed
businesses within a sector• businesses not necessarily convinced that the
benefits of sharing R&D are greater than therisk involved in revealing proprietaryinformation
• Reliance on local standards developmentagencies for relevant information.
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Company:
• Not sufficiently informed• partly aware of the strategic potential of
standards and accruing benefits• Private industry standards involve of selected
interested parties.
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Making/negotiating internationalstandards
• Lack of concrete information and quality data ontopics of discussion.
• The fear of dealing with the unknown.• Challenges of dealing with cultural differences and
foreign bureaucracies.• Lack of adequate preparation – delegates &
organizers
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Opportunities:
• Continuous economic growth: sustainabledevelopment (economic, environmental andsocial)
• Competitiveness: access, expand, penetrateand grow market share in global markets.
• Emerging economies should learn usestandardization as a tool to create and sustainnew trade opportunities.
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….opportunities:
• reduce liability risk• Stimulate, disseminate innovation and value
addition for economic growth• effective communication• Promotion of locally-identified adaptation strategies;
benchmarking & sharing of best practices / lessonslearned, and exchange of information
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Risks:• Initial costs could be prohibitive in the process of transforming
business• Migration of trained human resources to competitors• While public standards may be consistent for a period of time,
private standards are dynamic• In developing countries, business standards often lag behind
parallel national developments, leading to lack of effectiveincentives and disincentives
• Failure of governments to effectively participate in standardssetting (local regional or international) could lead todevelopment of standards that are not practical or achievable
• Where sustainability standards are seen as being in conflictwith development, they risk being de prioritized
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Thoughts on what can be done to enhance capacityamong stakeholders using international climate
standards in an efficient way
• Encourage / support developing countries becoming more involvedin international standard setting & implementation
• International standards are of key interest to governments, theprivate sector, NGOs, research and other stakeholders; it is ofimportance that the process of developing market relevantstandards is stakeholder-driven
• Other actions include (1) formulation of national resourceefficiency use / productivity strategies, (2) development of systemsfor monitoring, reporting and verification, (3) development ofstandard data collection systems, (4) setting baselines and (5)establishment of programs / projects that promote sustainabilityand innovation
• Draw policies that incentivize sustainable measures
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Thank [email protected]