CHALLENGES OF CCS DEPLOYMENT SOUTH AFRICA · PDF fileRun-of-Mine Production 313.8 Mt ... Duvha...
Transcript of CHALLENGES OF CCS DEPLOYMENT SOUTH AFRICA · PDF fileRun-of-Mine Production 313.8 Mt ... Duvha...
CHALLENGES OF CCS DEPLOYMENTSOUTH AFRICA
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Run-of-MineProduction313.8 Mt
“Washing”
“Screening”
Discards70.2 Mt
244.5 Mt
69.3 Mt
67.1 Mt
SOUTH AFRICA’S COAL CHAIN 2006
Stocks
2.1 Mt
Synfuels43.7 Mt
Electricity108.7 Mt
Local Use 24.5 Mt
Export68.8 Mt
38.7 Mt 47.5 Mt
3.1 Mt 5.0 Mt 61.2 Mt
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COST OF ELECTRICITY WORLDWIDE
- 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00
DenmarkItaly
AustriaPortugal
JapanIrelandFrance
Sw itzerlandGermany
UKHungary
FinlandSlovakia
SpainGreeceMexicoPolandTurkeyCzech
USChinese Taipei
KoreaNorw ay
AustraliaSouth Africa
US c/kWh
Households
Industry
The extremely low cost of electricity in South Africa gives the country asignificant competitive advantage in terms of energy intensive industries
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HIGHEST CO2 EMITTING POWER PLANTS IN THE WORLD(>20 MTONNES OF CO2)
5 of the highest CO2 Emitting Power plants in the World are
located in South Africa
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Matla
Matimba
Majuba
Kendal
Tutuka
Lethabo
DuvhaKriel
Matla
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NIRP2Stage2Capacityoutlook2004to2022
30000
32000
34000
36000
38000
40000
42000
44000
46000
48000
50000
52000
54000
56000
58000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Cap
acit
y(M
W)
EskomExistingCapacitywithDecommissioning Non-EskomExistingCapacitywithDecommissioningImports-CahoraBassaHydro SimunyeEskommothballedplantsPumpedStoragecapacity PeakingcapacityBaseloadcapacity ExpectedAnnualPeakDemand(beforeDSM)ExpectedPeakDemandafterexpectedDSM Requiredcapacity(Plan14=RM14.4%LT)Requiredcapacity(Plan01=RM5.6%LT) Requiredcapacity(Plan02=RM20%LT)
GreenfieldPBMR(Base)- Earliest end2013
GreenfieldPF(Base) - Earliest end2015
CCGT(Base) - Earliest 2009
FBC(Base)- Earliest 2010Fast track- Earliest end2009
GreenfieldPumpedStorage-Earliest 2013
KomatiPF-Earliest2008
OCGT- 2006
Grootvlei PF- 2007
Camden
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Eskom's Installed profile
WilgeTaaibos Salt RiverHighveldKomati
IngaganeCamden
Grootvlei
Hendrina
Arnot
HF Verwoerd
Kriel
Acacia
Port Rex
Vanderkloof
Matla
Duvha
DrakensbergKoeberg
Tutuka
Lethabo
Matimba
Palmiet
Kendal
Majuba 1-3Zesco
Cahora BassaCamden
Majuba 4-6Komati
Grootvlei
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Year
Meg
awat
tIns
talle
d
55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 00 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Dashed line = Approved peak demand + 20% Reserve Margin
EXISTING PLANTEXISTING PLANT –– AGEAGE
Most stations at mid life refurbishment point.
Now
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0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
tC
O2
inm
illio
ns
t CO2 3030 2680 1490 661 400 356 226 212 222
MGWh Energy 4720 2500 1770 989 1020 625 246 362 246
CO2 per MGWh 0.642 1.072 0.842 0.668 0.392 0.570 0.919 0.586 0.902
USA China India Russia Japan Germany Australia UK RSA
RELATIVE tCO2 EMISSIONS BY POWER PLANTS
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•SASOL
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CHALLENGES
Location of the powers plants relativeto CO2 geological storage sites
Transport infrastructuralcost
13Location of the powers plants relative to
CO2 geological sites-
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PRELIMINARY WORK
• Study commissioned in 2004: Yes CO2 STORAGE POTENTIAL SA• CCS Atlas Project to identify the Storage sites, Capacity and
characterization in progress• Public Outreach
– Media– Workshops
• Capacity building– Membership planned: IEA Greenhouse Gas Research and
Development Program– Capacity building in school: students send for training (Supported
by CSLF and IEA), sustainability through tertiary education training– USA supported CCS capacity building – CSLF
(SASOL,AngloCoal,Eskom,PetroSA,Council for GeoSciences,DME)
• System of Innovation: Establishment of chairs (SANERI)– Clean Coal Technologies– Hydrogen Economy– Carbon Capture and Storage (next)
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CHALLENGES………
• REGULATORY GAPS ANALYSISAND LINKAGE TO INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
• CAPACITY BUILDING:CO2 GEOLOGICAL STORAGE CAPACITY ANDCHARACTERISATION- COLLABORATION SUPPORT
• COST OF CO2 SEQUESTRATION• PUBLIC OUTREACH• CCS DEMO PLANT IN ONE OF THE EMERGING
ECONOMIES• PRIORITIES
ENERGY SECURITYSOCIAL OBLIGATION