Challenges of 5G mmWave RF Module - OpenAirInterface€¦ · We introduce our point of view for...
Transcript of Challenges of 5G mmWave RF Module - OpenAirInterface€¦ · We introduce our point of view for...
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Agenda
5G Vision and Scenarios
mmWave RF module considerations
mmWave RF module solution for OAI
Conclusion
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5G Vision and Scenarios
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5G Vision and Scenarios
Source: Qualcomm, Challenges and Design Aspects for 5G Wireless Networks
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mm-Wave: a sure solution for 5G
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Candidate higher bands in WRC-15 & FCC
Source: Huawei, D.Soldani
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mmWave RF Module Considerations
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Antenna and RF front-end
Microwave vs. mmwave:
Isotropic Tx
d
mmWave aperture
Microwave aperture
Sphere area: 4pd2
Rx
Effective area: l2/4p
PA
PA
DAC
Beamforming weight
Up-converterPADAC
BS
UECell edge
mmWavesingle antenna
Micro-Wave single antenna BS
UECell edge
mmWave beamforming
mmWavesingle antenna
Micro-Wave single antenna
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Beamforming architecture selection
All digital vs. hybrid beamforming:
Beamforming weight
Up-converter
PADAC
PADAC
PADAC
PA
PA
DAC
PA
PA
DAC
All digital beamforming Hybrid beamforming
Hybrid beamforming architectures may be a good choice by trading-off power consuming, cost and complexity.
12bits x 2(I/Q) x 250MHz x 64 elements= 384Gbits/s
⋮
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Rank Issue in beamforming
rank?
MU-MIMO in different beamSpatial Multiplexing
BFℎ11 ℎ21ℎ12 ℎ22
… ℎ𝑛1… ℎ𝑛2
⋮ ⋮ℎ1𝑚 ℎ2𝑚
⋱ ⋮… ℎ𝑚𝑛
MU-MIMO in same beam
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PA
PA
DAC
PA
PA
ADC
PA
PA
DAC
PA
PA
ADC
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Polarization in beamforming
Polarization could help the rank condition in two layer beamforming
Beamforming weight
Up-converter
Two layers with polarization may be a good choice in mmWave band when using beamforming
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PA
PA
DAC
PA
PA
DAC
PA
PA
DAC
PA
PA
DAC
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Fast beamforming capability
How fast we need?
Subfram 0
Slot 0
0.586 ms8.333 ms
9.440 ms
Subfram 1 Subfram 2 Subfram 91 frame = 10 subframes
1 subframe = 8 slots
1 slot = 14 OFDM symbols
1 radio frame = 10 ms
1.0 ms
125.391 ms
1.107 ms8.333 ms
8.919 ms
Slot 1
124.870 ms
Symbol 13CP
1
Symbol 2CP
1Symbol 1C
P1
0.586 ms8.333 ms
8.919 ms
1 slot = 14 OFDM symbols
0.586 ms8.333 ms
8.919 ms
Symbol 13CP
1
Symbol 2CP
1
Symbol 1CP
1
Symbol 0CP
0
Symbol 1CP
1
72 1024 72 1024 72 1024 72 1024
72 102472 102472 1024136 1024
15408 15344
122880 122880 122880 122880
Slot 2 Slot 3 Slot 4 Slot 5 Slot 6 Slot 7
1540815344 15344 15344 15344 15344
125.391 ms 124.870 ms
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Phase noise issue
At carrier in higher frequency, phase noise becomes significant and could result in performance degradations
Oscillator
x N
x N
D/A RF Antenna Elements
D/A RF Antenna Elements
RF Antenna Elements
RF Antenna Elements
x N
x N
• Consider PN issue in spec. design
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mmWave RF module solution for OAI
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5G mmwave platform
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Function block of platform
XC7K325T
Kintex-7 FPGA AD9361
TX1
RX1
RX2
TX2
USBJTAG
1GBDDR3
Clock board VCTCXO
MmwaveDCI
Power
CLK OUTCLK IN
SYNC OUTSYNC IN
1GbpsEthernet mmWave
Module
M3FORCEC-C1056A
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Hardware spec.
RF part (M3FORCEC-C1056A)
2x2 MIMO, Support band: 70 MHz to 6.0 GHz
Bandwidth: 200kHz to 56 MHz
AD/DA: 12 bits
TX EVM: ≤−40 dB
TX noise: ≤−157 dBm/Hz noise floor
TX monitor: ≥66 dB dynamic range with 1 dB accuracy
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Mmwave module
28GHz antenna phased array system (gNB) specifications
Frequency band:27.5GHz~28.3GHz
4 x 4 (or 4x2) antenna array
EIRP: 4x2 case H:~29dBm, V:26.3dBm
Dual polarization with same antenna
2-stream
Horizontal field of view:120 degrees
Vertical field of view:120 degrees
Total 8 fast beam tables
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Phased Array Configuration
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4x2 Phased Array 4×4 Phased Array
H V
DCI Bus DCI BusDCI Bus
1.8 VDC 1.8 VDC 1.8 VDC
H V
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Ideal Beam Pattern & Beam Tables for 4-by-4 module
WB /Phase C0 C1 C2 C3
R3 112.5 0 0 112.5
R2 112.5 0 0 112.5
R1 112.5 0 0 112.5
R0 112.5 0 0 112.5
NB0 /Phase C0 C1 C2 C3
R3 0 135 281.25 56.25
R2 0 135 281.25 56.25
R1 0 135 281.25 56.25
R0 0 135 281.25 56.25
NB1 /Phase C0 C1 C2 C3
R3 0 45 90 135
R2 0 45 90 135
R1 0 45 90 135
R0 0 45 90 135
NB2 /Phase C0 C1 C2 C3
R3 135 90 45 0
R2 135 90 45 0
R1 135 90 45 0
R0 135 90 45 0
NB3 /Phase C0 C1 C2 C3
R3 56.25 281.25 135 0
R2 56.25 281.25 135 0
R1 56.25 281.25 135 0
R0 56.25 281.25 135 0
Spherical Coordinate
Phi=90°Vertical Beam
Phi=0°Horizontal Beam
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Ideal Beam Pattern & Beam Tables for 2-by-4 module
Phi=90°Vertical Beam
WB /Phase C0 C1 C2 C3
R1 112.5 0 0 112.5
R0 112.5 0 0 112.5
NB0 /Phase C0 C1 C2 C3
R1 0 135 281.25 56.25
R0 0 135 281.25 56.25
NB1 /Phase C0 C1 C2 C3
R1 0 45 90 135
R0 0 45 90 135
NB2 /Phase C0 C1 C2 C3
R1 135 90 45 0
R0 135 90 45 0
NB3 /Phase C0 C1 C2 C3
R1 56.25 281.25 135 0
R0 56.25 281.25 135 0
Phi=0°Horizontal Beam
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3-D far-field pattern
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Far-field patterns of LTCC antenna array
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Input Power vs. EIRP
-55 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
EIR
P (
dB
m)
Input Power (dBm)
Measured EIRP
-50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
EIR
P (
dB
m)
Input Power (dBm)
Measured EIRP
4×2 LTCC Phased Array Module
Horizontal Polarization Vertical Polarization
29 dBm
26.3 dBm
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28GHz distributed LO
◼ Phase noise performance⚫ INT PHN(10k~100MHz @12.25GHz)=-42.5dBc+3dB(DSB)=-39.5dBc
⚫ INT PHN(10k~100MHz @24.5GHz)=-39.5dBc+6B(x2 frequency)=-33.5dBc
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Beamforming capability
Mmwave communication
Very fast beam control: stable time ~140 ns
Measure mmwave channel
Develop beam calibration algorithm
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More about beam control
Beamforming control (case 1)
Beamforming control (case 2)
0.586 ms8.333 ms
8.919 ms0.586 ms
8.333 ms
8.919 ms
Symbol 13CP
1
Symbol 2CP
1
Symbol 1CP
1
Symbol 1CP
1
72 1024 72 1024 72 1024 72 1024
0.140µs
Beam indextiming
Data in FPGA
Beam controlin FPGA
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Key feature
Matlab based design
very easy to use
Provide matlab API and matlab example codes
Very robust and accuracy clock board:
Initial Frequency Tolerance (@+25°C): ±0.3ppm
Frequency stability: ± 0.28ppm over -40°C ~ +85°C
Frequency step resolution by DAC: 10ppb/Step
Support packet-based real-time processing
Support 4x4 and 8x8 MIMO signal processing
Fixed initial phase difference between each case
Packet synchronization
Crystal synchronization
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Provided function
Init_C: initialize platform
Analog_setting_C: set RF module parameters
TX gain, RX gain, crystal, frequency band, bandwidth, I/Q imbalance, hopping function
TX_C: transmit matlab generated signal
Repeat number
RX_C: receive RF module signal to matlab variable
Sample length
RXDE_C: associated with TX function when repeat number is one
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Usage case 1
TX only: Arbitrary waveform generator (AWG)
Transmit any waveform from matlab
Setting parameters: repeat number
TX_exp_with_TX_gain.m
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Usage case 2
RX only: Scope
Log RF to Basedband waveform
Setting parameters: log length
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Usage case 3
Packet-based real-time transmission:
Dual link transmission
Transmit a packet Decode a packet
Transmit an ACK packet
Decode ACK packet
Transmit next packetDecode another packet
Transmit an ACK packetDecode ACK packet
⋮
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Usage case 3
Dual link transmission
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OFDM case
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Usage case 4
Packet-based real-time transmission:
Single link transmission
Transmit a packet Decode a packetWaiting a certain time
Transmit next packetDecode another packet
⋮
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Usage case 5
MIMO processing study:
EthernetMatlab code
M3FORCE-C1056A
Platform
M3FORCE-C1056A
Platform
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Conclusions
We introduce our point of view for mmWave RF module
Hybrid beamforing is better
Two layers with polarization is better
Fast beam change is required
We Introduce our solution of mmWave RF module for OAI
Frequency band:27.5GHz~28.3GHz
4 x 4 (or 4x2) antenna array
EIRP: 4x2 case H:~29dBm, V:26.3dBm
Dual polarization with same antenna
2-stream
Horizontal field of view:120 degrees
Vertical field of view:120 degrees
Total 8 fast beam tables
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