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Challenges in Ubiquitous Computing Patrick Malatack.
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Transcript of Challenges in Ubiquitous Computing Patrick Malatack.
Challenges in Ubiquitous Computing
Challenges in Ubiquitous Computing
Patrick MalatackPatrick Malatack
Today’s ReadingsToday’s Readings
Charting Past, Present, and Future Research in Ubiquitous Computing by Gregory Abowd and Elizabeth Mynatt
The Origins of Ubiquitous Computing Research at PARC in the Late 1980sby Mark Weiser, Rich Gold, John Seely Brown
Some Computer Science Issues in Ubiquitous Computing by Mark Weiser
Charting Past, Present, and Future Research in Ubiquitous Computing by Gregory Abowd and Elizabeth Mynatt
The Origins of Ubiquitous Computing Research at PARC in the Late 1980sby Mark Weiser, Rich Gold, John Seely Brown
Some Computer Science Issues in Ubiquitous Computing by Mark Weiser
Charting Past, Present, and Future Research in Ubiquitous ComputingCharting Past, Present, and Future Research in Ubiquitous Computing
Natural interfacesContext-aware applicationsAutomated capture and accessContinuous interactionPrivacySecurityVisibilityControl
Natural interfacesContext-aware applicationsAutomated capture and accessContinuous interactionPrivacySecurityVisibilityControl
Computing with Natural InterfacesComputing with Natural Interfaces
Ubicomp inspires off the desktop applicationsNeeds off the desktop means of interactionSpeech, gestures, writing
More accessibleEasier to use???
Ubicomp inspires off the desktop applicationsNeeds off the desktop means of interactionSpeech, gestures, writing
More accessibleEasier to use???
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Problems with Natural InterfacesProblems with Natural Interfaces
First Class Data TypesKeyboard and mouse
Characters and x,y coordsMost natural interfaces try to convert to first class type
Pen to text, speech to textCurrent Research is working with freeform input as a
primitive.Need to find other ways of structuring inputWhat other problems does creating new primitive types
imposeDevelopment issues
First Class Data TypesKeyboard and mouse
Characters and x,y coordsMost natural interfaces try to convert to first class type
Pen to text, speech to textCurrent Research is working with freeform input as a
primitive.Need to find other ways of structuring inputWhat other problems does creating new primitive types
imposeDevelopment issues
Problems with Natural InterfacesProblems with Natural Interfaces
Error Prone Interaction Permit new and numerous
mistakes People do not have perfect
recognition People don’t recognize
increases in accuracy Needs to be 5-10% to be
recognized Three areas
Error Reduction Error Discovery Reusable toolkit for error
handling
Error Prone Interaction Permit new and numerous
mistakes People do not have perfect
recognition People don’t recognize
increases in accuracy Needs to be 5-10% to be
recognized Three areas
Error Reduction Error Discovery Reusable toolkit for error
handling
Questions about Natural InterfacesQuestions about Natural Interfaces
Can we ever capture subtleties of natural human communication??
What different natural interfaces might exist?? Nintendo Wii
Trauma Center, Wii Sports iPhone
How is accidental communication handled? StarTrek
“Computer:play music” Why do developers want to build apps for these
interactions? More errors, more edge cases
Can we ever capture subtleties of natural human communication??
What different natural interfaces might exist?? Nintendo Wii
Trauma Center, Wii Sports iPhone
How is accidental communication handled? StarTrek
“Computer:play music” Why do developers want to build apps for these
interactions? More errors, more edge cases
Context Aware ComputingContext Aware Computing
Current Systems Generally using position and
identification of objects Still do not provide a complete
context Definition of context is limited
Research Areas Context Toolkits
Toolkit for sensing environmentExplicit use of sensed
information is up to program What is Context? How is Context represented?
Current Systems Generally using position and
identification of objects Still do not provide a complete
context Definition of context is limited
Research Areas Context Toolkits
Toolkit for sensing environmentExplicit use of sensed
information is up to program What is Context? How is Context represented?
What is Context?What is Context? Who
Currently generally tailored to one user How important are others in determining our behavior
How could this be captured? What
Attempt to figure out what is currently happening Sense environment, use calendar software etc. What is the cost of the wrong guess?
TiVo Problem Where
Location based information GPS Most explored of context information
When Easily obtained information - Computer good a remembering time
Although determining when one event stops and another begins is not easy Why
Even harder than the “what” question, biometric sensors might help
Who Currently generally tailored to one user How important are others in determining our behavior
How could this be captured? What
Attempt to figure out what is currently happening Sense environment, use calendar software etc. What is the cost of the wrong guess?
TiVo Problem Where
Location based information GPS Most explored of context information
When Easily obtained information - Computer good a remembering time
Although determining when one event stops and another begins is not easy Why
Even harder than the “what” question, biometric sensors might help
Other Problems with ContextOther Problems with Context How do computers represent context
No universal context schemes, toolkits must be developed with standard context representations
Context may contain a lot of information with only a few pieces relevant for determining context.
Context Sensing and Fusion Sensors are not as flexible as human sensors
Right sensor for right jobUse multiple sensors in parallel to offset noise
Bit of a chicken-and-egg problemHow do you know when to switch sensor? Use context
How do computers represent context No universal context schemes, toolkits must be developed
with standard context representations Context may contain a lot of information with only a few
pieces relevant for determining context. Context Sensing and Fusion
Sensors are not as flexible as human sensorsRight sensor for right jobUse multiple sensors in parallel to offset noise
Bit of a chicken-and-egg problemHow do you know when to switch sensor? Use context
Automated Capture and AccessAutomated Capture and Access Recording information and data as it occurs
Computers are inherently good at recording, people are not People freed up to summarize and understand Most work in academic/ classroom settings
Time stamping lectures, digital whiteboards Challenges in capture and access
Sometime we don’t know we want to capture something until after its already happened
How could the computer know that? If it captures everything then we need a system of sorting and
filtering (access) Gmail Problem
Access is a problem because capturing of raw data can be burdensome for sifting through…systems need to recognize important events facilitate access
Recording information and data as it occurs Computers are inherently good at recording, people are not People freed up to summarize and understand Most work in academic/ classroom settings
Time stamping lectures, digital whiteboards Challenges in capture and access
Sometime we don’t know we want to capture something until after its already happened
How could the computer know that? If it captures everything then we need a system of sorting and
filtering (access) Gmail Problem
Access is a problem because capturing of raw data can be burdensome for sifting through…systems need to recognize important events facilitate access
Challenges Everyday ComputingChallenges Everyday Computing
No clear beginning and end Both fundamental activities like communication and Long-term endeavors do
not have predefined starts and ends Traditional HCI deals with transition users from current state to a goal state
Not necessarily a goal state
Interruptions People are constantly interrupted Constantly on computer systems must recognize interruption and change
state Also computers must appropriately interrupt users
Concurrency People multitask and rapidly switch task based on external unpredictable
environment Systems need to adapt to this opportunistic behavior and change accordingly
No clear beginning and end Both fundamental activities like communication and Long-term endeavors do
not have predefined starts and ends Traditional HCI deals with transition users from current state to a goal state
Not necessarily a goal state
Interruptions People are constantly interrupted Constantly on computer systems must recognize interruption and change
state Also computers must appropriately interrupt users
Concurrency People multitask and rapidly switch task based on external unpredictable
environment Systems need to adapt to this opportunistic behavior and change accordingly
Research in Everyday computingResearch in Everyday computing
Continuously present interfaceNo current model of continuously present interfaces,
even people are not continuously presentCreate an interface that doesn’t get annoying
Determine what information should require my attention and what should be display peripherally
Comfort and style If constantly worn or carried must be stylish and
comfortable
Continuously present interfaceNo current model of continuously present interfaces,
even people are not continuously presentCreate an interface that doesn’t get annoying
Determine what information should require my attention and what should be display peripherally
Comfort and style If constantly worn or carried must be stylish and
comfortable
Other Challenges for UbicompOther Challenges for Ubicomp
Hard to evaluate Ubicomp SystemsLittle publish on ubicomp evaluationSystems often required to be fully connected leading
to systems that are hard to buildLack of development toolkits make system creation
difficultSystems often need to be integrated into peoples
lives which using big clunky prototypes does not lead itself well too
Task/Goal centric approaches don’t work in ubicomp
Hard to evaluate Ubicomp SystemsLittle publish on ubicomp evaluationSystems often required to be fully connected leading
to systems that are hard to buildLack of development toolkits make system creation
difficultSystems often need to be integrated into peoples
lives which using big clunky prototypes does not lead itself well too
Task/Goal centric approaches don’t work in ubicomp
Social issues in UbicompSocial issues in Ubicomp
PrivacyPotential for misuseHow should users be informed of computer
monitoring (Don’t be invisible??) Is it ok to give up this privacy in some settings,
healthcareDo we give the hackers too much power
SecurityConstant monitoring take away personal
responsibilityWhat happens if I lose my data
PrivacyPotential for misuseHow should users be informed of computer
monitoring (Don’t be invisible??) Is it ok to give up this privacy in some settings,
healthcareDo we give the hackers too much power
SecurityConstant monitoring take away personal
responsibilityWhat happens if I lose my data
Killer App in UbicompKiller App in Ubicomp
Article talked about Ubicomp as killer existence rather than just killer appThat said killer apps like spreadsheets and word
processing drove desktop proliferationDoes Ubicomp need a killer app to spur is adoption?Where would such a killer app come from?
Business setting or home users
Article talked about Ubicomp as killer existence rather than just killer appThat said killer apps like spreadsheets and word
processing drove desktop proliferationDoes Ubicomp need a killer app to spur is adoption?Where would such a killer app come from?
Business setting or home users