Challenges In Managing Drinking Water And Domestic ... · Indonesia. Universal Access (100%) Target...
Transcript of Challenges In Managing Drinking Water And Domestic ... · Indonesia. Universal Access (100%) Target...
Challenges In Managing Drinking Water And Domestic Wastewater In Indonesia
Prof. Dr.Ing. Prayatni Soewondo
Water and Wastewater Engineering Research GroupFaculty of Civil and Environmental EngineeringInstitut Teknologi Bandung,, Indonesia
2018 Taipei International Water Environment Forum & Taipei Water Expo August 30th ~ September 1st 2018, Taipei, Taiwan.
72.04% of drinking water national access
in 2017,76.37%
of municipal wastewater access in
2016
National Medium-Term Development Plan of
Indonesia
Universal Access (100%) Target
for Water and Domestic Wastewater Access
Sustainable Development
Goals Access to safe water
and sanitation
The 1945 Constitution of IndonesiaArticle 33: The land, the waters and the natural riches contained therein shall be controlled by the State and
exploited to the greatest benefit of the people.
BACKGROUND
Source: Budi, 2016
BACKGROUNDContribution of Pollution Sources in Major River Basins
84%
61%
48%
59%
47%
6%
4%
16%
10%
22%
4%
15%
35%
13%
22%
6%
20%
1%
18%
9%
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Ciliwung River
Cisadane River
Musi River
Citarum River
Brantas River
Domestic Agriculture Livestock Industry
Water bodies has been polluted by wastewater, specifically domestic wastewater.
The water bodies is also used as intake for water treatment plant (to provide drinking water)
No Parameters UnitEffluent Standard
OldRegulation*
NewRegulation**
1 pH - 6-9 6-92 Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) mg/L 100 303 COD mg/L - 1004 Total Suspended Solid mg/L 100 305 Oil and Grease mg/L 10 56 Ammonia mg/L - 107 Total Coliform total/100 mL - 3,0008 Discharge L/orang/hari - 100
Explanation:* Regulation of Minister of Environment No 112/2003 about Wastewater Quality Standard and
Regulation of Minister of Environment No 5 /2014 about Wastewater Quality Standard.** Regulation of Minister of Environment and Forestry No.68/2016 about Domestic Wastewater Quality
Standard
BACKGROUNDIndonesia has tighten the effluent standard for domestic wastewater to improve water quality of water bodies.
DRINKING WATER MANAGEMENT
Drinking Water Development in Indonesia
2011
20132015
20172019
55.04%
Urban52.16%
Rural57.87%
67.73%
Urban79.34%
Rural56.17%
71.05%
Urban81.30%
Rural60.58%
72.04%
Urban80.82%
Rural62.58%
100%
Urban100%
Rural100%
Gap 27.96%
Challenges in Drinking Water Development
Challanges
Water realibility
Intake water quality
Service Area
Idle capacity
Commercial losses and
physical losses
Regional Drinking
Water Company
Performance
Funding
National losses of 33%(BPPSPAM Audit, 2016)
Decrease of water quantity
High load of pollutant
Up to 38.000 L/sec in total(due to decrease of water quantity or overdesign capacity)
27.96% gap to reach 100% total access in 2019
Unsignificant improvement of
performance
National Fund: 3.5 M USD
Non-National Fund:14 M USD
(fund to complete 100% in 2015-2019)
Based on Directorate of Water Supply System Development Indonesia, Ministry of Public Works and Housing Indonesia (2018)
QUANTITYMeet the standard water
requirements of 60 liters/person/day
AFFORDABILITYAffordable price (≤ 4% of
household income)
CONTINUITY24 hour service
QUALITYFulfill drinking water quality
requirement in Regulation of the Health Minister No 492/2010
CLEAN WATER MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIAFour Principles for Drinking Water Management
CLEAN WATER MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIAEfforts to achieve the 2019s universal access to drinking water
REGULATION GUIDANCE AND SUPERVISION
MANAGEMENT AND OPTIMIZATION NEW DEVELOPMENT NON PIPING SYSTEM
IMPROVEMENT
Preparation of Legislation and Guidelines
• Development of Drinking Water Management Planning
• Construction guidance• Restructuring of drinking
water companies• Development of increased
access to investment• Coaching the
implementation of good governance
• Development of RPAM implementation
• Guidance for "Full Cost Recovery" tariff fulfilment
• Optimization and rehabilitation of existing systems
• Decrease in water loss
• Application of "Idle Capacity"
• Water Grant• Increased energy
efficiency
• Regional drinking water supply system
• Urban drinking water supply system
• Community-based drinking water supply system
• Special area drinking water supply system
• Quality improvement of non piping water supply system construction
• Improved water quality of non piping water supply systems
DOMESTIC WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
Challenges in early 2000s
Source: Asri Indiyani & Aldy Mardikanto, 2017
Source: Asri Indiyani & Aldy Mardikanto, 2017
Wastewater Access Achievement in Each Province in Indonesia
Basic AccessNoAccess
Improved Sanitation Access
TARGET*
BASELINE CONDITION IN 2015**
Source:* Susenas 2014** Susenas 2015
General Challange in managing domestic wastewater in Indonesia: Access distribution
44.20% 48.56% 51.19% 55.54% 55.60% 57.35% 60.91% 61.06%62.14%67.20%
14.57%12.61%
13.32%11.36% 11.04% 10.45%
10.79% 11.55% 11.54%9.17%
58.77%61.17%
64.51%66.90% 66.64% 67.80%
71.69% 72.61% 73.68%76.37%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Improved Sanitation Basic Sanitation (Rural Area) Sanitation Access
+ 2%/yearincrease
Reported in MDGs
SDG’s
100%
85%
15%
Universal Access for SanitationRPJMN 2015-2019
Wastewater Access Development in Indonesia
WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA
ON-SITE SYSTEM
OFF-SITE SYSTEM
On-site Treatment Sub-system Septage Transport Sub-system
Septage Treatment Sub-system
Individual Scale Communal Scale
Septic Tank Communal Septic Tank
(2-10 Household
Share Toilet
Septage Truck, others proper transportation (three wheel
motorbike, etc.)Septage Treatment Plant
Service Sub-system Collection Sub-system
Treatment Sub-system
Pipe network inside the household area, inspection chamber
Service Pipe, Lateral Pipe, and Main Pipe Network
Centralize Urban WWTP
Settlement Scale WWTP
Specific Regional Scale WWTP
The sludge will be
transported to STP
Source: Suharsono, 2018
WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIAON-SITE SYSTEM
Desludging
Septic tank
Transporting
Treatment
Treated sludge recycle
Cost
umer
Management Institution
Private sector
Sanctions
Payment Mechanisms
WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIAON-SITE SYSTEM
Source: IGES and GES, 2017
WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIAOFF-SITE SYSTEM: Communal scale
• Wastewater Treatment, secondary piping system, pumping station (optional)
• 11-100 households• Manage by local community
OFF SITE – COMMUNAL SCALE
WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIAOFF-SITE SYSTEM: Regional scale
• Wastewater Treatment, secondary piping system, pumping station (optional)
• 20-2000 households• Business and settlements
area
OFF-SITE – Regional Scale
Construction of regional scale domestic wastewater treatmentin Bekasi City for 150 households.
Technology: Anaerobic Baffled Reactor
WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIAOFF-SITE SYSTEM : Regional scale
WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA
WWTP, Service Sewerage Pipe, Lateral Sewerage Pipe, and Main Sewerage Pipe
Urban area (City)
CENTRALIZE URBAN (CITY) SCALE
OFF-SITE SYSTEM: City Scale
THANK YOU