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Transcript of CHALLENGE OF BIOFUEL AS TRANSPORTATION FUEL IN INDONESIA · CHALLENGE OF BIOFUEL AS TRANSPORTATION...
CHALLENGE OF BIOFUEL AS TRANSPORTATION FUEL IN INDONESIA
Zarrah Duniani
Research & Development
Processing Directorate
Asian Petroleum Technology Symposium Vietnam, February 18-20, 2009
Mas Putra Agung
Technology Process Services
Processing Directorate
OUTLINE
∆∆ GOVERNMENT ENERGY POLICYGOVERNMENT ENERGY POLICY
∆∆ BACKROUND OF PERTAMINA BIOFUELS PROGRAMBACKROUND OF PERTAMINA BIOFUELS PROGRAM
∆∆ PERTAMINA BIOFUELS PROGRESSPERTAMINA BIOFUELS PROGRESS
∆∆ CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
3
INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT POLICY ON DEVELOPING BIOFUEL
The Presidential Instruction No. 1/ 2006 on preparing and using of Biofuel
as alternative fuel The Ministerial of ESDM Regulation
No. 32/2008on preparing, using and managing the market
of biofuel as an alternative fuel
The Presidential Instruction No. 1/ 2006 on preparing and using of Biofuel
as alternative fuel The Ministerial of ESDM Regulation
No. 32/2008on preparing, using and managing the market
of biofuel as an alternative fuel
IMPLEMENTATIONIMPLEMENTATION
The Presidential Decree No. 10/2006on forming The National Team for
Biofuel Development to increase the domestic income
The Presidential Decree No. 10/2006on forming The National Team for
Biofuel Development to increase the domestic income
Reg No. 30/2007
On:Energy:
- Diversification- Conservation
Reg No. 30/2007
On:Energy:
- Diversification- Conservation
TARGET: ENERGY MIX 2025TARGET: ENERGY MIX 2025(The Presidential Decree No. 5/2006)
Coal , 33%
Gas, 30%
Fuel, 20%
Geothermal, 5%Biomass, Nuclear, Hydro,Solar Energy, wind, 5%Coal Liquefaction, 2%
BF 5%BF 5%
•BLUEPRINT/ ROADMAP
•RECOMMENDATION
•EVALUATION
•BLUEPRINT/ ROADMAP
•RECOMMENDATION
•EVALUATION
RE,17%
Coal , 33%
Gas, 30%
Oil, 20%
Biofuel, 5%
Geothermal, 5%
Biomass, Nuclear, HydroSolar Energy, Wind Power, 5%
Coal Liquefaction2%
RE,17%
Natural Gas, 28.57%
Coal, 15.34%
Oil51.66%
Geothermal, 1.32%
Hydro Power, 3.11%
ENERGI MIX GOAL 2025ENERGI MIX GOAL 2025
OPTIMIZING ENERGY
MANAGEMENT
National (Primary) Energy Mix
National (Primary) Energy Mix of 2025(BaU Scenario) Energy Mix Year 2025
(Perpres No. 5/2006)
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 5 YEAR 2006PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 5 YEAR 2006NATIONAL ENERGY POLICYNATIONAL ENERGY POLICY
Gas, 20.6%
Coal 34.6%
Oil, 41.7%
Geothermal, 1.1%
Mini/micro Hydro Power Plant, 0.1%
Power Plant, 1.9%National Energy Mix 2025
(Presidential Decree Scenario)
4
TYPE OF FOSSIL ENERGY
RESOURCES RESERVES PRODUCTION R/P(YEARS)
Oil 86.9 billion bbl 9.1 387 million bbl 23
Gas 384.7 TSCF 185.8 2.95 TSCF 62
Coal 57.8 billion Ton 19,3 132 Million Ton 146
NON FOSSIL ENERGY RESOURCES EQUIVALEN
T UTILIZATION INSTALLED CAPACITY
Hydro 845 Million BOE 75,670 MW 6,851,000 MWh 4,200 MW
Geothermal 219 Million BOE 27,000 MW 2,593,500 MWh 807 MW
Mini/Micro hydro 458.75 MW 458.75 MW 54 MW
Biomass 49,810 MW 302.4 MW
Solar 4.8 kWh/m2/day
5 MW
Wind 9,287 MW 0.5 MW
Uranium 24.112 Tons* 3 GW
ENERGY RESOURCES (January 2006)
*) only in Kalan region, West Kalimantan
ENERGY DIVERSIFICATION PROGRAMENERGY DIVERSIFICATION PROGRAMTypes of fuel Household Transportation Industry Power Plant
• GasLPG √ √ √ –BBG √ √ √ √
• CoalCoal √ – √ √
Briquet √ – √ –Coal gasification √ √ √ √
Coal liquefaction – √ √ √
• Biofuel
Bio-ethanol – √ – –
Bio-diesel √ √ √ √
Bio-oil √ – √ √
• Geothermal √ – – √
• Other Renewable Energy
Biomass √ – – √
Nuclearr – – – √
Water – – – √
Solar cell √ √ – √
Wind – – – √
CBM √ √ √ √
Hidrogen / Fuel Cell – √ – √
Oil Shale – √ √ √
Biogenic Gas √ – – √
BIOFUEL COMMODITIES
Palm
Jatropha Curcas
Sugarcane
Cassava
LAND AND CLIMATE COMPATIBILITY MAP FOR PALM(3 million hectares)
LAND AND CLIMATE COMPATIBILITY MAP FOR JATROPHA CURCAS(million hectares)
LAND AND CLIMATE COMPATIBILITY MAP FOR SUGARCANE(0.5 million hectares)
POTENTIAL LAND FOR CASSAVA PLANTATION (million hectares)
Potential land: < 75 ha: 75 – 200 ha: 201 – 400 ha: 401 – 1.800 ha
Environment :Earth Climate :Ozone DepletionGlobal Warming/atmosphericpollution
Energy Security
Regulation:Ratified Kyoto, Montreal
Overcome energy and resource shortageReduction in oil import, subsidyImprovement EfficiencyNon-Fossil/alternative Fuel
Value added: Employee, Customer,Stakeholder, Public
Continuous development / improvement and production :-Fuel Business Atm. Pollution Reduction :Cleaner & Quality Fuels-Non Fuel Business Envi. (Non-ODS, Non-GWP) products
Support governmentPERTAMINA POLICY BACKGROUND IN PRODUCE CLEAN PRODUCT
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Unleaded Gasolines :UL Premium-88, UL Premix-92 (later changed as Pertamax-92), UL Super TT-98 (later changed as Pertamax Plus-95) are supplied from Balongan Refinery since 2001 for Jakarta & surrounding cities.
In 2002, UL gasolines supply are extended for Depok, Bali, Batam and Cirebon.
In Aug 2005, a 52 MBSD Balongan Blue Balongan Blue Sky ProjectSky Project was commissioned, and imported HOMC volume is significantly reduced. This project was proposed to the Government since February 1996February 1996.
PERTAMINA stopped producing leaded Gasoline
0
1
2
2004 Jun-06Gradually from 2004 till June 2006, the TEL content in Premium-88 was reduced from 1.8 to 0.3 cc/USG.
TEL content
CNG :BBG
1990
LPG :V-Gas
Biofuel:BioPertamax
2008
Biofuel:BioPremium, BioSolarEuro-2
Gasoline,Diesel*
2012
Euro-4Gasoline
PERTAMINA’S IN DEVELOPING CLEAN ENERGY FOR TRANSPORTATON FUELS HAD BEEN A LONG JOURNEY & COMMITTED TO CONTINUE DOWN THE ROAD
*Note : Perta-Dex
Solar-48
BACKGROUND OF PERTAMINA’S BIOFUEL PROGRAM
• Presidential Instruction No.1/2006 to 13 central and regional government institutions on supply and utilization of biofuels asalternative energy (January 2006)
• Presidential Regulation No.5/2006 on National Energy Policy, calling for 5% biofuels in the energy mix by 2025 (January 2006)
• Presidential Decree No.10/2006, established by the National Teamfor Biofuels Development to coordinate industry expansion (July 2006)
• SK Dirjen Migas 3675K/DM/2006 re. Specification & 3674K/DM/2006• SNI (Indonesian Standard)• PERTAMINA‘s Commitment to provide green fuel and energy
diversification by utilizing renewable biofue• Min ESDM regulation No 32/2008,a mandatory to blend 5% biofuels
in fuels if Fame and etanol available
15
1. BIO SOLAR (B5)The Minister of ESDM and The BOD of Pertamina launched the mass selling of Bio Solar for industry in Jakarta on May 20, 2006 and followed it in Surabaya and Denpasar on November 11, 2008.
LAUNCHING OF PERTAMINA BIOFUELS
2. BIO PERTAMAX (E5) It launched to the market place in Jakarta on December 11, 2006,and Surabaya and Malang and Denpasar.
Launching of Bio Solar in Jakarta on May 20, 2006
by HE The Minister of ESDM, Mr. Purnomo Yusgiantoro
3. BIO PREMIUM (E5)It launched in Malang on August 13, 2006 and then in Jakarta for 13 stations.
Launching of Bio Pertamax,in Jakarta
December 11, 2006
Launching of Bio Pertamax and Bio Solar in Denpasar on November 13, 2007
BY : NPD
PERTAMINA BIOFUELS
BIOPREMIUM
BIOSOLAR :BIOSOLAR :-- FAME blended solar/diesel oils (5% FAME)FAME blended solar/diesel oils (5% FAME)
Properties according to Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Degree N0.3675K/24/DJM/2006, March 17, 2006
BIODIESEL / Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) or monoBIODIESEL / Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) or mono--alkyl alkyl esters derived from vegetable oils or animal fats and other esters derived from vegetable oils or animal fats and other biomassbiomass--derived oils that shall be technically proven and derived oils that shall be technically proven and approved for use in diesel engines, with quality approved for use in diesel engines, with quality specifications in accordance with the SNI( Indonesia specifications in accordance with the SNI( Indonesia National Standards )National Standards )
Most of biodiesel in Indonesia derived from Palm oil.¥Other feedstock are Coconut oil and Jatropa
BIOPREMIUM
BIO PERTAMAX :BIO PERTAMAX :Etanol Etanol unhydrous denaturated (99.5%purity)denaturated (99.5%purity)blended Pertamax (3blended Pertamax (3-- 5% Etanol)5% Etanol)
BIOPREMIUM :BIOPREMIUM :Etanol Etanol unhydrous denaturated (99.5%purity)denaturated (99.5%purity)blended Premium (3blended Premium (3-- 5% Etanol)5% Etanol)
Properties according toMinister of Energy and Mineral Resources Degree N0.3674K/24/DJM/2006, March 17, 2006
Most of Bioetanol in Indonesia derived from sugarcane Molasse & cassava
=
Tetes Tebu
Penurunan kadarPenurunan kadar11 April 200811 April 2008 1 Nov 20081 Nov 2008
Bio Solar
Bio Premium
Bio Pertamax
Prosentase Biofuel blendedProsentase Biofuel blended
launcedlauncedJuni 2007
20 Mei 2006B-5
13 Des 2006
18 Agustus 2006
E-5
E-5
B-2.5 B-1 B-5
E-3E-5
E-3 E-5 E-5
Malang
JakartaE-2
By 11 November 2008, injeksi FAMEinjection become 5% For transportation & industries sectors,if FAME & Ethanol avable.
BY : NPD
Malang
E-5
E-2Jakarta
BIOFUELS DISTRIBUTION & MARKETING SYSTEM
PENYEDIAAN
BLENDING BIOFUEL & FOSSIL FUEL
CONSUMEN/END USERBIOFUEL
Producer
IMPOR
DALAM NEGERI
Ethanol Producer
Ethanol Producer
FAME ProducerFAME Producer
INDUSTRIES
STATIONS
INSTALATION / TERMINAL
PERTAMINA
Inline Blending Bio
Fuel
MOBIL FAME /
ETHANOL
TANKER FAME TANKER
BIO SOLAR
MOBIL BIO SOLAR/
BIO PREMIUM/BIO PERTAMAX
BY : NPD
MalangBio Premium : 1 stationsVolume ± 400 KL / M
Bio Pertamax : 3 stationsVolume ± 55 KL / M
JakartaBio Solar : 381 stationsVolume ± 76.900 KL/M
Bio Pertamax : 22 stations
Volume ± 1.100 KL / MBio Premium : 13 stationsVolume ± 9.100 KL / M
SurabayaBio Solar : 19 stations
Volume ± 1.600 KL / MBio Pertamax : 7 stations
Volume ± 296 KL / M
DenpasarBio Solar : 11 stations
Volume ± 2.100 KL/M
Bio Pertamax : 14 stationsVolume ± 200 KL/M
Total :Bio Solar : 411 stationsVol : ± 80.600 KL/M
Bio Premium: 14 stations
Vol : ± 9.500 KL / M
Bio Pertamax : 46 stations
Vol : ± 1.651 KL / M
WHERE ARE NOW ? PERTAMINA BIOFUEL PROGRESS
Jakarta November 1, 2008
4 big industries Volume ± 173 KL
BY : NPD
PERTAMINABIO PREMIUM
ROLL OUT PLAN PERTAMINA BIOFUEL
November ‘08 December ‘08 2009 2010
LOCATION
EXISTING & WEST JAVA
LOCATION
+ EAST JAVA & BALI
Product: • BIOSOLAR• BIOPREMIUM• BIO PERTAMAX• BIO M. DIESEL• BIO KEROSENE• BIO M. BAKAR
Product :• BIOSOLAR• BIOPREMIUM• BIO PERTAMAX• BIO M. DIESEL• BIO KEROSENE• BIO M. BAKAR
LOCATION• JAVA
• SUMATRA• Part of KALIMANTAN &
SULAWESI
LOCATION
INDONESIA
Assumption: price of FAME ≤ MOPSBiofuel content: 5%
FAME : 25,157 KLETHANOL : 560 KL
FAME : 1,025,117 KLETHANOL : 805,479 KL
FAME : 1,278,621 KLETHANOL : 1,123,608 KL
Product: • BIOSOLAR• BIOPREMIUM• BIO PERTAMAX
Product: • BIOSOLAR• BIOPREMIUM• BIO PERTAMAX
FAME : 18,981 KLETHANOL : 540 KL
BY : NPD
ROADMAP BIOSOLAR
• In 2009 : Solar BioSolar JAVA
November ‘08-D. Plumpang
-Inst. Tj. Priok
-TT. Tj. Gerem
-D. Padalarang
-D. Ujung Berung
-D. Tasikmalaya
Desember ‘08-ISG
-D. Malang
-D. Madiun
-D. Kediri
-D. Sangaran
-D. Tj. Wangi
2009- P. Jawa
-Part of Sumatra
-Part of Kalimantan
2010- P. Jawa
- Sumatra
- Kalimantan
-Sulawesi
LAUNCHING
Potential of Biofuel supply and demandPotential of Biofuel supply and demand
BY : NPD
Fuel Consumption average per year
Subsidized Non Subsidized
Premium/Gasoline 17.000.000 KL 250.000 KL
Gas Oil 11.000.000 KL 15.000.000 KL
Kerosene 9.900.000 KL 100.000 KL
Biofuel demand per year (max 10% injection) except Kerosene (2%)
Subsidized Industry
Ethanol (Gasohol E-10) 1.700.000 KL 25.000 KL
Fame (Biodiesel B-10) 1.100.000 KL 1.500.000 KL
Kerosene 198.000 KL 2.000 KL
Indonesian gov. policy on biofuel. max 10% biofuel in fuel and
2% biofuel in kerosene
As the gov. regulation, it must be max 10% of biofuel injected in the
common fuel except 2% for Kerosene
Biofuel potential for domestic demand
THE AVAILABILITY OF BIOFUEL SUPPLY
YEARS (CAPACITIES - KL)
2008 2009FAME 1.588.300 2.521.000
ETHANOL 144.500 212.500
Source: The Association of Indonesian Biofuel Producer (APROBI)
Market Development
BIOETHANOL PRODUCT CAPASITY & LOCATION
No PERUSAHAAN LOKASI 2008 2009
CAPASITY(KL)
Domestic(KL)
CAPASITY(KL)
Domestic(KL)
1 Anugrah Kurnia Abadi PT./ BPPT Ethanol
Lampung 2.500 2.500 2.500 2.500
2 Medco Group Lampung 60.000 60.000
3 Molindo Raya Industrial Lawang & Lampung
12.000 12.000 50.000 50.000
4 Sugar Group Lampung 70.000 100.000
TOTAL 144.500 14.500 212.500 52.500
BY : NPD
BIODIESEL PRODUCT CAPASITY & LOCATION(Status Sept. 2008)
PERUSAHAAN LOKASI 2008 2009Capasity
MT/yDomestic
MT/yKapasitas
MT/yDomestic
MT/y
1 Asian Agri TbK Lubuk Gaung,Dumai 200.000 70.000 200.000 80.000
2 Energi Alternatif Indonesia . Jakarta 300 300 1.000 1.0003 Eterindo Wahanatama Tbk Gresik & Cikupa 120.000 120.000 240.000 240.0004 Darmex Biofuel PT. Bekasi 150.000 30.000 150.000 60.0005 Ganesha Energy Group Medan 3.000 3.000 10.000 10.0006 Indo Biofuels Energy PT. Merak 60.000 60.000 160.000 100.0007 Multikimia Intipelangi PT. Bekasi 5.000 5.000 10.000 10.0008 Musim Mas Group Medan 50.000 10.000 350.000 100.0009 Permata Hijau Group Duri 200.000 75.000 200.000 120.000
10 Sumi Asih PT. Bekasi & Lampung 100.000 50.000 200.000 100.00011 Wilmar Group Dumai 700.000 300.000 1.000.000 300.000
TOTAL 1.588.300 723.300 2.521.000 1.121.000
BY : NPD
PRICE FAME,ETHANOL VS CRUDE OIL,GASOLINE
CPO
OLEIN
ETHANOL
FAME MOPS HSD
MOPS GASOLINE
CRUDE OIL
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
waktu
g(
$)
CPO 61.4 70.7 78.4 84.7 82.8 87.2 86.6 87.8 86.6 93.8 97.6 111. 113. 101. 101. 102.
OLEIN 46.7545.5548.5155.1252.1550.9856.1561.1865.7064.3865.4376.2082.2886.2083.3089.1892.9989.7393.2381.59105.7 118. 118.3105.0110.0 105.
ETHANOL 55.2 54.9 54.7 55.0 55.3 55.4 55.4 54.8 55.2 56.8 55.9 55.4 53.6 53.9 55.1 54.2 53.8 53.42 54.7 54.7354.5754.09 53.9
FAME 52.5752.0655.0758.5757.1654.7053.9156.9661.6360.4060.8765.1869.3276.0777.5975.1177.1984.9883.5382.9185.79 91.2 104.395.2899.88 99.2
MOPS HSD 52.9454.0154.2654.2747.7044.7644.0243.8741.5644.4146.2550.4751.3451.5153.9352.2057.0559.8067.9367.2166.48 69.9 79.3987.0099.76 104.
MOPS GASOLINE 49.8252.7044.3939.0738.0637.3340.6946.7551.1954.4551.8852.2247.0750.3554.1459.9760.1061.63 64.4 67.6072.4880.50 85.7
CRUDE OIL 44.0 42.6 45.2 45.8 39.3 35.1 35.1 37.8 33.2 36.2 38.6 42.7 43.1 43.4 47.4 45.4 47.8 51.9 57.9 57.5 57.92 59.7 64.8568.7578.41 83.2
MEI JUNI JULI AGUSSEPTOKTONOVEDESEJANUFEBRMARAPRI MEI JUNI JULI AGUSSEPTOKTONOVEDESEJANUFEBRMARAPRI MEI JUNI
2006 2007 2008
BY : NPD
January 2009Fame (Jan –Sept 2008 , avg) = Rp 8500/ltrFame ( Oct – Des 2008 avg) = Rp 5000/ltr
Ethanol avg = Rp 5500/ltrSolar = ± Rp 5.137 – 5800/ltr
Gasoline = ± Rp 5400- Rp 5600/ltr
CPO Price
Perusahaan Minyak & Gas Nasional
CHALLANGES IN BIOFUELS PROGRAM :
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GOVERNMENT POLICY
PRICE OF BIOFUELS FEED STOCKS
PRICE OF BIOFUEL PRODUCT VS FOSSIL FUEL
SECURITY OF SUPPLY OF FAME & ETHANOL
COMPETION FEEDSTOCKS FOR FOOD & FUELS
THE GEOGRAPHY OF INDONESIA
QUALITY OF FUELS ISSUES ( EURO 4,WWFC CAT 4)
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (Fossil)
BIODIESEL (FAME)
BIODIESEL GENERASI 2
% OXYGEN 0 11 0
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
0.84 0.88 0.78
HEATING VALUE, MJ / kg
43 38 44
SULFUR, ppm < 10 < 1 < 1
CLOUD POINT, oC - 5 - 5 to + 15 - 10 to + 20
DISTILLATION, oC 200 - 350 340 - 355 265 - 320
CETANE 40 50 - 65 70 - 90
STABILITY GOOD MARGINAL GOOD
Properties Produk Biodiesel Generasi Ke 2 yang dibandingkanDengan Ultra Low Sulfur Petroleum Diesel dan FAME
SUMBER : UOP
BY : NPD
No. Karakteristik SatuanBatasan Metode Uji
ASTMMin. Maks.1 Bilangan Cetana :
- Angka Cetana atau - 48 - D 613 - 95- Indeks Cetana - 45 - D 4737 - 96a
2 Berat Jenis ( pada suhu 15 °C ) kg/m³ 815 870 D 1298 atau D 4052 - 963 Viskositas ( pada suhu 40 °C ) mm²/s 2.0 5.0 D 445 - 974 Kandungan Sulfur % m/m - 0.35 1) D 2622 - 985 Distilasi : D 86 - 99a
T 95 °C - 3706 Titik Nyala °C 60 - D 93 - 99c7 Titik Tuang °C - 18 D 978 Residu Karbon % m/m - 0.1 D 4530 - 939 Kandungan Air mg/kg - 500 D 1744 - 9210 Biological growth *) - nihil11 Kandungan FAME *) % v/v - 1012 Kandungan Methanol dan Ethanol *) % v/v tak terdeteksi D 481513 Korosi Bilah Tembaga menit - kelas 1 D 130 - 94 14 Kandungan Abu % m/m - 0.01 D 482 - 9515 Kandungan sedimen % m/m - 0.01 D 47316 Bilangan Asam Kuat mg KOH/g - 0 D 66417 Bilangan Asam Total mg KOH/g - 0.6 D 66418 Partikulat mg/l - - D 2276 - 9919 Penampilan visual - Jernih dan terang20 Warna No.ASTM - 3.0 D 1500
SPESIFIKASI BIO SOLAR MENGACU SPESIFIKASI SOLAR 48 (Dirjen Migas No. 3675K/24/DJM/2006)
*) Khusus untuk Minyak Solar yang mengandung Bio Diesel, jenis dan spesifikasi Bio Diesel nya mengacu ketetapan Pemerintah.Catatan Umum :1.Aditif haris kompatibel dengan minyak mesin (tidak menambah kekotoran mesin/kerak)Aditif yang mengandung komponen pembentuk abu (ash forming) tidak diperbolehkan.1.Pemeliharaan secara baik untuk mengurangi kontaminasi (debu, air, bahan bakar lain, dll)2.Pelabelan pada pompa harus memadai dan terdefinisi.Catatan Kaki :1) Batasan 0,35% m/m setara dengan 3500 ppm.
BY : NPD
No. Karakteristik SatuanBatasan Metode Uji
ASTMMin. Maks.1 Bilangan Cetana :
- Angka Cetana atau - 48 - D 613 - 95- Indeks Cetana - 45 - D 4737 - 96a
2 Berat Jenis ( pada suhu 15 °C ) kg/m³ 815 870 D 1298 atau D 4052 - 96
3 Viskositas ( pada suhu 40 °C ) mm²/s 2.0 5.0 D 445 - 97
4 Kandungan Sulfur % m/m - 0.35 1) D 2622 - 985 Distilasi : D 86 - 99a
T 95 °C - 3706 Titik Nyala °C 60 - D 93 - 99c7 Titik Tuang °C - 18 D 978 Residu Karbon % m/m - 0.1 D 4530 - 939 Kandungan Air mg/kg - 500 D 1744 - 9210 Biological growth *) - nihil11 Kandungan FAME *) % v/v - 1012 Kandungan Methanol dan Ethanol *) % v/v tak terdeteksi D 4815
13 Korosi Bilah Tembaga menit - kelas 1 D 130 - 94 14 Kandungan Abu % m/m - 0.01 D 482 - 9515 Kandungan sedimen % m/m - 0.01 D 47316 Bilangan Asam Kuat mg KOH/g - 0 D 664
17 Bilangan Asam Total mg KOH/g - 0.6 D 664
18 Partikulat mg/l - - D 2276 - 9919 Penampilan visual - Jernih dan terang
20 Warna No.ASTM - 3.0 D 1500
SPESIFIKASI BIO SOLAR MENGACU SPESIFIKASI SOLAR 48 (Dirjen Migas No. 3675K/24/DJM/2006)
*) Khusus untuk Minyak Solar yang mengandung Bio Diesel, jenis dan spesifikasi Bio Diesel nya mengacu ketetapan Pemerintah.Catatan Umum :1.Aditif haris kompatibel dengan minyak mesin (tidak menambah kekotoran mesin/kerak)Aditif yang mengandung komponen pembentuk abu (ash forming) tidak diperbolehkan.1.Pemeliharaan secara baik untuk mengurangi kontaminasi (debu, air, bahan bakar lain, dll)2.Pelabelan pada pompa harus memadai dan terdefinisi.Catatan Kaki :1) Batasan 0,35% m/m setara dengan 3500 ppm.
BY : NPD
Spesifikasi Standar Bioetanol Terdenaturasi untuk Gasohol (SNI DT 27-0001-2006)
Page 36
No Sifat Unit, min/max Spesifikasi1)
1 Kadar etanol %-v, min 99,5 (sebelum denaturasi)2)
94,0 (setelah denaturasi)
2 Kadar metanol mg/L, max 300
3 Kadar air %-v, max 1
4 Kadar denaturan %-v, min%-v, max
25
5 Kadar tembaga (Cu) mg/kg, max 0,1
6 Keasaman sebagai CH3COOH mg/L, max 30
7 Tampakan Jernih dan terang, tidak adaendapan dan kotoran
8 Kadar ion klorida (Cl-) mg/L, max 40
9 Kandungan belerang (S) mg/L, max 50
10 Kadar getah (gum), dicuci mg/100 ml, max 5,0
11 pHe 6,5 - 9,0
1) Jika tak diberikan catatan khusus, nilai batasan (spesifikasi) yang diterakan adalah nilai untuk bioetanol yang sudah didenaturasi.
2) FGE atau etanol kering biasanya memiliki berat jenis dalam rentang 0,7936 – 0,7961 (pada kondisi(15,56/15,56 oC), atau berat jenis dalam rentang 0,7871 – 0,7896 (pada kondisi 25/25 oC), diukur
dengan cara piknometri atau hidrometri yang sudah sangat lazim diterapkan di dalam industri Alkohol.
BY : NPD