Ch8. Models of urban structure and the Ch8. Models of urban structure and the

internal structure of cities- case studyinternal structure of cities- case study 1. Location 1. Location

2. Urban process- the evolution of urban 2. Urban process- the evolution of urban patterns patterns

~ it includes 7 stages~ it includes 7 stages

3. Urban population distribution 3. Urban population distribution

4. Dynamic forces in city development 4. Dynamic forces in city development

~ Centrifugal forces (push factors)~ Centrifugal forces (push factors)

~ Centripetal forces (pull factors)~ Centripetal forces (pull factors)

Internal Structure of a city – SydneyInternal Structure of a city – Sydney

1. General description 1. General description 2. Central Business Districts 2. Central Business Districts ~ Introduction ~ Introduction ~ characteristic of a CBD ~ characteristic of a CBD ~ Vertical variations in rents and uses ~ Vertical variations in rents and uses ~ Small residential population ~ Small residential population ~ Traffic congestion ~ Traffic congestion ~ few manufacturing industries ~ few manufacturing industries ~ Dynamic and changing nature ~ Dynamic and changing nature

3. Specialized areas in the CBD3. Specialized areas in the CBD

1. Service-finance-office zone 1. Service-finance-office zone

2. The administrative area 2. The administrative area

3. The retailing area 3. The retailing area

4. Warehousing and manufacturing 4. Warehousing and manufacturing

5. The entertainment area5. The entertainment area

6. Residential area 6. Residential area

7. Open spaces 7. Open spaces

The zones in transition The zones in transition

Basic characteristics Basic characteristics

~ this is an urban zone which commonly ~ this is an urban zone which commonly adjoins the CBD and is undergoing adjoins the CBD and is undergoing change, changing from a residential change, changing from a residential function to functions associated with the function to functions associated with the CBDCBD

~ sectors in the transitional zone ~ sectors in the transitional zone

~ Delimiting the zone in Transition ~ Delimiting the zone in Transition

The residential areasThe residential areas

Inner residential areas Inner residential areas

Suburban residential areas Suburban residential areas

Reasons for the development of the urban Reasons for the development of the urban fringe fringe

Characteristics of suburban low density Characteristics of suburban low density housing housing

Manufacturing zone Manufacturing zone

~ older industrial areas ~ older industrial areas

~ newer industrial districts ~ newer industrial districts

Shopping centresShopping centres

~ a hierarchy of retail business districts ~ a hierarchy of retail business districts

~ the selection of a retail site ~ the selection of a retail site

Hypermarkets (regional shopping centres)Hypermarkets (regional shopping centres)

Characteristics Characteristics ~ carefully planned ~ carefully planned ~ out of town ~ out of town ~ provide a wide range of goods and services~ provide a wide range of goods and services~ a single complex serving a population of 250000 ~ a single complex serving a population of 250000

or more or more ~ Large car parks ~ Large car parks ~ serves only mobile and affluent population who ~ serves only mobile and affluent population who

are able to drive and can afford bulk purchasesare able to drive and can afford bulk purchases

Other urban functions Other urban functions

The other urban function,which complete The other urban function,which complete the land use pattern of Sydney are :the land use pattern of Sydney are :

~ The port zone has been developed ~ The port zone has been developed around Botany Bay, whilst parts of the old around Botany Bay, whilst parts of the old port near the CBD have been abandoned port near the CBD have been abandoned

~ Transport routes~ Transport routes~ Military land use~ Military land use~ Recreational reserves ~ Recreational reserves

Hong Kong Hong Kong

1. Location,spacing and size 1. Location,spacing and size

~ locational advantages ~ locational advantages

~ Sizes and spacing of settlements~ Sizes and spacing of settlements

2. Functions 2. Functions

~ Communication functions~ Communication functions

~ Economic functions ~ Economic functions

~ Other functions ~ Other functions

3. Urban population densities 3. Urban population densities

High population density High population density

Variations in population densities Variations in population densities

4. Urban land rents 4. Urban land rents

The CBDThe CBD

Away from CBDAway from CBD

Local peaks of high land values Local peaks of high land values

Industrial districts Industrial districts

Public housing estates and squatter areas Public housing estates and squatter areas

5. Urban land use zones in Hong Kong5. Urban land use zones in Hong Kong

1. Characteristics 1. Characteristics

2. Central Business District (CBD)2. Central Business District (CBD)

3. Retailing zones 3. Retailing zones

4. Manufacturing zone4. Manufacturing zone

5. Residential areas 5. Residential areas

6. zones in transition 6. zones in transition

7. Rural-urban fringe/ suburbs 7. Rural-urban fringe/ suburbs

6. Models of urban structure 6. Models of urban structure

~ burgess’s concentric model ~ burgess’s concentric model

~ hoyt’s sector model ~ hoyt’s sector model

Application of Burgess,and Hoyt’s model tApplication of Burgess,and Hoyt’s model to Hong Kong o Hong Kong

Harris and Ullman’s multiple nuclei model Harris and Ullman’s multiple nuclei model