Ch5 Integumentary System
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Transcript of Ch5 Integumentary System
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Essentials of Anatomy and PhysiologyEssentials of Anatomy and PhysiologyFifth editionFifth edition
Seeley, Stephens and TateSeeley, Stephens and Tate
Slide 2.1Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Chapter 5: Integumentary System
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Skin and Body MembranesSkin and Body Membranes
Slide 4.1Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Function of body membranes Line or cover body surfaces
Protect body surfaces
Lubricate body surfaces
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Classification of Body MembranesClassification of Body Membranes
Slide 4.2Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Epithelial membranes
Cutaneous membrane
Mucous membrane
Serous membrane
Connective tissue membranes
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Cutaneous MembraneCutaneous Membrane
Slide 4.3Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Cutaneous membrane = skin A dry membrane
Outermost protective boundary
Superficial epidermis Keratinized stratified
squamous epithelium
Underlying dermis Mostly dense
connective tissue
Figure 4.1a
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Mucous MembranesMucous Membranes
Slide 4.4Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Surface epithelium
Underlying loose C.T. (lamina propria)
Lines body cavities that open to the exterior
Function in absorption or secretion
Figure 4.1b
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Serous MembranesSerous Membranes
Slide 4.5Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Surface: simple squamous epithelium
Underlying loose C.T.
Lines body cavities that are closed
Serous layers separated by serous fluid
Figure 4.1c
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Serous MembranesSerous Membranes
Slide 4.6Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Specific serous membranes Peritoneum
Abdominal cavity
Pleura Around the
lungs
Pericardium Around the
heart
Figure 4.1d
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Connective Tissue MembraneConnective Tissue Membrane
Slide 4.7Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Synovial membrane
Connective tissue only
Lines fibrous capsules surrounding joints
Figure 4.2
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Integumentary SystemIntegumentary System
Slide 4.8Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Skin (cutaneous membrane)
Skin derivatives
Sweat glands
Oil glands
Hairs
Nails
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Skin FunctionsSkin Functions
Slide 4.9aCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Protects deeper tissues from:
Mechanical damage
Chemical damage
Bacterial damage
Thermal damage
Ultraviolet radiation
Desiccation
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Skin FunctionsSkin Functions
Slide 4.9bCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Aids in heat regulation
Aids in excretion of urea and uric acid
Synthesizes vitamin D
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Skin StructureSkin Structure
Slide 4.10aCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Epidermis – outer layer
Stratified squamous epithelium
Often keratinized (hardened by keratin)
Dermis
Dense irregular connective tissue
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Skin StructureSkin Structure
Slide 4.13bCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 4.4
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Skin StructureSkin Structure
Slide 4.10bCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Deep to dermis is the hypodermis
Not “part” of the skin
Termed “subcutaneous tissue”
Anchors skin to underlying organs
Composed mostly of adipose tissue
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Skin StructureSkin Structure
Slide 4.13bCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 4.4
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DermisDermis
Slide 4.13aCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Two layersPapillary layer
Projections called dermal papillae Pain receptors Capillary loops
Reticular layer Blood vessels Glands Nerve receptors
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Skin StructureSkin Structure
Slide 4.13bCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 4.4
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Normal Skin Color DeterminantsNormal Skin Color Determinants
Slide 4.14Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Melanin Yellow, brown or black pigments Produced by melanocytes
Carotene Orange-yellow pigment from some
vegetables
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Normal Skin Color DeterminantsNormal Skin Color Determinants
Slide 4.14Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Hemoglobin Red coloring from blood cells in dermis
capillaries
Oxygen content determines the extent of red coloring
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Appendages of the SkinAppendages of the Skin
Slide 4.15Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Sebaceous glands
Produce oil
Most with ducts that empty into hair follicles
Glands are activated at puberty
Sweat glands
Widely distributed in skin
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Skin StructureSkin Structure
Slide 4.13bCopyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 4.4
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Sweat and Its FunctionSweat and Its Function
Slide 4.17Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Composition Mostly water Some metabolic waste
Function• Helps dissipate excess heat• Excretes waste products• Low pH inhibits bacterial growth
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Hair StructuresHair Structures
Slide 4.20Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Hair follicle
Dermal and epidermal sheath surround hair root
Arrector pilli
Smooth muscle
Sebaceous gland
Sweat glandFigure 4.7a
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Skin Homeostatic Imbalances: FYISkin Homeostatic Imbalances: FYI
Slide 4.23Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Infections Athletes foot
Caused by fungal infection
Boils and carbuncles
Caused by bacterial infection
Cold sores
Caused by virus
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Skin Homeostatic Imbalances: FYISkin Homeostatic Imbalances: FYI
Slide 4.24Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Infections and allergies Contact dermatitis
Exposures cause allergic reaction
Impetigo
Caused by bacterial infection
Psoriasis
Cause is unknown
Triggered by trauma, infection, stress
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Skin Homeostatic Imbalances: FYISkin Homeostatic Imbalances: FYI
Slide 4.25Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Burns
Tissue damage and cell death caused by heat, electricity, UV radiation, or chemicals
Associated dangers
Dehydration
Electrolyte imbalance
Circulatory shock
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Severity of Burns: FYISeverity of Burns: FYI
Slide 4.27Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
First-degree burns Only epidermis is damaged Skin is red and swollen
Second degree burns Epidermis and upper dermis are damaged Skin is red with blisters
Third-degree burns Destroys entire skin layer Burn is gray-white or black
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Skin Cancer: FYISkin Cancer: FYI
Slide 4.29Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Cancer – abnormal cell mass
Two types Benign
Does not spread (encapsulated)
Malignant
Metastasized (moves) to other parts of the body
Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer
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Skin Cancer Types: FYISkin Cancer Types: FYI
Slide 4.30Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Basal cell carcinoma Least malignant
Most common type
Squamous cell carcinoma Metastasizes to lymph nodes
Early removal allows a good chance of cure
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Skin Cancer Types: FYISkin Cancer Types: FYI
Slide 4.31Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Malignant melanoma Most deadly of skin cancers
Cancer of melanocytes
Metastasizes rapidly to lymph and blood vessels
Detection uses ABCD rule
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ABCD Rule: FYIABCD Rule: FYI
Slide 4.32Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
A = Asymmetry Two sides of pigmented mole do not match
B = Border irregularity Borders of mole are not smooth
C = Color Different colors in pigmented area
D = Diameter Spot is larger than 6 mm in diameter