Ch5 Biomass
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Transcript of Ch5 Biomass
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CHAPTER 5
Bio mass Energy
Yogesh, Hiren, Missam Mechanical Dept. LJ Polytechnic
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Biomass
Terminology
Biomass Energy=energy recovered from
biomassorganic matter
such as plant material and
animal waste
Biomass= recently living
organisms
Fossil Fuels = partially
decomposed ancient
organisms
Yogesh,Hiren,Missam Mechanical. LJ Polytechnic
Fossil Fuel Formation
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Biomass
History
Wood was the major fuel sourceuntil the end of 19thcentury
Today developing countries use
wood for ~35% of total energy
supply
Early diesel engines were designed
and tested to run on peanut oil
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Biomass
Bio Energy cycle
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Biomass
Bio Energy cycle on local scale
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Biomass
Biomass Resources
Yogesh,Hiren,Missam Mechanical. LJ Polytechnic
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Biomass resources
Corn
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Biomass Resources
Soyabean
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Biomass Resources
Sorghum
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Biomass Resources
Sugar cane
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Biomass Resources
Switchgrass
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Biomass Resources
Wood chips and sawdust
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Biomass Resources
Solid waste
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Creating Energy from Biomass
Bio Energy Conversion
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Biogas
What is Biogas?
Yogesh,Hiren,Missam Mechanical. LJ Polytechnic
Biogas is clean environment friendly fuel that can be
obtained by anaerobic digestion of animal residues and
domestic and farm wastes, abundantly available in the
countryside.
Biogas is an important renewable energy resource for rural
areas in India
Biogas generally comprise of 55-65 % methane, 35-45 %
carbon dioxide, 0.5-1.0 % hydrogen sulfide and traces ofwater vapor.
Average calorific value of biogas is 20 MJ/m3(4713 kcal/m3).
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Biogas
Yogesh,Hiren,Missam Mechanical. LJ Polytechnic
Biogas like Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) cannot beliquefied under normal temperature and pressure.
Critical temperature required for liquefaction of methane is -82.1oC at 4.71MPa pressure, therefore use of biogas is limitednearby the biogas plant.
An estimate indicates that India has a potential of generating6.38 X 1010m3of biogas from 980 million tones of cattle dung
produced annually.
The heat value of this gas amounts to 1.3 X 1012 MJ. Inaddition, 350 million tones of manure would also producealong with biogas.
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Biogas
Biogas Production Process
Yogesh,Hiren,Missam Mechanical. LJ Polytechnic
Biogas production process (Anaerobic digestion) is a
multiple-stage process in which some main stages are:
Chemical reactions involved in biogas production:C
6H
12O
6 3CO
2+ 3CH
4
CO2+ 4H
2> CH
4+ 2H
2O
CH3COOH > CH
4+ CO
2
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Out let
Pipe
In let
Pipe
Digester
Drum
FLOATING DRUM TYPE
BIOGAS PLANT
Gas
outletInlet
Outlet
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Biogas
Bio gas Plant
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Bi
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Biogas
Bio gas construction
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Bi
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Biogas
Detailed Structure of biogas plant
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Bi
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Biogas
Contribution of Biogas plant
Yogesh Hiren Missam Mechanical LJ Polytechnic
Better and cheaper fuel for cooking, lighting and power
generation.
Produces good quality enriched manure to improve spoil
fertility.
Effective and convenient way for sanitary disposal of
human excreata, improving the hygienic conditions.
Generate social benefits - reducing burden on forest,
reduction in drudgery of women and children.
As a smokeless domestic fuel it reduces the incidence of
eye and lung diseases.