Ch.4 HUMAN NEEDS!!

HUMAN NEEDS

• NEEDS: a lack of something required or desired.

• *Needs motivate us to act!

HEALTH TRIANGLE

Physical• Routine Physicals• Adequate Rest• Good nutrition • Weight control• Elimination of waste• Aerobic Exercise• Immunizations • Well baby Checks• Avoiding substance abuse: Drugs, Alcohol, Tobacco,

Excessive food intake

Mental

– Self-Direct “being the captain of your own ship”– Have a sense of belonging– Trust their own senses and feelings– Accept themselves – Have Self-Esteem– Practice Stress Management

Spiritual, Social, Emotional

• Allows us to experience meaning and purpose in life. It provides a sense of comfort with others, creating greater acceptance of behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs

• Includes:– Enjoying companionship– Sharing ideas and thoughts – Having a sense of belonging– Showing Enthusiasm for life

Hierarchy of Needs

BIOLOGICAL NEEDSneeds to maintain life

• Food• Air• Water• Sleep• Elimination

Sensory Needs

• Hearing, seeing, feeling, smelling, tasting

• Intellectual stimulation

Motor activities

• Movement• Exercise

Safety Needs• Protection from

bodily harm and injury

• Freedom from fear and anxiety

• Examples of security needs include:– a desire for steady employment,– health insurance– safe neighborhoods– shelter from the environment.

LOVE, AFFECTION, ACCEPTEDNESS

• Family• Friendships• Intimate (Romantic) relationships• Social involvement in social, community or

religious groups• The absence of love can impact an individual's

ability to form and maintain emotionally significant relationships in general

Harlow’s Monkeys• He separated infant monkeys from their mothers a few hours

after birth, then arranged for the young animals to be “raised” by two kinds of surrogate monkey mother machines, both equipped to dispense milk. One mother was made out of bare wire mesh. The other was a wire mother covered with soft terry cloth. Harlow’s first observation was that monkeys who had a choice of mothers spent far more time clinging to the terry cloth surrogates, even when their physical nourishment came from bottles mounted on the bare wire mothers. This suggested that infant love was no simple response to the satisfaction of physiological needs. Attachment was not primarily about hunger or thirst. It could not be reduced to nursing.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hsA5Sec6dAI• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9PtN3UV0FC0

Humans need to feel a sense of belonging and acceptance…

• whether it comes from a large social group, such as clubs, office culture, religious groups, professional organizations, sports teams, gangs, or small social connections (family members, intimate partners, mentors, close colleagues, confidants).

• They need to love and be loved (sexually and non-sexually) by others.

• In the absence of these elements, many people become susceptible to loneliness, social anxiety, and clinical depression.

• This need for belonging can often overcome the physiological and security needs.– A child will cling to an abusive parent.– an anorexic, for example, may ignore the need to eat and the security

of health for a feeling of control and belonging.

Social approval and self-esteem:The need to feel important!

• Level II (higher level) need for self-respect, the need for strength, competence, mastery, self-confidence, independence and freedom

• Level I (lower level)- need for the respect of others, the need for status, recognition, fame, prestige, and attention

Level II-ranks higher because it rests more on inner competence won through experience. Deprivation of these needs can lead to an inferiority complex, weakness and helplessness.

Self Actualization

• Need to grow and become a better person

• Cannot reach this stage with out first achieving other phases.

• Truth, rather than dishonesty. Goodness, rather than evil. Beauty, not ugliness or vulgarity. Unity, wholeness, and transcendence of opposites, not arbitrariness or forced choices. Aliveness, not deadness or the mechanization of life. Uniqueness, not bland uniformity. Perfection and necessity, not sloppiness, inconsistency, or accident. Completion, rather than incompleteness. Justice and order, not injustice and lawlessness. Simplicity, not unnecessary complexity. Richness, not environmental impoverishment. Effortlessness, not strain. Playfulness, not grim, humorless, drudgery. Self-sufficiency, not dependency. Meaningfulness, rather than senselessness

Stress

• Stress: tension that results when a person is faced w/change.

• Stressor: something that causes stress

• Helpful Stress: leads to positive actions

• Harmful Stress: results in problems

Negative reactions to stress

• Easy to anger• stomach ulcers• tension headache• back pain• increased heart rate• blood pressure• possibly a stroke

Responses to Stress

• Fight or Flight: the physical response to a stressor. Due to adrenaline release.

• Defense Mechanisms: help people cope w/stress.

DEFINITION OF DEFENSE MECHANISMS

• Rationalization is using an acceptable excuse for a behavior instead of the real excuse.

• Projection is placing blame on someone or something else to avoid admitting a mistake.

• Compensation is substituting an easier goal for a difficult goal.

• Sublimation redirecting feelings toward a constructive objective.

• Identification Idolizing someone you would like to be like.

Stress Reducing Techniques: Think positively.

• Set realistic goals.

• Accept what cannot be changed.

• Plan ahead.

• Negotiate with others.

• Say “no.”

• Talk with another person.

• Ask for and accept help.

• Spend time doing a hobby.

• Take deep breaths.

• Meditate or pray.

• Eat well. Exercise regularly. Get enough sleep.

Holistic Health• An approach to life. • Rather than focusing on illness or

specific parts of the body, this ancient approach to health considers the whole person and how he or she interacts with his or her environment.

• the connection of mind, body, and spirit

Alternative Medicine

• Alternative Medicine refers to techniques that are not currently accepted by "conventional" practitioners, but what is currently accepted is quickly changing.

• Medical Herbalism, Acupuncture, Homeopathy, Reiki