Ch3
-
Upload
mcm -
Category
Technology
-
view
628 -
download
0
Transcript of Ch3
Use with INTERNATIONAL MARKETING STRATEGY:
Analysis, development and implementation 5TH edition ISBN 13: 978-1-84480-763-5 Published by Cengage Learning DOOLE AND LOWE
ch3/1
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
Session 3
Use with INTERNATIONAL MARKETING STRATEGY:
Analysis, development and implementation 5TH edition ISBN 13: 978-1-84480-763-5 Published by Cengage Learning DOOLE AND LOWE
ch3/2
CULTURE DEFINEDin an international marketing context
• The sum total of learned beliefs, values and customs that serve to direct customer behaviour in a particular country market
Use with INTERNATIONAL MARKETING STRATEGY:
Analysis, development and implementation 5TH edition ISBN 13: 978-1-84480-763-5 Published by Cengage Learning DOOLE AND LOWE
ch3/3
COMPONENTS OF CULTURE #1
Beliefs:
A large number of mental and verbal processes which reflect our knowledge and assessment of products and services
Use with INTERNATIONAL MARKETING STRATEGY:
Analysis, development and implementation 5TH edition ISBN 13: 978-1-84480-763-5 Published by Cengage Learning DOOLE AND LOWE
ch3/4
COMPONENTS OF CULTURE #2
Values:
The indicators consumers use to serve as guides for what is appropriate behaviour, they tend to be relatively enduring and stable over time and widely accepted by members of a particular market
Use with INTERNATIONAL MARKETING STRATEGY:
Analysis, development and implementation 5TH edition ISBN 13: 978-1-84480-763-5 Published by Cengage Learning DOOLE AND LOWE
ch3/5
CULTURAL VALUES AND THEIR RELEVANCE TO CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR
Value
Achievement & success
Efficiency & practicality
Progress
Material comfort
Individualism
External conformity
Youthfulness
Features
Success flows from hard work
Admiration of things that solve problemsPeople can improve themselves
The ‘good life’
Being oneself
Uniformity of observable behaviour
State of mind that stresses being young at heart
Relevance to behaviour
Justification for acquisition of goods
Stimulates purchase of well functioning productsReady acceptance of ‘new’/‘improved’ products
Fosters acceptance of convenience/luxury productsStimulates acceptance of customised or unique products
Stimulates interest in products used by others
Stimulates acceptance of products that promote youthfulness
Source: Schiffman, L.G. & Kanuk, L. L. (2000)
Use with INTERNATIONAL MARKETING STRATEGY:
Analysis, development and implementation 5TH edition ISBN 13: 978-1-84480-763-5 Published by Cengage Learning DOOLE AND LOWE
ch3/6
COMPONENTS OF CULTURE #3
Customs:
Overt modes of behaviour that constitute culturally approved or acceptable ways of behaving in specific situations. Customs are evident at major events in ones life eg birth, marriage, death and at key events in the year e.g. Christmas, Easter, Ramadan, etc.
Use with INTERNATIONAL MARKETING STRATEGY:
Analysis, development and implementation 5TH edition ISBN 13: 978-1-84480-763-5 Published by Cengage Learning DOOLE AND LOWE
ch3/7
Layers of CultureHofstede (2003)
• A national level– according to one’s country which determines our basic
cultural assumptions.• A regional/ethnic/religious/linguistic affiliation level
– determining basic cultural beliefs.• A gender level
– according to whether a person was born as a girl or as a boy.
• A generation level– which separates grandparents, parents and children.
• A social class level– associated with educational opportunities, a person’s
occupation or profession.
Use with INTERNATIONAL MARKETING STRATEGY:
Analysis, development and implementation 5TH edition ISBN 13: 978-1-84480-763-5 Published by Cengage Learning DOOLE AND LOWE
ch3/8
A CULTURAL FRAMEWORK
Use with INTERNATIONAL MARKETING STRATEGY:
Analysis, development and implementation 5TH edition ISBN 13: 978-1-84480-763-5 Published by Cengage Learning DOOLE AND LOWE
ch3/9
THE MAIN SILENT LANGUAGES IN OVERSEAS BUSINESS #1
Source: Hall & Hall (1987)
Silent Language Implications For Marketing & Business
- Appointment scheduling- The importance of being ‘on time’- The importance of deadlines
- Sizes of offices- Conversational differences between people
- The relevance of material possessions- The interest in the latest technology
Time
Space
Things
Use with INTERNATIONAL MARKETING STRATEGY:
Analysis, development and implementation 5TH edition ISBN 13: 978-1-84480-763-5 Published by Cengage Learning DOOLE AND LOWE
ch3/10
THE MAIN SILENT LANGUAGES IN OVERSEAS BUSINESS #2
Silent Language Implications For Marketing & Business
- The significance of trusted friends as social insurance in times of stress and emergency
- Rules of negotiations based on laws, moral practices or informal customs
Friendship
Agreements
Use with INTERNATIONAL MARKETING STRATEGY:
Analysis, development and implementation 5TH edition ISBN 13: 978-1-84480-763-5 Published by Cengage Learning DOOLE AND LOWE
ch3/11
CULTURAL INFLUENCES ON BUYER BEHAVIOUR
Adapted from Jeannete & Hennessey; 2004
Use with INTERNATIONAL MARKETING STRATEGY:
Analysis, development and implementation 5TH edition ISBN 13: 978-1-84480-763-5 Published by Cengage Learning DOOLE AND LOWE
ch3/12
ASSUMPTIONS TO BE QUESTIONED BY INTERNATIONAL MARKETING MANAGERS
• Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is consistent across cultures
• The buying process in all countries is an individualistic activity
• Social institutions and local conventions are similar across cultures
• The consumer buying process is consistent across cultures– consumer involvement– perceived risk– cognitive style
Use with INTERNATIONAL MARKETING STRATEGY:
Analysis, development and implementation 5TH edition ISBN 13: 978-1-84480-763-5 Published by Cengage Learning DOOLE AND LOWE
ch3/13
ELIMINATINGSELF–REFERENCE CRITERIA
• Define in terms of home country cultural traits, habits and norms
• Define in terms of foreign cultural traits, habits and norms
• Isolate and analyse SRC influences and see how if effects the problem
• Redefine the problem without the SRC influence
Use with INTERNATIONAL MARKETING STRATEGY:
Analysis, development and implementation 5TH edition ISBN 13: 978-1-84480-763-5 Published by Cengage Learning DOOLE AND LOWE
ch3/14
THE CONTEXTUAL CONTINUUM OF DIFFERING CULTURES
Source: Usiner et al (2005))
SwissGermans
ScandinaviansNorth Americans
English
Italians/Spanish
Latin Americans
Arabs
Japanese
Low
Context
High
ImplicitExplicit Messages
French
Use with INTERNATIONAL MARKETING STRATEGY:
Analysis, development and implementation 5TH edition ISBN 13: 978-1-84480-763-5 Published by Cengage Learning DOOLE AND LOWE
ch3/15
HOFSTEDE’S CRITERIA (2001)
• Individualism– Affects the way people live together
• Power distance– Dealing with human inequality
• Uncertainty avoidance– Managing future uncertainty
• Masculinity– Male / female stereotyping
• Confucian dynamism– Universalistic or particularistic
Use with INTERNATIONAL MARKETING STRATEGY:
Analysis, development and implementation 5TH edition ISBN 13: 978-1-84480-763-5 Published by Cengage Learning DOOLE AND LOWE
ch3/16
POWER DISTANCE/INDIVIDUALISM DIMENSIONS ACROSS CULTURES
Source: Hofstede (2003)
Use with INTERNATIONAL MARKETING STRATEGY:
Analysis, development and implementation 5TH edition ISBN 13: 978-1-84480-763-5 Published by Cengage Learning DOOLE AND LOWE
ch3/17
COMMUNICATION TYPOLOGIES
• Direct vs Indirect– Degree of explicitness of verbal messages
• Elaborate vs Succinct– Quantity of talk people feel comfy with
• Personal vs Contextual– The role of speaker and relationships
• Instrumental vs Affective– The orientation of the speaker
Gudykunst et al; 2005
Use with INTERNATIONAL MARKETING STRATEGY:
Analysis, development and implementation 5TH edition ISBN 13: 978-1-84480-763-5 Published by Cengage Learning DOOLE AND LOWE
ch3/18
LINEAR MODEL OF THE NEGOTIATION PROCESS
Non-task discussion
Task-related exchange of information
Persuasion
Concession and agreement
Use with INTERNATIONAL MARKETING STRATEGY:
Analysis, development and implementation 5TH edition ISBN 13: 978-1-84480-763-5 Published by Cengage Learning DOOLE AND LOWE
ch3/19
MINIMISING CULTURAL IMPACTIN NEGOTIATIONS
• Adaptation– Demonstrate awareness of cultural differences
• Interpreters– Influence meaning
• Cultural Blocks– Not everything translates
• Stereotype– Important to avoid
• Inter-cultural preparation
Source: Usiner and Lee (2005)