Ch.12, Sec.3 – Conflicts Over States’ Rights
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Transcript of Ch.12, Sec.3 – Conflicts Over States’ Rights
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Ch.12, Sec.3 – Conflicts Over States’ Rights
Rising Sectional Differences
- Jackson dealt with economic conflicts between the United States’ three main areas: the Northeast, the South, & the West
- the economic problems were: 1. the sale of public lands2. internal improvements3. tariffs
- Northeasterners did not want the federal government selling new lands for cheap prices because it would attract workers who were needed in their factories
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Ch.12, Sec.3 – Conflicts Over States’ Rights
- Westerners wanted the land sold cheaply so more people would settle there, giving the areas more political power
- business leaders in the Northeast & West backed government spending on internal improvements (roads & canals)
- Southerners opposed these improvements because the government got its funding for these projects through tariffs, which were taxes on imported goods
- tariffs were the government’s main source of income
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Ch.12, Sec.3 – Conflicts Over States’ Rights
- Northerners supported high tariffs because they made imported goods more expensive than American-made goods
- Southerners did not support tariffs because its economy depended on foreign trade
Tariff Abominations
- before John Quincy Adams left office, he passed a tariff act which enraged Southerners and cost them money at the expense of the Northerners who were unaffected
- Southerners called the act the Tariff of Abominations
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Ch.12, Sec.3 – Conflicts Over States’ Rights
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Ch.12, Sec.3 – Conflicts Over States’ Rights
Crisis over Nullification
- South Carolina was hit hard by the tariff and there was talk of them leaving the Union
- John C. Calhoun, Jackson’s vice-president, came up with the doctrine of nullification, which granted states the right to nullify federal laws they deemed as unconstitutional
- many political leaders felt that freedom and a unified country went hand in hand, so the doctrine went against their beliefs
- John C. Calhoun & Andrew Jackson became political enemies
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Ch.12, Sec.3 – Conflicts Over States’ Rights
South Carolina Threatens to Secede
- South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union if the tariffs were collected by the federal government
- When Jackson won re-election in 1832, he threatened the South Carolina congressmen with military force if they didn’t obey federal laws